膨化物料酶解特性的研究

使用两种不同的蛋白酶—胃蛋白酶和米曲霉蛋白酶对挤压膨化脱脂豆粕进行水解 ,并通过正交实验和方差分析 ,找出胃蛋白酶和米曲霉蛋白酶的最佳水解条件 ,即胃蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为m(料 )∶m(H2 O) =4∶4 8;反应pH =2 .0 ;酶用量为 1 0 0 0u ;反应温度为 4 0℃ ;米曲霉蛋白酶的最佳水解条件为m(料 )∶m(H2 O) =4∶6 4 ;反应pH =7.2 ;酶用量为 1 0 0 0u ;反应温度为 37℃ ;并通过对两种蛋白酶水解的平均水解率的比较 ,发现胃蛋白酶的水解效果要优于米曲霉蛋白酶     

H_6P_2W_(18)O_(62)/SiO_2催化合成5-乙氧羰基-4-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

采用H6P2W18O62/SiO2为催化剂,以对羟基苯甲醛、乙酰乙酸乙酯、尿素为原料合成5-乙氧羰基-4-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮.探讨H6P2W18O62/SiO2对本反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了反应物物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度四因素对产物收率的影响.实验表明:H6P2W18O62/SiO2是合成5-乙氧羰基-4-(4-羟基苯基)-6-甲基-3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮的良好催化剂;在n(对羟基苯甲醛)∶n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)∶n(尿素)=1∶1.5∶1.5,催化剂的用量占反应物料总质量的1.5%,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为60 min的最佳条件下,其收率可达94.4%.     

微波辐射催化合成乙酰水杨酸

在微波辐射下以碳酸氢钠为催化剂合成乙酰水杨酸,考察了影响反应的主要因素,实验结果表明合成最佳工艺条件为n(水杨酸)∶n(乙酸酐)=1∶2.0,微波功率为微波炉“中低”档(40%)151W,辐射时间45 s,催化剂用量为水杨酸质量的2%,产率可达96.9%(重结晶产率可达92.1%)。     

月桂酸乙酯合成新工艺的研究

以硅藻土负载硫酸铁为催化剂,4A分子筛作脱水剂,无水乙醇作带水剂,由月桂酸和乙醇回流分水合成香料月桂酸乙酯。通过正交实验确定最佳反应条件为：酸醇摩尔比为1∶10,催化剂用量15%,回流反应12h,温度为72~80℃,酯转化率达93.8%。催化剂可重复使用2~3次。     

钨酸盐/H2O2/[HNMP][HSO4]体系的催化氧化脱硫性能

采用钨酸盐/H2O2/N-甲基吡咯烷酮硫酸氢盐([HNMP][HSO4])体系对模拟燃油和实际燃油进行深度催化氧化脱硫研究。采用X线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)以及热分析仪(TG)对合成的2种Keggin型钨酸盐(烷基硅钨酸铵(Q4Si W)和烷基磷钨酸铵(Q3PW))进行表征。考察不同脱硫体系、不同催化剂、催化剂用量、H2O2用量、反应温度和不同硫化物等对模拟油脱硫效果的影响。结果表明:在反应温度60℃,反应时间4 h,模拟油3 g,[HNMP][HSO4]1 g,n(O)∶n(S)∶n(催化剂)=300∶50∶1,Q4Si W为催化剂条件下,此催化氧化体系对噻吩(TS)、苯并噻吩(BT)和二苯并噻吩(DBT)的脱硫率分别为54.2%、87.4%以及99.1%,且重复使用5次,催化氧化性能并未明显降低。     

固体酸MoO_3/ZrO_2-TiO_2的制备和催化性能的研究

采用混合沉淀过饱和浸渍法制备Mo O_3/Zr O_2-Ti O_2固体酸催化剂.以催化水解CFC-12(CCl_2F_2)的转化率90%作为评价标准,考察并优化浸渍液浓度、浸渍时间、浸渍温度、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等催化剂制备条件.结果表明,催化剂的最佳制备条件为:钛锆摩尔比为7∶3,浸渍液浓度为0.25 mol/L,浸渍时间6 h,浸渍温度60℃,焙烧温度500℃.对催化剂进行XRD、SEM、EDS表征,结果表明该方法合成的催化剂为纯相,主要结构为四方晶相的Zr(Mo O_4)_2掺杂锐钛型的Ti O_2,稳定性较好,是催化水解CFC-12良好的催化剂.     

蒸汽渗透耦合乳酸乙酯水解反应条件优化

水解反应中产物的富集将限制转化率的提高,蒸汽渗透可以在线移除特定产物,提高反应转化率。采用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)/陶瓷复合膜在线脱除乳酸乙酯水解生成的乙醇,优化了反应条件。考察了蒸汽渗透耦合乳酸乙酯水解过程中温度、催化剂用量、水酯摩尔比以及膜面积和反应液初始质量比(S/m_0)对乳酸乙酯转化率的影响,最佳条件为:反应温度95℃、催化剂用量2%、水酯初始摩尔比10∶1、S/m_0为0.057 m~2/kg,该条件下反应3 h时,乳酸的收率达到将近100%。     

TiSiW_(12)O_(40)/TiO_2催化合成丁酸正丙酯

首次以固载杂多酸盐 Ti Si W12 O4 0 / Ti O2 为多相催化剂 ,通过正丁酸和正丙醇反应合成了丁酸正丙酯 ,并探讨了诸因素对酯化率的影响。实验表明 :Ti Si W12 O4 0 / Ti O2 具有良好的催化活性 ,醇酸物质量之比为 1 .4∶ 1 ,催化剂用量为反应物料总量的 2 .0 % ,反应时间 2 .0 h,反应温度 1 0 6～ 1 1 2℃ ,酯化率可达 98.3 %。     

杂多化合物催化合成尿囊素的研究

以乙二醛和尿素为原料 ,过氧化氢为氧化剂 ,采用具有酸碱催化和氧化还原催化双功能的K15H2 [Ce( P2 W15Mo2 O61) 2 ]杂多化合物为催化剂 ,系统地研究了尿囊素的合成条件 .其最佳工艺条件 :乙二醛的氧化温度为 3～ 8℃ ,尿囊素的生成温度是 75℃ ,乙二醛与过氧化氢的物质的量比为1 .0∶ 1 .1 ,催化剂与乙二醛的物质的量比为 2 .9× 1 0 -5∶ 1 .0 ,反应时间 8h,尿囊素收率为2 7.2 2 % ,采用红外光谱验证产品结构     

纳米TiO2光催化剂的制备及其对碱性藏红花的降解

实验采用钛酸丁酯在有机溶剂中高温热水解与结晶同时进行的方法 ,制备了二氧化钛光催化剂 .考察不同条件制得的二氧化钛光催化剂对碱性藏红花的降解反应 ,确定了催化剂的最佳制备条件 ,钛酸丁酯∶甲苯∶水等于 1∶9.6∶7.7(物质的量的比 ) ,2 2 0℃恒温 2 .5小时 .对碱性藏红花的纳米二氧化钛光催化降解也做了初步探讨 .     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-