pH值对反硝化除磷的影响

概述了SBR工艺中的反硝化除磷现象,讨论了SBR反硝化除磷工艺中pH值、碳源、聚磷菌与非聚磷菌竞争、污泥龄等影响因素。采用厌氧、缺氧SBR反应器研究了厌氧段和缺氧段pH值变化对以硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷过程的影响。结果表明,当厌氧段pH=8.0、缺氧段pH=7.0±0.1时,脱氮除磷效果最好。     

SBR反应系统中反硝化除磷的研究

通过试验研究反硝化聚磷菌在厌氧-缺氧和厌氧-好氧2个不同SBR反应系统中达到了同步脱氮除磷的效果.这一结果说明A2SBR反应系统中的聚磷菌能够利用硝酸根代替氧作为最终电子受体.聚磷菌在A/OSBR中的聚磷速率是30-70 mg P/gMLVSS.h,在A2SBR中是15-32 mg P/gMLVSS.h.     

低温环境下聚磷微生物的富集驯化研究

针对低温环境下生物强化除磷工艺的启动与运行,研究了厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧两种模式富集驯化好氧聚磷菌和反硝化聚磷菌的效果.研究表明,以城市污水处理厂活性污泥为接种污泥,在8~11℃的低温环境下能有效完成好氧和反硝化聚磷菌的富集驯化,厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧反应器分别在第40d和第80d达到稳定状态.厌氧/好氧反应器内污泥释磷和吸磷能力强于厌氧/缺氧反应器内污泥,分别为27.7 mg P/g MLVSS,35.2mg P/g MLVSS,17.4mg P/g MLVSS,23.1mg P/g MLVSS.反硝化聚磷菌可以在好氧条件下以氧为电子受体快速吸收磷,而好氧聚磷菌在缺氧环境中以硝酸盐为电子受体立即吸收磷的能力较弱,仅为6.9mgP/gMLVSS,占好氧吸磷的19.6%.厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧两个反应器富集前后聚磷菌(Accumulibacter)的丰度分别由9.3%(接种污泥)增加到79.3%(好氧聚磷菌)和61.6%(反硝化聚磷菌),同样表明了在该低温环境下两个生物强化除磷工艺均实现了Accumulibacter的有效富集.     

不同碳源培养的反硝化聚磷菌对电子受体适应性研究

采用厌氧/缺氧序批式反应器(SBR)在不同碳源(乙酸钠、丙酸钠、ρ(乙酸钠)、ρ(丙酸钠)=2∶1和ρ(乙酸钠)∶ρ(丙酸钠)=1∶2)条件下成功培养反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)，并利用静态试验研究不同碳源培养的DPB对电子受体的适应性。结果表明，不同碳源条件下DPB系统都能利用硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐脱氮除磷，但利用次序及效率不同:仅硝酸盐为电子受体时，乙酸盐含量越高，反应过程中污泥的亚硝酸盐累积量(0～6.60mg/g)和反硝化速率越高(4.02～8.58mg/(g·h))，而除磷率越低(81.1%～91.9%)；混合电子受体时吸磷总量、吸磷速率、除磷率均下降，且乙酸盐含量越高其除磷率(53.2%～73.9%)和亚硝酸盐去除率越低(34.7%～86.4%)，丙酸盐为主的DPB系统可同步利用硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐，而乙酸盐为主的DPB系统在硝酸盐消耗将尽时亚硝酸盐才被用于反硝化吸磷。     

A2/O厌氧段聚磷菌的反硝化聚磷特性

利用反硝化聚磷菌进行动态与静态相结合的反硝化聚磷试验,研究A^2/O厌氧段聚磷菌的反硝化聚磷特性。研究结果表明,在A^2/O厌氧段中占聚磷菌总数52%的菌具有同步反硝化聚磷的生物学特性。当以NO3^- -N作电子受体进行聚磷时,其硝酸盐浓度应限制在50 mg/L以下,初始硝酸盐浓度越高,反硝化速率和缺氧聚磷速率及去除率越快,系统由聚磷转变为释磷的时间将延后。由于释/聚磷过程都需要碳源,所以,应控制进水的化学耗氧量（COD）,以200 mg/L为最佳,使在释磷时有充足的碳源而在聚磷时碳源又较少。pH值对释/聚磷有不同程度的影响,在一定范围内,初始pH值越高,释磷效果越好,但当pH≥8.0时,会引起磷酸盐沉积而导致磷酸根浓度降低,从而无法正确判断释磷和生物聚磷效果,反硝化除磷系统的pH值应控制在7.0-7.5的范围内。     

厌氧反应时间对反硝化聚磷功效及微生物种群的影响

采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧序批式反应器(An/A/O-SBR),考察了不同厌氧反应时间(分别为90,120和150min)长期运行条件下的反硝化除磷效果,并利用荧光原位杂交(FISH)技术分析了系统内微生物种群的结构变化.结果发现,厌氧反应时间为90 min系统合成的聚羟基烷酸酯(PHA)量最高,脱氮和除磷平均去除率分别达到92％和93％,聚磷菌占总菌的(58±2.3)％;厌氧反应时间为120 min的系统脱氮和除磷平均去除率分别达到97％和73％,聚磷菌占总菌的(50±2.2)％.而厌氧反应时间为150min的系统合成PHA最低,平均脱氮率仅为79％,聚磷菌数量也减少至(45±2.7)％.厌氧反应时间过长致使PHA含量水平下降,继而发生游离亚硝酸(FNA)的积累,这是导致系统脱氮除磷效率降低的主要原因.     

DNPAOs的富集及其同步除磷脱氮的实验研究

采用强化除磷反应器,通过厌氧/好氧和厌氧/缺氧过程,分两阶段对硝化菌和反硝化聚磷菌(DNPAOS)进行选择和富集,形成了以二者为优势菌群的同步强化生物除磷脱氮体系。实验结果表明,体系同时存在硝化和反硝化吸磷过程,达到在废水处理过程中同时脱氮除磷的效果,经过58周期的厌氧/缺氧驯化富集,污水氨氮和总磷的去除率分别达到了93%和97%,DNPAOS占总PAOS的48%。     

低碳源下序列间歇式活性污泥法中反硝化除磷菌培养及驯化研究

采集某城市污水处理厂的A/O工艺回流活性污泥作为污泥样品,利用SBR反应器,以硝酸盐为电子受体,在低碳源下,培养和驯化反硝化除磷菌。第一阶段采用厌氧/好氧/沉淀/排水的运行方式10周期,第二阶段采用厌氧/好氧/缺氧/好氧/沉淀/排水运行方式40周期。反硝化脱氮除磷性能的测试结果表明,经培养驯化得到的反硝化除磷菌处理低碳源废水,PO43--P的去除率达96%,出水浓度稳定在0.4 mg/L以下;NH4+-N去除率达78%,出水浓度稳定在3 mg/L以下;COD的去除率达86%,出水浓度稳定在20 mg/L以下;表明采用SBR反应器进行反硝化菌的培养驯化是可行的。     

A_2N-IC工艺诱导结晶柱位置选择及投药量优化

针对传统生物脱氮除磷工艺处理生活污水时碳源不足、聚磷菌与反硝化菌对碳源存在竞争、泥龄矛盾难以协调等问题,提出了双污泥反硝化聚磷-诱导结晶磷回收新工艺.该工艺不仅可以有效提高污水脱氮除磷效率,还可实现磷资源的有效回收.针对该新型工艺,以厌氧释磷的富磷上清液为研究对象,利用对比试验优选结晶柱在生物系统中的位置,并考察结晶柱中钙盐投加量对化学除磷的影响.结果表明:从优化结晶过程p H的角度考虑,诱导结晶化学除磷系统宜放置于厌氧沉淀池后;钙盐投加量的增加并不能显著增加磷回收率,但在增加沉淀过程后,增加钙离子投加量可明显提高化学除磷量;粗糙的晶种表面更容易聚集钙磷结晶物,无定形钙磷化合物可能为结晶产物的主要前驱物.     

不同电子受体影响下的反硝化除磷过程

为进一步了解反硝化除磷菌的代谢行为,以序批式反应器(SBR)在厌氧/好氧条件下培养的活性污泥为对象,进行批次试验,研究了不同电子受体对反硝化缺氧吸磷的影响.结果证实:只要有电子受体存在,不论是硝氮(NO3--N)还是亚硝氮(NO2--N),缺氧吸磷都会发生,但NO2--N的缺氧吸磷量相对较少;反应开始时的电子受体质量浓度对反应过程影响很大,试验中NO3--N质量浓度为30mg/L、NO2--N质量浓度为20mg/L时吸磷量和吸磷速率均达到最高值;低于该值时,吸磷量和吸磷速率随着电子受体质量浓度的提高而增加;高于该值时,吸磷量和吸磷速率随着电子受体质量浓度的提高而减少;NO2--N质量浓度达80mg/L时,没有发现对反应的抑制作用;好氧吸磷效果好于缺氧吸磷.试验还发现反应器在厌氧/缺氧条件下连续运行时,反硝化除磷菌的厌氧释磷和缺氧吸磷能力将很快丧失.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that