具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

不同授粉方式和花序不同部位肉苁蓉种子质量的比较研究

采用人工授粉方法,对结实的肉苁蓉种子进行分级和生活力等测定,研究肉苁蓉不同授粉方式及花序不同部位种子的质量差异。结果表明,肉苁蓉异株异花方式授粉的结实率为88.4%,同株异花方式授粉的结实率为43.4%,自花授粉不能结实;异株异花方式授粉种子质量(空胚率为25.67%,千粒重为0.088g,生活力为41.33%,粒径≥0.5mm的重量百分比为95.33%)优于同株异花授粉种子(空胚率为92.77%,千粒重为0.068g,生活力为0.67%,粒径≥0.5mm的重量百分比为1.33%)。同一花序不同部位种子中,花序下部种子质量最好(千粒重为0.114g,生活力为33.33%,空胚率为33.75%,粒径≥0.5mm的重量百分比为81.33%);花序中部种子次之(千粒重为0.086g,生活力为32.67%,空胚率为35.50%,粒径≥0.5mm的重量百分比为78.52%);花序上部种子质量最差(千粒重为0.078g,种子生活力为10.33%,空胚率为75.65%,粒径≥0.5mm的重量百分比占66.81%)。     

四川白鹅和豁眼鹅在武汉繁殖性能比较

从四川南溪县、山东莱阳市分别引进四川白鹅和豁眼鹅,在武汉地区进行饲养对比试验,分析两个不同品种在武汉地区气候条件下的繁殖性能.结果表明:四川白鹅,开产日龄263 d,产蛋持续期160 d,只均产蛋数64枚,均蛋重135.77 g,产蛋率40%,受精率86.0%,受精蛋孵化率85.8%;豁眼鹅,开产日龄298d,产蛋持续期118d,只均产蛋数38枚,均蛋重122.98g,产蛋率32%,受精率84.0%,受精蛋孵化率84.9%.二者受精蛋孵化率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),其他指标差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).实验数据说明,在武汉地区气候条件下,四川白鹅的繁殖性能优于豁眼鹅.     

子宫输卵管碘水造影257例临床X线分析及效果评估

目的通过观察不孕症患者子宫输卵管碘水造影的X表现,分析不孕症的原因。方法257例不孕症患者用50％的泛影葡胺按常规进行子宫输卵管造影术和摄片,指明其适应症及禁忌症及操作方法步骤。结果121例原发性不孕症患者中,子宫异常占30．58％,其中子宫先天畸形占21．49％,子宫结核占7．44％,输卵管异常占79.34％,输卵管炎68．60％,输卵管结核占11．57％;兼有子宫和输卵管变占9．09％。136例继发性不孕中,子宫异常占14．20％;其中子宫内膜炎11．51％,子宫结核占2．69％,输卵管病变占90．44％,其中输卵管炎占88．24％,输卵管结核3．68％,兼子宫和输卵管病变的占5．88％。结论子宫输卵管碘水造影分析了碘水造影的优缺点,突出碘水造影优于碘油。     

光稳定剂间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯的合成

研究了以苯甲酰氯和间苯二酚为原料、液碱为除酸剂,酯化合成然后精制得间苯二酚单苯甲酸酯的工艺.研究了酯化反应中温度、物料配比、pH、间苯二酚水溶液的浓度和反应时间等条件对反应的影响,获得了较佳的酯化工艺条件:苯甲酰氯与间苯二酚的摩尔比为1.15∶1;pH值为7.5;反应温度为25℃;反应时间为1.5 h;间苯二酚溶液的质量分数为10%.酯化反应收率为88.6%.考察了结晶溶剂配比、温度对产品质量和收率的影响,经实验评估得到了较佳的结晶工艺条件:结晶溶剂甲苯的体积(/mL)与初产物的质量(/g)之比为2.5∶1,结晶温度为30℃,结晶收率为95.0%.优化工艺条件下产品的总收率为84.2%.     

月桂醇马来酸单酯磺酸钠的合成

以月桂醇、马来酸酐和亚硫酸钠为原料,合成了月桂醇马来酸单酯磺酸钠．结果表明：酯化反应最佳工艺系件为n[月桂醇]：n[马来酸酐]=1．00：1．05,催化剂烷基磺酸的用量为物料总量的1％（质量分数）,于80℃下单酯化反应3h,得产率大于98％的单酯化产物．磺化反应条件以加浓度为30％的NaHSO3溶液,其加入量为马来酸酐物质的量的1．10倍,加热温度90℃下磺化反应4h最佳．产物以IR进行表证,结果表明为预期产物．     

海南黎安港纳潮量及海水交换规律研究

利用NortekAquadopp^TM水流剖面仪对黎安港口门处的潮流情况进行了28h的垂直剖面连续观测,结合潮位历史资料,分析了黎安港的潮汐特征,计算了该港的纳潮量,同时,以盐度作为标准物质,计算了海水半交换周期．结果表明：黎安港潮汐类型属于全日潮型,涨落潮历时基本相等,涨潮平均流速小于落潮平均流速;黎安港的平均纳潮量约为5．65×10^6m^3,海水半交换周期约为20．50d．由于黎安港的海水半交换周期长,泻湖内的生态平衡非常脆弱,因而易受外源和养殖自身的污染．     

杀虫剂呋喃虫酰肼的高效液相色谱分析

采用反相高效液相色谱法对呋喃虫酰肼进行定量分析.反相高效液相色谱条件:使用C18反相柱和二极管阵列检测器.以V(甲醇)+V(水)=70+30为流动相,柱温30℃,流速:1.0 mL/min,检测波长202 nm,外标法对呋喃虫酰肼的有效成分进行定量分析.结果表明呋喃虫酰肼的线性关系系数R为0.999 9,测定10%呋喃虫酰肼悬浮剂时,标准偏差为0.14,变异系数为1.29%,平均回收率为100.06%.实际样品的测定证实了该方法的可行性和可靠性.     

吸附SO2饱和活性炭纤维的微波解吸性能研究

通过微波辐照再生吸附SO2饱和的活性炭纤维的实验研究发现，连续六次吸附、解吸后，活性炭纤维吸附容量明显提高，更易被解吸，SO2回收率维持在93％以上，最终活性炭纤维的损耗率在10％以内。实验中的最佳解吸操作条件为微波辐照功率700W、辐照时间240s、空床气速0．071m／s、床层厚度40mm。结果表明，微波解吸具有解吸时间短、吸附容量恢复好、活性炭纤维损耗率较低、解吸气体浓度高、S02便于回收等优点，具有很好的经济实用性。     

干酪的质构与其成分的相关性初探

采用质构仪及感官评定的方法分析市场购买的几个品种的干酪,确定最受欢迎的干酪的质构特征及感官评价.分析干酪品种的基本成分,寻找干酪质构与其基本成分之间的相关性.结果显示,硬度、弹性及咀嚼性适中的2号瓣装芝士干酪最受欢迎,其质地参数为:硬度(N)1.198、凝聚性0.596、弹性0.984、咀嚼性(N)0.7025、黏着性(N·s)-1.156.干酪的硬度、咀嚼性与干酪的水分含量、蛋白质含量及脂肪与干物质比相关性显著.干酪硬度(Y1)、咀嚼性(Y2)随水分含量增大呈指数递减、随蛋白质含量增加呈乘幂递增;干酪硬度(Y1)随脂肪与干物质比增加呈指数递减,咀嚼性(Y2)随脂肪与干物质比呈对数递减.