现代图形设计的基础教学初探

现代图形设计基础教学的最终目的是帮助学生通过图形进行思维,进行创造。在发现、分析和解决问题的同时,把头脑里的想法通过图形,将最初的设计构思深入完善。这种形象化的思考方式,是对视觉思维能力、想象创造能力、绘画表达能力三者的综合。     

高校舞蹈专业学生气质培养途径研究

舞蹈之美,是音乐的视觉流动,是雕塑的立体呈现。不同的舞蹈具有着不同的风格特征,舞蹈演员由于自身气质的差异而塑造出具有不同审美价值的艺术形象。本文从不同风格的舞蹈与不同气质的演员等方面的分析入手,总结归纳出舞蹈演员自身气质对于舞蹈艺术塑造的重要性,并依此为基础,研究分析高校舞蹈专业学生气质培养的途径,以期引起舞者对于自身气质培养的重视与促进高校舞蹈专业的发展,从而进一步促进我国舞蹈事业的繁荣发展。     

听说教学法在视障大学生英语教学中的应用

视障学生,在外语教学方面存在一定的特殊性。通过外语学习,不仅使他们获得必要的生存本领,还能增强自信心,克服自卑心理,以利于身心健康成长。视障学生由于视力缺损,听觉成为其了解外部世界极其重要的手段,故其听力尤为突出,对声音的记忆能力及细节的分辩能力远高于正常人,同时在外语学习的专一性和稳定性方面也比正常人强。用听说法(听说领先法)进行视障学生大学英语教学符合视力缺损、听力补偿原则,是迎合视障学生兴趣特点,遵循语言学习规律的教学方法。     

听障大学生造型意识的培养与绘画语言的发展

在高等特殊教育美术专业中科学、系统地培养听障生的造型意识,可提高其对视觉图象的观察能力、对视觉艺术语言的领悟能力、丰富的情感体验能力,并挖掘艺术潜力,使他们在作品中有想法,勇于表达自我,建立自信和完善人格,这在一定程度上可以拟补他们在生理上的不足,提高解决实际生活问题的能力。     

Order in the initial retinotectal map in Xenopus: a new technique for labelling growing nerve fibres

Retinal nerve fibres form an orderly map of visual space in several centres in the vertebrate brain. Such topographic maps are a common feature of central nervous system organization, yet the way in which they develop is poorly understood. Early nerve projections in the fetal and neonatal mammalian brain have been found in several cases to be less restricted than those in the adult, suggesting that nerve fibres may initially form a diffuse set of connections in their target structure from which the adult map is sculpted by the elimination of terminals. Indeed, previous electrophysiological data indicate that the retinotectal map in Xenopus laevis might be initially disorganized. We report here, however, that the retinotectal projection is ordered from the beginning of tectal innervation (stage 39/40). We demonstrate this first autoradiographically by tracing groups of growing ganglion cell axons which we labelled by incubating sectors of eye rudiments, before axonal outgrowth, in 3H-proline and replacing them orthotopically. Separate labelling of dorsal and ventral parts of the initial projection showed that retinal fibres are organized topographically, as in the adult, in the tectal rudiment and throughout much of the pathway. Second, we show that visual responses are ordered in the tectum from the first stage that they can be mapped (stage 40). We conclude that the topographic ordering of retinotectal connections develops as a result of directed axonal outgrowth.     

Influence of the thalamus on spatial visual processing in frontal cortex

Each of our movements activates our own sensory receptors, and therefore keeping track of self-movement is a necessary part of analysing sensory input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self-movement is by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor commands. This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual world despite our frequent quick, or saccadic, eye movements: corollary discharge about each saccade would permit the visual system to ignore saccade-induced visual changes. The critical missing link has been the connection between corollary discharge and visual processing. Here we show that such a link is formed by a corollary discharge from the thalamus that targets the frontal cortex. In the thalamus, neurons in the mediodorsal nucleus relay a corollary discharge of saccades from the midbrain superior colliculus to the cortical frontal eye field. In the frontal eye field, neurons use corollary discharge to shift their visual receptive fields spatially before saccades. We tested the hypothesis that these two components-a pathway for corollary discharge and neurons with shifting receptive fields-form a circuit in which the corollary discharge drives the shift. First we showed that the known spatial and temporal properties of the corollary discharge predict the dynamic changes in spatial visual processing of cortical neurons when saccades are made. Then we moved from this correlation to causation by isolating single cortical neurons and showing that their spatial visual processing is impaired when corollary discharge from the thalamus is interrupted. Thus the visual processing of frontal neurons is spatiotemporally matched with, and functionally dependent on, corollary discharge input from the thalamus. These experiments establish the first link between corollary discharge and visual processing, delineate a brain circuit that is well suited for mediating visual stability, and provide a framework for studying corollary discharge in other sensory systems.     

微格教学对体育教育专业学生教学能力的影响

运用微格教学的理论与方法,在“体育教学论”课程中,设置微格教学实践阶段,试验学生是伊犁师范学院体育学院体育教育专业2002-2、2003-2、2004-2三个班的部分学生,通过比较研究,结果表明,参加微格教学试验的学生教学基本功得到明显提高,微格教学是提高体育教育专业学生的体育教学能力的有效方法.     

Maple在线性代数中的可视化教学

本文介绍了计算机代数系统Maple线性代数软件包Student[LinearAlgebra]的部分函数,重点研究了这个软件包在线性代数中的可视化应用,并在求特征向量、逆矩阵、线性方程的解等方面给予举例说明。它以交互式的方式给教师和学生创造了进行探究式教学、协作学习、主动学习的现代教育教学环境。可见,Maple在处理线性代数可视化教学方面要优于其他数学软件。     

Maple在线性代数中的可视化教学

本文介绍了计算机代数系统Maple线性代数软件包Student[LinearAlgebra]的部分函数,重点研究了这个软件包在线性代数中的可视化应用,并在求特征向量、逆矩阵、线性方程的解等方面给予举例说明.它以交互式的方式给教师和学生创造了进行探究式教学、协作学习、主动学习的现代教育教学环境.可见,Maple在处理线性代数可视化教学方面要优于其他数学软件.     

用比较法教授听障生英语语法初探

听障生由于自身的缺陷，失去了用听觉器官接受有声语言的能力，不能靠语感(声音)来帮助判断或正确使用语言。因此，学习英语对于听障生来说，掌握英语语法尤为重要；在英语教学中，要充分利用听障生视觉较敏锐的优势，采用多种形式的、直观的比较法帮助听障生掌握英语语法。     

解构素描--浅谈素描教学中形式课题的开发

本文从素描的教学形式入手,剖析了素描教学中存在的表现形式单一的问题和认识上的误区,提出将构成引入教学,打破传统教学的局限,努力拓展思维空间的想象力与表现力,使学生从入学伊始就树立设计意识,逐渐改变以往对造型观念的狭隘认识,形成一种更为活跃和宽广的视觉思维方式.     

战略联盟与河南省中小企业核心竞争力的培育

核心竞争力是企业的生存基础,战略联盟是企业培育自身核心竞争力的有效途径.对于河南省广大中小企业而言,要想在日趋激烈的竞争中取胜,就必须更新竞争观念,高度重视战略联盟的运用,通过战略联盟去培育和增强自身的核心竞争力.     

The concepts of 'sameness' and 'difference' in an insect

Insects process and learn information flexibly to adapt to their environment. The honeybee Apis mellifera constitutes a traditional model for studying learning and memory at behavioural, cellular and molecular levels. Earlier studies focused on elementary associative and non-associative forms of learning determined by either olfactory conditioning of the proboscis extension reflex or the learning of visual stimuli in an operant context. However, research has indicated that bees are capable of cognitive performances that were thought to occur only in some vertebrate species. For example, honeybees can interpolate visual information, exhibit associative recall, categorize visual information and learn contextual information. Here we show that honeybees can form 'sameness' and 'difference' concepts. They learn to solve 'delayed matching-to-sample' tasks, in which they are required to respond to a matching stimulus, and 'delayed non-matching-to-sample' tasks, in which they are required to respond to a different stimulus; they can also transfer the learned rules to new stimuli of the same or a different sensory modality. Thus, not only can bees learn specific objects and their physical parameters, but they can also master abstract inter-relationships, such as sameness and difference.     

“说剑”情结与“速死”心态—关于中国知识分子问题的一点思考

19世纪下半叶以来中国知识分子的命运问题，既和中国社会与文化的发展息息相关，更和知识分子对自身的职责定位以及自身如何处理与统治者和民众的关系有关。遗憾的是，对此中国知识分子并没有找到正确解决的途径，反而在一次次的政治斗争中沦为权力机器的工具。由此导致很多知识分子对于自己的使命和前途感到迷惘甚至绝望，龚自珍由渴望“说剑”而最终回到“吹箫”；章太炎因国师梦的破灭鬲产生“速死”心态，即是中国知识分子思想变化的最佳例证。也许，中国知识分子只有首先做好对自身的文化启蒙和精神解放工作，才能谋求成功扮演历史赋予的角色。     

Visual discrimination of target displacement remains after damage to the striate cortex in humans

Damage to the striate cortex usually causes blindness in those regions of the visual field which map to the area of neural damage. Nonetheless, there are reports that some patients with such damage can localize and perform certain visual discriminations between light stimuli presented within the 'blind' area of the visual field. Experiments on animals with different brain areas ablated suggest that visual function is served by two principal projection pathways from the retina. That to the striate cortex is primarily responsible for fine discrimination between stimulus parameters such as colour and spatial pattern, whereas that to the superior colliculus in the midbrain is responsible for visual localization of stimuli. The residual visual functions in patients with cortical damage are usually attributed to the non-striate retinal projection to the superior colliculus. We now present measurements of spatial discrimination in two observers with large visual field defects (scotomata) caused by damage to the striate cortical region. Both exhibit a near normal ability to discriminate displacements of targets when two lights are flashed sequentially in their defective visual field, but they are unable to discriminate spatial pattern or size. We argue that these results are consistent with the 'two visual systems' interpretation of ablation studies on non-human species.     

论降低网页界面的视觉干扰

视觉干扰会影响用户时信息的正确判断，阻碍用户浏览网页体验度的提升，降低信息传达的效率减少网页界面视觉干扰应明确页面信息的主次关系．恰当地应用分类识别手法，合理地利用信息之间的视觉停顿并且弱化辅助元素的视觉强度。     

爱国:现实主义的深刻体现——论永嘉四灵和江湖诗派对杜诗的接受

在文学史上大多数人认为“永嘉四灵”和“江湖诗派”是学晚唐体,宗贾岛与姚合。但实际上他们学习的是杜甫的诗歌,宗杜而非仅仅贾、姚。他们直接学习贾岛与姚合,其目的就是为了学习杜甫。因为他们的才力与学识等决定了他们无法直接学习杜甫,但并不是像某些人认为那样不学杜甫,“抛弃杜甫”,而是间接学习。这只不过是学习杜甫、接受杜甫的特殊途径罢了。     

浅释商周隐逸文化的两种模式

良禽择木而栖，贤士择主而仕。伊尹、傅说、姜尚之属，怀抱利器，隐居以择主。非明主礼请不出，际遇明主则当仁不让。他们的隐只是一种权宜之计，心箭却指向如火如荼的现实人间。他们把隐居生活当作一种实现政治理想和人生价值的手段。而伯夷、叔齐则是直接以隐逸作为政治参与手段的孤傲之隐，以其高洁为后世之范。     

Requirement for subplate neurons in the formation of thalamocortical connections

The neurons of layer 4 in the adult cerebral cortex receive their major ascending inputs from the thalamus. In development, however, thalamic axons arrive at the appropriate cortical area long before their target layer 4 neurons have migrated into the cortical plate. The axons accumulate and wait in the zone below the cortical plate, the subplate, for several weeks before invading the cortical plate. The subplate is a transient zone that contains the first postmitotic neurons of the telencephalon. These neurons mature well before other cortical neurons, and disappear by cell death after the thalamic axons have grown into the overlying cortical plate. The close proximity of growing thalamocortical axons and subplate neurons suggests that they might be involved in interactions important for normal thalamocortical development. Here we show that early in development the deletion of subplate neurons located beneath visual cortex prevents axons from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus from recognizing and innervating visual cortex, their normal target. In the absence of subplate neurons, lateral geniculate nucleus axons continue to grow in the white matter past visual cortex despite the presence of their target layer 4 neurons. Thus the transient subplate neurons are necessary for appropriate cortical target selection by thalamocortical axons.     

青少年成长成才因素研究——兼析个人在困境中奋斗的成功因素

青少年成长成才问题,是人类社会永恒的话题．作者结合亲身经历和体会,论述青少年如何成长成才,实现自己的理想和愿望．认为坚定不移地树立成才理想和志向;甘愿吃苦,甘愿奉献;明确确定自己的奋斗目标：选择适合自己的发展道路;严格实施计划和勤于总结、提高,是青少年成长成才的有效途径和措施．