安塞富县组防塌泥浆研究及现场试验

安塞油田富县组泥页岩地层不稳定,塌层井径扩大,长期给钻井工作带来很大困难.为了解决这个问题,通过对富县组泥页岩成份和理化指标的分析,证实该地层不稳定是组成泥页岩的伊利石缺K~+的水敏性所致.针对这一特性,对无机盐和聚合物抑制剂进行防塌能力的试验研究,优选出适合该地层的KCl-聚合物不分散低固相泥浆的组成和配方.经现场试验,较好地解决了富县组地层不稳定问题.     

聚胺高性能水基钻井液特性评价及应用

根据泥页岩水化特点和多元协同抑制思路,构建了聚胺高性能水基钻井液。介绍了该体系的关键处理剂聚胺页岩抑制剂、包被抑制剂、铝盐封堵防塌剂和清洁润滑剂。通过屈曲硬度实验和粘结实验对比评价了聚胺高性能水基钻井液与几种典型防塌钻井液的性能。结果表明,聚胺页岩抑制剂能在低浓度下最大限度降低黏土水化层间距,有效抑制黏土水化膨胀。聚胺页岩抑制剂与铝盐封堵防塌剂复配后能显著阻缓孔隙压力传递。聚胺高性能水基钻井液抑制性和清洁润滑性突出,与油基钻井液接近。聚胺高性能水基钻井液在胜利油田田305区块进行了成功应用,解决了该区块泥页岩井壁失稳问题。     

石油大学(华东)泥页岩井壁稳定性问题及对策研究达到国内领先水平

日前，由大港石油管理局钻井工程公司与石油大学（华东）石油工程系李健鹰教授、邱正松副教授为首的防塌组共同完成的中国石油天然气总公司“八五”重点科技攻关课题──大港油田港东地区沙河街地层泥页岩井壁稳定性问题及对策研究，日前，通过了由中国石油天然气总公司组织的鉴定．鉴定委员会认为，该项研究成果达到国内领先水平．科研人员研究了大港油田易塌地层钻井过程中出现的复杂井塌问题通过现场调查和粘土矿物分析建立了粘土矿物剖面，应用离子释放方法研究了港东沙一、沙二、沙三段泥页岩各自的离子释放规律及其与并塌的关系，该项…     

页岩地层水基钻井液研究进展

开发能满足页岩长水平段钻井井壁稳定要求的钻井液是页岩地层安全钻井的一项关键技术。目前广泛采用的油基体系具有高成本、高污染的缺点。归纳了具有仿油基性能以及防塌防水化的各种新型水基钻井液,包括成膜钻井液(MEG钻井液、甲酸盐钻井液、聚合醇钻井液和硅酸盐钻井液)与隔膜钻井液的防塌成膜机理及其优良特性和现场应用情况,新型纳米钻井液技术的研究进展。建议加强成膜机理的进一步研究,并提高该类钻井液的润滑性、防卡性及膜效率,开发适应具有时敏性的长段页岩钻井的防塌成膜处理剂,并加强在国外页岩气钻井中已实践的纳米钻井液的研究。     

高效防塌钻井液的研制及在新疆塔河油田的应用

新疆塔河油田三叠系、石炭系地层长期以来存在着严重井塌问题,为此,用实验方法优选出高效防塌钻井液配方,并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明,以MAN-104,KN-PAN,WFT-666和KCl为主要处理剂的防塌钻井液具有流变性好、滤失量低、泥饼致密等特点。对页岩回收率、膨胀性和毛细管吸入时间的实验研究进一步证实,这种钻井液对粘土矿物的水化膨胀和分散具有很强的抑制作用,在防塌效果及其他性能方面均明显优于在该地区使用的其他常规钻井液。对该钻井液的防塌作用机理进行了理论分析,并在一口重点试验井进行了现场试验,取得了理想的防塌效果。与邻井相比,三开井段的平均井径扩大率由14.6％下降至3．14％,从而显著提高了钻井效率。     

含油污泥资源化制备钻井液用封堵防塌剂与应用

以含油污泥为原料,通过沥青化和乳化分散等工艺制备封堵防塌剂SD-AS,其软化点在50~120℃可调,油溶率超过50%;采用砂盘封堵评价实验、扫描电镜测试、压力传递实验以及接触角测试等实验手段,综合评价封堵防塌剂SD-AS的性能,探讨其作用机制;以可变形封堵防塌剂SD-AS为主要处理剂,构建强化封堵防塌水基钻井液体系配方。结果表明:封堵防塌剂SD-AS主要通过化学吸附、油溶性变形粒子物理封堵、阻缓压力传递以及降低泥页岩表面的亲水性等作用,实现有效的封堵防塌作用;强化封堵防塌水基钻井液体系成功应用于准噶尔盆地山前构造带的钻井施工,复杂易塌地层井径扩大率平均仅为6.78%。     

改性多元醇防塌剂的研制及其作用机理研究

通过降解和阳离子化反应,研制出了抑制性好而增粘负效应较低的改性多元醇防塌剂SD-306;通过红外光谱分析了改性多元醇防塌剂的分子结构,证明阳离子化反应引入了正氮基团;通过滚动分散、电动电位测量、粒度分布测量、吸附以及压力传递等实验手段,探讨了改性多元醇防塌剂的作用机理.结果表明,改性多元醇的防塌机理主要为通过吸附包被防止泥页岩颗粒水化分散;多元醇吸附在泥页岩颗粒表面,改变其表面电荷,压缩扩散双电层,抑制泥页岩颗粒水化;吸附于地层岩石表面成膜,覆盖裂缝和孔隙表面,从而阻缓压力和钻井液滤液传递.     

高效防塌钻井液的研制及在新疆塔河油田的应用

新疆塔河油田三叠系、石炭系地层长期以来存在着严重井塌问题 ,为此 ,用实验方法优选出高效防塌钻井液配方 ,并对其性能进行了研究。结果表明 ,以MAN 10 4 ,KN PAN ,WFT 6 6 6和KCl为主要处理剂的防塌钻井液具有流变性好、滤失量低、泥饼致密等特点。对页岩回收率、膨胀性和毛细管吸入时间的实验研究进一步证实 ,这种钻井液对粘土矿物的水化膨胀和分散具有很强的抑制作用 ,在防塌效果及其他性能方面均明显优于在该地区使用的其他常规钻井液。对该钻井液的防塌作用机理进行了理论分析 ,并在一口重点试验井进行了现场试验 ,取得了理想的防塌效果。与邻井相比 ,三开井段的平均井径扩大率由 14 .6 %下降至 3.14 % ,从而显著提高了钻井效率。     

改性多元醇防塌剂的研制及其作用机理研究

通过降解和阳离子化反应，研制出了抑制性好而增粘负效应较低的改性多元醇防塌剂SD-306；通过红外光谱分析了改性多元醇防塌剂的分子结构，证明阳离子化反应引入了正氮基团；通过滚动分散、电动电位测量、粒度分布测量、吸附以及压力传递等实验手段，探讨了改性多元醇防塌剂的作用机理。结果表明，改性多元醇的防塌机理主要为：通过吸附包被防止泥页岩颗粒水化分散；多元醇吸附在泥页岩颗粒表面，改变其表面电荷，压缩扩散双电层，抑制泥页岩颗粒水化；吸附于地层岩石表面成膜，覆盖裂缝和孔隙表面，从而阻缓压力和钻井液滤液传递。     

伊通地区地层坍塌机理及防塌对策研究

摘要：为了研究伊通地区易坍塌地层的坍塌机理和防塌对策,根据目前国内外井壁稳定研究状况,本文着重进行了进行岩芯的特征观察,岩石矿物成分分析,泥页岩理化性能测试。在泥页岩理化性能的测定中,主要选择了阳离子交换容量,比吸水量,泥页岩回收率和泥页岩膨胀率的测定。根据测定结果,进行坍塌机理的分析,进而针对坍塌机理提出防塌对策。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that