高增益、恒跨导Rail-Rail CMOS运算放大器设计

设计和研究了一种高增益恒跨导Rail-Rail CMOS运算放大器,输入级采用工作在亚阈值区的互补差分形式输入结构。与以往输入结构相比,不仅使输入共模电压达到Rail-Rail,而且降低了工作电压,提高了电源利用率。利用电流开关的作用使输入跨导在输入共模范围内恒定。中间级为MOS差分结构,并且同向驱动输出级使其具有推挽特性。采用嵌套米勒频率补偿使运算放大器稳定。整个电路采用华虹0.35μmCMOS工艺参数进行设计,工作电压为3.0 V。利用OrCAD HSPICE仿真结果显示,在10 kΩ电阻和5 pF电容的负载下,运算放大的直流开环增益为110 dB,相位裕度为70°,单位增益带宽为45 MHz。     

低电压全摆幅恒跨导CMOS运算放大器的设计

给出了一种常用两级低电压CMOS运算放大器的输入级、中间增益级及输出级的原理电路图,并阐述其主要工作特性.输入级采用了NMOS管和PMOS管并联的互补差分输入对结构,使输入共模电压范围达到全摆幅（rail-to-rail）,并采用了成比例的电流镜技术以实现输入级跨导的恒定;中间增益级采用了适合低电压工作的低压宽摆幅共源共栅结构的电流镜负载,提高了输出电阻,进而提高了增益,同时更好的实现了全摆幅特性;输出级采用了高效率的推挽共源极功率放大器,使输出电压摆幅基本上可以达到全摆幅;为了保证运放的稳定性与精确性,其基准电流源采用一个带电流镜负载的差分放大器;为防止运放产生振荡,采用了带调零电阻的密勒补偿技术对运放进行频率补偿.     

一种高共模输入范围高输出电压摆幅的CMOS运算放大器

本文报道了一种具有高共模输入范围和高输出电压摆幅的ＣＭＯＳ运算放大器。为了达到高的共模输入电压范围，使用了互补差分对。输出级采用了ＡＢ类推挽输出以获得高的输出摆幅。计算机模拟结果表明，运算放大器具有７３ｄＢ的开环增益。在电源电压为±５Ｖ时，负载电阻为１０ｋΩ，输出电压摆幅为±４．８Ｖ。     

1.5 V低功耗CMOS恒跨导轨对轨运算放大器

运算放大器是模拟集成电路中用途最广、最基本的部件。随着系统功耗及电源电压的降低,传统的运算放大器已经不能满足低压下大共模输入范围及宽输出摆幅的要求。轨对轨运算放大器可以有效解决这一问题,然而传统的轨对轨运算放大器存在跨导不恒定的缺点。本文设计一种1.5V低功耗CMOS恒跨导轨对轨运算放大器,输入级采用最小电流选择电路,不仅实现了跨导的恒定,而且具有跨导不依赖于理想平方律模型、MOS管可以工作于所有区域、移植性好的优点。输出级采用前馈式AB类输出级,不仅能够精确控制输出晶体管电流,而且使输出达到轨对轨全摆幅。所设计的运算放大器采用了改进的级联结构,以减小运算放大器的噪声和失调。基于SMIC0.18μm工艺模型,利用Hspice软件对电路进行仿真,仿真结果表明,当电路驱动2pF的电容负载以及10kΩ的电阻负载时,直流增益达到83.2dB,单位增益带宽为7.76MHz,相位裕度为63°;输入输出均达到轨对轨全摆幅;在整个共模输入变化范围内跨导变化率仅为2.49%;具有较高的共模抑制比和电源抑制比;在1.5V低压下正常工作,静态功耗仅为0.24mW。     

增益可调通用高精度负载电流检测电路

为了实现量化电流检测及提高检测精度,提出了一种负载电流检测电路.通过采用具有完全对称结构的共模负反馈以及差模正反馈检测架构,实现了对由制造工艺所引起失调的良好抑制,同时在电源轨范围内可对微小误差信号具有极其稳定且任意可调的放大倍数.该电路采用30V双极-CMOS-DMOS工艺实现,仿真及实测结果证明在各工艺角下,-40°~125°温度范围内检测误差均小于±3%.     

跨导恒定性自适应的低电压Rail-to-Rail放大器

利用“较小电流选择电路”实现的低电压恒跨导Rail-to-Rail放大器输入级具有跨导gm随共模输入电压、Vcm变化小、设计简单的优点．分析了该设计思想中的两个基本假设,提出一种改进型偏置电路,“跨导稳定”部分能随工艺漂移自适应地调整gm使之保持恒定;输出阻抗高且工作压降小的恒流源部分能提高输入对管的饱和工作范围及其偏置的恒流特性,从而提高gm的恒定性．Vcm在整个VDD范围内,跨导gm变化仅3．1％。     

高转换速率恒定跨导轨对轨运算放大器的设计

基于台积电(TSMC)0.6μmCMOS(互补金属氧化物半导体)工艺设计了一款恒定跨导轨对轨输入/输出运算放大器.不同于传统的实现恒定跨导的技术,在电路设计实现上通过一个简单的检测电路,使互补差分对在整个共模输入电压变化范围内交替工作,实现了跨导恒定.同时为了得到较高的转换速率,加入了转换速率增强结构,使转换速率高达116V/μs.在Hspice仿真平台下,对运算放大器进行了模拟仿真,同时经投片验证,结果表明该轨对轨运算放大器具有良好的性能,静态功耗小于1.5mW.     

0.18μm CMOS工艺下全摆幅恒跨导放大器设计

基于标准0.18μm CMOS工艺,设计一款输入恒跨导、输出全摆幅的运算放大器.利用最小电流选择电路实现输入的恒定跨导,并采用前置Class AB的结构提高输出驱动能力,实现最大的输出摆幅;同时引入内嵌式的米勒补偿电路来保证放大器工作的稳定性.设计结果表明:在典型工艺角下,0.0~1.8V的共模输入范围内,跨导的变化仅为1.6%,输出摆幅范围为0.005~1.800V,开环增益107.9dB,相位裕度为61.2°,功耗为658.8μW.     

新型低压微功耗伪差分跨导放大器设计

本文针对全差分跨导放大器电源电压偏高、功耗较大,以及常规伪差分跨导放大器增益和共模抑制比不高的问题,采用带反相器和共模前馈的伪差分输入级、自偏置电流镜结构的输出级,以及正体偏置技术和TSMC 40nm CMOS工艺,设计一个新型低压微功耗高增益高共模抑制比的伪差分跨导放大器。Cadence Spectre仿真结果表明,在0.5V的电源电压下,该跨导放大器的开环增益为51.8dB,单位增益带宽为18.6 MHz,相位裕度为70°,共模抑制比达到135dB,电源抑制比达到107dB,而功耗仅为3μW,具有较好的综合性能,可作为大多数要求较高的前端微弱信号放大器。     

适用于OTA-C滤波器的高线性OTA的设计

设计了一种适用于OTA-C滤波器的高线性运算跨导放大器(OTA).该OTA采用新型的乘法器输入级,以获得大的线性跨导输入范围;采用一种新的共模负反馈(CMFB)策略,将主放大器输出电压线性压缩后再引入CMFB电路,以改善传统CMFB结构对OTA输出线性范围的限制.在SMIC.35 μm标准CMOS工艺下仿真,结果显示:输入级的线性跨导差分输入电压范围达到了—2～2 V,等效跨导在1 μS时,直流(DC)开环增益达到了76 dB,共模抑制比(CMRR)为140 dB,电源抑制比(PSRR)为144 dB.基于这种OTA设计了OTA-C二阶低通巴特沃斯滤波器.通过调节OTA的跨导,滤波器在1 pf的负载电容下的截止频率从11 kHz变化至419 kHz;当截止频率为100 kHz时输出为3 Vp-p@100 kHz时的总谐波失真(THD)为—47 dB.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that