水滴真空冷却中降温特性的实验研究

为了探究果蔬表面水滴对其真空冷却冻伤的影响,选取不同质量的水滴为实验对象,首先研究了在特定终压下水滴的降温特性.进而研究了真空泵排量和真空冷却的终压对水滴降温特性的影响.结果表明:水滴的降温规律和已报道的食品降温规律差别很大,即使水滴没有沸腾现象,其温度也会迅速降低;改变水滴质量和真空泵排量无法阻止水滴结冰;终压低于3 500Pa时水滴终温将低于0℃,低于2 000Pa时水滴结冰.因此,向果蔬表面喷水时应喷洒均匀,避免出现较大的水滴,当喷水量大时,应适当提高终压,避免因水滴冻结造成果蔬冻伤.     

降膜结晶分离提纯对二甲苯

降膜结晶是一种重要的对二甲苯提纯方式。以含有75%(质量分数)对二甲苯的混二甲苯为原料,研究降膜结晶分离提纯对二甲苯过程,考察挂膜、进料速率、预冷温度、结晶温度、降温速率等工艺条件对结晶过程的影响,以及发汗终温、升温速率对发汗过程的影响。研究结果表明:当结晶条件为挂膜、进料线性喷淋密度360.53 mL/(m·min)、预冷温度25℃、结晶温度15℃、降温速率0.15℃/min时,以及发汗条件为升温速率1℃/min、发汗终温10℃时,可获得纯度高于99.50%的对二甲苯产品。     

基于热管的自燃煤矸石山降温效应

为预防煤矸石山氧化发火,抑制矸石山自燃升温,基于热管相变传热原理,在煤矸石山现场开展热管降温效果的单管试验,研究煤矸石山温度分布规律和热管对其内部温度的冷却效果。研究结果表明,试验条件下,热管能够有效降低煤矸石山内部温度,达到抑制升温、预防自燃的目的。60 d内,降温最大值在深度4 m位置,最大值为27℃,平均降温0.45℃/d。水平方向上,矸石与热管距离越近,降温效果越明显,最大控温半径可达3 m,最佳控温半径为2 m;垂直方向上,降温效果随深度增加先增加后减小,蒸发段所在深度为降温效果最佳深度范围。     

7050铝合金厚板淬火过程的数值模拟研究

采用Deform 3D有限元软件对尺寸为630 mm×300 mm×80 mm的7050铝合金厚板淬火过程进行模拟,研究了厚板的温度和残余应力分布情况,同时对比分析了淬火水温对厚板淬火过程的影响.结果表明,淬火过程中温度分布不均匀,淬火刚开始时,表层温度下降较快,冷却速率约为131.5℃/s,内部温度下降缓慢,冷却速率约为33.2℃/s,厚板整体能够被固溶.淬火初期,厚板表层呈现拉应力,内部为压应力;淬火完成后,心部变为拉应力,最大值为131 MPa,表层为压应力.随着淬火水温的升高,通过淬火敏感区的冷却速率降低,厚板中的残余应力略有减小;采用25～80℃水淬均能获得过饱和固溶体,选用80℃进行淬火时的残余应力稍有降低.     

冷却工艺参数对海洋工程用H型钢组织性能的影响

通过对SM490YB实验钢进行热轧和超快速冷却实验,研究了不同工艺参数对实验钢厚度方向不同位置的显微组织的影响,分析了SM490YB实验钢的强韧化机理.实验结果表明:随着终冷温度的降低,实验钢厚度方向相同位置的贝氏体和针状铁素体含量逐渐增加,多边形铁素体和珠光体含量减少;实验钢的强度和低温韧性随着终冷温度的降低而增加,终冷温度为480℃、返热温度为554℃时,力学性能最佳.冷却速率的增加可以提高实验钢的强度,但过快的冷却速率会损害材料的韧性.     

真空冷却工艺对贡丸品质的影响研究

真空冷却技术是保持贡丸品质和延长贡丸产品流通中货架期的一种有效方法。以质量损失率、色差、过氧化值和酸价等为衡量指标,对真空条件下不同的冷却温度对贡丸品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明：贡丸采用真空冷却工艺可以快速降温,质地明显优于常压冷却,可在一定程度上保持其嫩度;但随着温度的降低,贡丸的剪切力增加,在20℃时达到最大值5．7 N ;真空冷却温度对贡丸色泽无明显影响。在过氧化值和酸价方面,真空冷却可以减缓贡丸的脂质氧化,有利于贡丸产品货架期的延长。     

熔融结晶分离提纯对间硝基氯苯的研究

研究了对位硝基氯苯和间位硝基氯苯在不同组成下的结晶情况，考察并分析了各种操作条件如降温速率、结晶终温和发汗终温等对熔融结晶过程中不同因素的影响．结果表明：对位组成为89．31％的最佳操作分离条件是降温速率0．05—0．055℃／min，结晶时间460～500min，结晶终温58—62℃，发汗终温82—83℃；间位组成为76．03％的最佳分离条件是加入晶核温度32．5～33℃，降温速率0．015～0．016℃／min，结晶终温26．5～28℃，发汗终温34～36℃．用最小二乘法建立了与实验结果拟舍良好的数学方程，获得了有益的操作参数并进行了模拟计算．     

高温对高强度水泥砂浆强度影响的试验研究

对高强度等级水泥砂浆在经历不同温度（150℃、300℃、450℃、600℃）、不同冷却方式（喷水与自然冷却）后的力学性能进行了试验,研究了高温对高强度水泥砂浆力学性能的影响规律。结果表明：高强度等级水泥砂浆抗压强度随受热温度的升高而逐渐降低,当温度在300℃以下时,强度下降较静;温度在450℃以上时,强度下降明显。冷却方式对砂浆抗压强度退化影响较为明显,相同受火温度,喷水冷却后的砂浆强度低于自然冷却后的砂浆强度。并得出不同冷却方式、不同强度等级水泥砂浆高温后抗压强度退化的公式。     

葡萄糖酸钙真空降温结晶工艺

以葡萄糖酸钙为研究对象进行了真空降温结晶实验,考察了温度、搅拌速率以及真空度等因素对葡萄糖酸钙真空冷却结晶的影响。结果表明,影响葡萄糖酸钙结晶率的因素先后顺序是真空度、结晶温度、转速,并且真空度的P值小于0.05,具有显著性。葡萄糖酸钙真空冷却结晶的最优工艺条件为结晶温度50 ℃、真空度0.095 MPa、转速100 r/min,该研究为葡萄糖酸钙真空闪发连续蒸发结晶技术与装置开发提供理论依据     

高温后方钢管全再生混凝土短柱轴压试验研究

为了研究不同冷却方式下高温后方钢管全再生混凝土短柱的轴压力学性能,设计制作9根短柱试件依次进行高温试验和轴心受压试验,探讨历经温度(20℃、200℃、400℃、600℃、800℃)和冷却方式(自然冷却、喷水冷却)对轴压破坏形态、极限承载力、初始刚度、刚度退化及延性的影响。试验结果表明:试件最终破坏形态为钢管撕裂和钢管鼓曲斜压破坏;高温作用后试件极限承载力降低较为显著,但受自然冷却和喷水冷却的影响不明显;试件初始刚度随温度的升高而不断降低,喷水冷却作用对试件初始刚度有二次削弱;试件刚度退化曲线经历了平台段、快速下降段、平缓下降段、平稳段,冷却方式对试件刚度退化的影响不大;试件的延性随温度的升高呈先降低后升高的趋势,喷水冷却作用会降低试件的延性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has