三七中达玛烷型皂苷的研究

利用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶和ODS等柱色谱方法对三七70％乙醇提取物中的化学成分进行了分离纯化,从中得到6个皂苷类化合物,通过其理化性质和NMR谱鉴定了这6个化合物的结构,分别为20（R）一人参皂苷Rh1（1）、三七皂苷R2（2）、人参皂苷Rg1（3）、三七皂苷R1（4）、人参皂苷Rh4（5）和人参皂苷‰（6）。     

三七中达玛烷型皂苷的研究（Ⅱ）

利用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶和ODS等柱色谱方法对三七70％乙醇提取物中的化学成分进行了分离纯化,从中得到5个皂苷类化合物,通过其理化性质和NMR谱鉴定了它们的结构,分别为人参皂苷Rg3（7）、人参皂苷Rd（8）、三七皂苷K（9）、人参皂苷Rb1（10）和人参皂苷Rb3（11）。     

RP-HPLC同时测定人参总皂苷粗提物中人参皂苷Re和Rh2

利用反相-高效液相色谱法(RP-HPLC)建立了快速测定人参皂苷Re和Rh2含量方法。色谱柱为Agilent Extend C18（4.6×150 mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-0.05%乙酸梯度洗脱溶液,流速1.00 mL/min,波长203 nm,柱温30.0℃。人参皂苷Re和Rh2的线性范围分别为0.17~456.6 mg/L和6.00~449.4 mg/L;人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rh2的平均加标回收率分别为99.60%和99.78%。本方法快速、灵敏、准确性好,可用于测定人参和西洋参提取物中人参皂苷Re和人参皂苷Rh2的含量。     

甾体皂苷的选择性酸水解研究

甾体皂苷的药物活性不仅与苷元有关,而且与糖链部分有更为密切的联系.为了研究糖链结构对甾体皂苷生物活性的影响,从龙葵(Solanum nigrum L.)和穿龙薯蓣(Dioscorea nipponica Makino)中提取了3种甾体皂苷类化合物澳洲茄边碱、澳洲茄碱和薯蓣皂苷,通过选择性酸水解,制备了一系列糖链结构不同的产物.研究结果表明,澳洲茄边碱水解得到4种产物,澳洲茄碱水解得到3种产物,β1-澳洲茄碱无法分离得到.用浓度为2%的H2SO4水解薯蓣皂苷,90℃反应75 min,主要得到γ-薯蓣皂苷水解产物,此条件下具有很好的选择性;而用5%的H2SO4水解,75℃反应75 min,则主要得到β-薯蓣皂苷水解产物.     

比色法测定剑花总皂苷含量的研究

目的：研究剑花总皂苷含量的测定方法。方法：以齐墩果酸为对照品,采用香草醛-高氯酸比色法,在540nm处有最大吸收,测定吸光度,计算剑花中总皂苷的含量。结果：该法精密度高,90min内稳定,标准曲线在0～0.07mg/mL范围内呈线性关系,回归方程为y=-0.28351＋34.32045＊x（r=0.99847）,剑花总皂苷含量为3.61%,平均加样回收率为100.94%,RSD为1.10%。结论：此方法简便、准确,可用于剑花总皂苷含量测定。     

结晶紫共振瑞利散射法测定七叶皂苷钠

在pH5.0的BR缓冲溶液中,七叶皂苷钠(SA)阴离子与结晶紫(CV)阳离子反应,形成离子缔合物,此时将引起共振瑞利散射光谱RRS急剧增强并产生新的RRS光谱,结合产物的最大散射波长位于342 nm,七叶皂苷钠浓度在0~20μg.mL-1时与散射强度呈直线关系;研究了适宜的反应条件和影响因素,考察了共存物质的影响,测得七叶皂苷钠的检出限为19 ng.mL-1;实验表明结晶紫共振瑞利散射法选择性好,可用于片剂中七叶皂苷钠的测定。     

西洋参总皂苷碱降解产物的分离及结构鉴定

从西洋参总皂苷碱降解产物中分离得到了5种化合物，经理化方法鉴定为人参皂苷Rh1（1），人参皂苷Rh2（2），人参皂苷Rk2（3），达玛烷型-20（21），24-二烯-3β，12β-二醇（4），人参皂苷Rg3（5）；本研究同时还提供了化合物更多的理化数据．化合物3、4为首次从碱降解物中获得．     

人参皂苷Rg1和拟人参皂苷PF11的质谱区分

通过对人参皂苷Rg1和拟人参皂苷PF11进行电喷雾多级串联质谱比较,从而可以快速、简便、准确地区分2种人参皂苷的异构体:Rg1和PF11.     

阴离子交换树脂纯化三七总皂苷的液质联用分析

对阴离子交换树脂纯化的三七总皂苷(PNS)进行定性和定量研究,采用液质联用技术结合皂苷标准品对纯化后的三七总皂苷中主要单体皂苷类成分进行指认,确定化学物质基础;并通过三重四级杆多反应检测模式,对这些单体皂苷进行定量分析,确定各皂苷所占比例及总皂苷的纯度。阴离子交换树脂纯化的三七总皂苷中主要含有11种皂苷:人参皂苷Rg1[(195.6±3.3)mg·g~(-1)]、人参皂苷Rg2[(58.1±1.1)mg·g~(-1)]、人参皂苷Re[(102.8±3.1)mg·g~(-1)]、人参皂苷Rb1[(105.4±2.2)mg·g~(-1)]、人参皂苷Rd[(85.8±1.1)mg·g~(-1)]、人参皂苷Rh1[(65.7±1.4)mg·g~(-1)]、20-O-Glucosylginsenoside-Rf[(28.0±1.3)mg·g~(-1)]、人参皂苷F1[(28.1±0.6)mg·g~(-1)]、人参皂苷F2[(31.3±0.9)mg·g~(-1)],三七皂苷R1[(118.2±2.7)mg·g~(-1)]和三七皂苷R2[(62.6±0.9)mg·g~(-1)],总皂苷纯度约为88.16%;并且通过质荷比和色谱保留行为推测含有三七皂苷K。利用阴离子交换树脂纯化的三七总皂苷成分明确、纯度较高,可以作为三七总皂苷药物和健康产品开发的原料使用。     

秦岭中草药槐角中人参皂苷类化合物的分离及结构鉴定

目的 分离鉴定秦岭中草药槐角的人参皂苷类成分.方法 槐角用乙醇提取,利用制备型高效液相色谱技术对乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,采用高分辨质谱及核磁共振波谱法确定化合物结构.结果 从槐角中分离鉴定了8个化合物,均为人参皂苷类化合物.这8个化合物分别为人参皂苷F3(1),人参皂苷F5(2),人参皂苷Re(3),人参皂苷Rg1(4),20(S)-人参皂苷Rg2(5),20(R)-人参皂苷Rg2(6),20(S)-人参皂苷Rh1(7)和20(R)-人参皂苷Rh1(8).结论 这8个化合物均为首次从槐角中分离得到,这为槐角在医药工业领域的开发应用提供了理论依据,也为秦岭槐角的进一步综合利用提供理论参考.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~