福建省洪涝灾害经济损失趋势分析

采用灾损度DLD和环境不稳定度EI两个要素,构建了灾害经济损失指数DELI(灾损度指数)指标对灾害经济损失进行评估,并应用它对福建省洪涝灾害经济损失趋势变化进行了分析.研究表明:利用灾损度指数对灾害经济损失评估的方法是可行的,不受灾害发生的时间和地点限制,可比性强,资料信息源多,计算方便,适用范围广;福建省洪涝灾害灾损度指数呈波动上升趋势,反映出福建洪涝灾情加重、灾害本身损失加大与福建省环境不稳定度加大有关,和实际情况相符.     

临武县暴雨洪涝灾害及风险区划评估

临武县位于湖南省最南端的南岭山脉之中,是南北气候的交汇区,也是山洪灾害地质多发区之一。随着人口的增加和社会经济的快速发展,在相同洪涝程度的条件下,洪涝灾害所造成的损失也越来越大,严重阻碍了当地社会经济的可持续发展。该文通过对临武县1960年以来的致灾性暴雨洪涝资料进行统计分析,系统分析了临武县暴雨洪涝灾害的特征。得出临武县暴雨洪涝灾害具有季节性强,并有一定的周期性,地形地势和人为因素大的明显特征,并对洪涝灾害进行了风险区划评估,提出了暴雨洪涝灾害的防御措施及建议。相信对临武县的防洪抗灾工作会有一定的参考价值。     

洪涝灾害评估研究综述

洪涝灾害在世界范围内发生频繁,灾情严重,带来损失巨大.对洪涝灾害的评估是认识和管理洪涝灾害的前提和要求.洪涝灾害评估可以分为灾前评估、灾中评估和灾后评估三个阶段.文章聚焦于灾前评估和灾后评估,在界定了相关概念的基础上,从致灾因子、孕灾环境的危险性和承灾体的脆弱性等角度概括了洪涝灾害风险评估的内容,从指标确定、损失计量和等级划分等角度介绍了洪涝灾害损失评估的内容,并列出了主流研究方法.最后,对洪涝灾害评估的未来研究方向作了展望.     

洪灾损失评估方法及其应用研究

洪涝灾害是当今世界上主要的自然灾害,防治洪水灾害是世界各国普遍关注的问题,洪灾损失评估是防洪减灾领域的一项基础性工作,在防汛指挥调度和抢险救灾等工作中急需一套适用、易行、可靠的洪涝灾害损失评估模型.在分析技术路线的基础上,提出洪灾损失评估计算方法,并以浑河为实例,验证提出的洪灾损失评估方法.     

国内外洪涝灾害评估进展与应用研究综述

全球变暖导致暴雨洪涝灾害频发,该文通过研究近年来国内外洪涝灾害评估的进展,试图找到对有效合理评估洪涝灾损有指导意义的相关研究。结果表明,通过处理NPP-VIIRS夜光遥感数据能够得到较可靠的城市洪涝灾损面积;利用Arcpy库叠加城市洪涝变化过程和社会经济数据可以对洪涝灾害直接经济损失进行动态评估;利用近实时洪水事件中财产保险索赔的网格总计数,结合潜在洪水区并提取区内预测因子和变量,建立可运用于多场景的洪水财产保险索赔模型。     

山西省主要气象灾害特征及风险评估——基于暴雨洪涝灾害气象数据融合的实证视角

 立足于山西省暴雨洪涝气象数据融合的实证视角,通过对山西省109个气象站点,1957-2008年的暴雨洪涝灾害数据,山西省经济发展数据、地理数据的高度融合,从致灾因子、孕灾因子、承灾体因子和防灾减灾因子4 个维度出发,构建山西省暴雨洪涝灾害风险评估模型,并选择太原市、大同市、晋城市、朔州市、晋中市和临汾市进行实证分析,综合评估这6 个城市的暴雨洪涝灾害致灾指数。研究成果不仅能够从实践上指导山西省在暴雨洪涝预测及防灾减灾方面的实践工作,而且从理论方法上对气象灾害研究提出独特的分析见解。     

面向重大洪涝灾害应急响应的灾情动态评估方法研究

以2018年8月山东寿光洪涝灾害为例,根据应急响应阶段救援队伍重点关注的承灾体灾情对象,以区域洪水淹没历时为致灾因子强度指标,采用灾情指数法构建了一种用于辅助洪涝灾害应急救援决策的洪涝灾害灾情动态应急评估方法—应急灾情指数法,包括:1）利用多时相遥感影像,获取8月21—25日山东寿光洪水淹没区域动态提取结果;2）基于淹没历时,结合人口、土地利用类型和道路等基础地理数据,计算应急灾情指数;3）利用应急灾情指数对洪涝灾害淹没区域的灾情实现应急动态评估．结果表明,本次洪涝灾害过程中,受灾最严重的区域为淹没区西部的口子村、东北部的南宅科村、李家营村、李家湾村和东部的佛屋村,该区域是此次洪水事件中应急救援的核心区域,并利用网络灾情对评估结果进行验证．本文提出的基于应急灾情指数的洪涝灾害灾情动态评估方法的评估结果良好,评估精度较高．研究结果以期为洪涝动态评估提供方法参考,并为寿光市洪涝灾害应急救援工作提供科学依据．      

基于熵权-灰色关联度分析的暴雨洪涝灾情评估方法

洪涝灾害造成的危害广泛且复杂,合理的洪涝灾害灾情评估方法是制定有效防灾减灾措施的关键手段。根据《洪涝灾情评估标准》(SL579—2012),结合死亡人口、受灾人口、农作物受灾面积、直接经济损失、倒塌房屋、水利设施经济损失等关键影响因素,建立了洪涝灾害评价指标。综合灰色关联度分析法和熵权法,提出一种针对暴雨洪涝灾情的分级评估方法,并以2014—2018年的全国年度洪灾数据为例进行应用,结合评估结果和实际情况,提出了暴雨洪涝灾害防灾减灾工作的建议。结果表明：全国暴雨洪涝灾情熵权-灰色关联度数值高的区域集中在东南区域和西北区域,防洪防涝工作重点分别在城市防洪和沙漠防洪;2016年全国暴雨灾情熵权-灰色关联度分级属于较大洪涝灾害年。     

经济发展与洪涝时空变化的相关分析 --以海河流域为例

介绍了历史上海河流域洪涝灾发生的次数、受灾范围,受害程度等.通过对洪涝灾害在时间上和空间上的分析,揭示了洪涝灾在历史上的时空分布规律.并在此基础上,说明洪涝灾对经济的影响.     

基于灰色灾变理论的湖南洪涝灾害预测

洪涝灾害灾变系统是一个复杂的灰色系统.根据湖南省1980-2007年洪涝灾害统计数据建立了灰色灾变预测模型GM(1,1),发现湖南省洪涝灾害的发生呈现出周期波动性和损失越来越严重的特点,在未来10年中,2010年和2017年将可能发生轻灾,2012年、2015年和2019年将可能发生重大洪灾,2013年和2016年将可能发生特大洪涝灾害.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.