期待可能性判断标准之反思与重构

期待可能性本身固有的属性决定了其判断的过程也是一个以事实为基础的规范性价值评判过程,因而必须确定一个具体、科学的适用标准方能充分发挥其自身最佳机能。目前,学界在期待可能性的判断适用标准问题上主要存在:国家标准说、行为人标准说、平均人标准说以及折中说等观点,但均不足以完满揭示期待可能性的判断标准问题。期待可能性判断标准的传统理论学说,在今天应当被清理;重建期待可能性判断标准是避免期待可能性理论惨遭滥用的一项重要工作。期待可能性判断标准的重建应当在合理揭示期待可能性成立要件的基础上,通过整合规范性技术标准和终极性价值标准进行综合的具体分析。     

期待可能性理论的适用

期待可能性是指行为人在行为之际的特定情况下,是否能够期待行为人避免犯罪行为而实施符合法律的行为。期待可能性理论的价值与风险并存。通过权衡利弊,笔者认为引入期待可能性理论对于解释和完善我国刑事立法及司法实践具有重大意义,但必须要界定、厘清该理论的适用范围及条件;并在一定范围内采取相应措施防范和降低风险。     

期待可能性与我国刑法

期待可能性,是指在行为的当时,能够期待行为人避免该犯罪行为而实施合法行为的可能性。该理论的核心在于"法不强人所难",以充分体现法律的人文关怀精神。     

期待可能性与责任判断——由许霆案引发的刑法思考

在许霆案中,法院的一审判决被民众普遍认为量刑过重。在民众充满感性色彩的责难背后,蕴含着对许霆是在银行失误所导致的巨大诱惑下实施犯罪这一情节的考量要求。这种要求在法理层面体现为把期待可能性作为刑事责任判断的规范要素,在行为人由于客观情状导致其不实施犯罪的可能性降低时,减轻甚或免除其责任。在责任判断中,把期待可能性的降低作为法官援引刑法第63条第2款对被告人超法规减轻处罚的法理根据,符合我国刑事立法规定和刑法理论旨趣。     

期待可能性理论视野下的渎职犯罪归责标准

渎职犯罪是国家机关工作人员在履行职务过程中发生的职务犯罪,尽管公务员法对履行职务过程中执行错误决定或明显违法事项的责任承担有了一定的明确,但司法实践中渎职犯罪后果的形成过程极为复杂,如不能准确地对各行为人进行归责,或归责不规范,要么打击面过宽,要么放纵犯罪,影响司法权威。期待可能性理论引入渎职犯罪研究当中,以期待可能性程度规范责任,有利于厘清渎职犯罪主体的责任,做到不枉不纵,恢复社会的认知、认同,提高司法权威,维护司法公正。     

浅论期待可能性应该引入我国犯罪论体系

期待可能性理论在大陆法系犯罪论体系中具有强大的生命力,然而在我国刑法学犯罪论体系中却没有其地位。探讨了造成这种现象的原因、有无必要将其引入我国的犯罪构成理论,以及应当如何安排它在犯罪构成理论中的地位,得出如下结论:期待可能性应该引入我国刑法理论,但是应当把握好其标准问题,采取普通人标准说。     

期待可能性理论初探

本文从期待可能性的产生与涵义入手,分析了期待可能性的法律归属、超法规的期待可能性存在的合理性及判断标准等具体问题。     

期待可能性理论新探

期待可能性理论在许多大陆法系国家或地区的刑法理论里占有相当重要的地位,并在刑事立法和司法中得以承认和采纳．近年来,我国刑法学界已有人开始涉足这一理论,但是,其诸多主张是颇值得商榷的．我国刑法应批判地继承期待可能性理论,但不能盲目扩大期待可能性理论的适用范围．     

关于期待可能性理论的探讨

期待可能性理论在大陆法系的德国、日本及我国台湾地区的法学界已得到了相当程度的确立。文章试图对期待可能性理论的有关问题与其在我国刑法中的适用作一些初步的探讨。     

论期待可能性在犯罪构成理论体系中的地位

作为大陆法系刑法学中占据主流的规范责任论的核心要素,期待可能性理论具有极其重要的影响。本文对期待可能性理论的一个方面,其在犯罪构成理论体系中的地位进行了简要分析。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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