光反射干涉生物传感器对生物医用材料蛋白质吸附研究

应用东南大学生物医学工程系吴健雄实验室研制的RIfS生物传感器,对人工合成羟基磷灰石和H50－50型聚氨酯两种材料对小牛血清白蛋白BSA、人血浆纤维蛋白原FIB和人免疫球蛋白IgG的吸附性能进行了实时原位动态研究。根据RIfS表征原理和蛋白质结构大小,引入了吸附层数计算公式,求出了2种实验材料对不同蛋白质的吸附层数。得出羟基磷灰石和H50－50型聚氨酯材料对3种蛋白质实际吸附层数分别为：IgG1.0751,BSA0.9684,FIB0.7464和IgG0．8199,BSA0.7964,FIB0.6120。证实了用RIfS生物传感器进行生物材料生物相容性研究的可行性。     

SBA-15基功能材料吸附应用研究进展

介孔SBA-15分子筛因具有较大的孔径、较高的比表面积和较厚的孔壁,在催化、吸附、分离、药物控释以及化学传感等领域得到广泛的应用。介绍了介孔分子筛的发展过程,并着重就SBA-15基功能材料在吸附应用方面的研究状况进行概述,最后展望了SBA-15功能材料未来的发展方向与应用前景。     

应用代数张量积B样条曲面构造Blending曲面

给出了一种应用代数张量积B样条曲面构造blending曲面的框架并详细讨论了二次代数曲面间blending曲面的构造方法。应用该方法可以得到一个整体C^1连续的代数样条曲面，且能够通过增加节点、约束点和逼近点等途径来调整曲面的形状，使得参数调节具有一定的几何直观性，并在复杂曲面blending问题中表现出较大的灵活性。数值实验结果说明了该方法的有效性。     

基于固定边界的直纹面构造近似可展曲面

对边界固定直纹面提出用重新参数化边界曲线的方法来提高直纹面的可展程度。首先对一类边界曲线为二次的直纹面，证明了用一次有理函数重新参数化边界曲线可以使直纹面真正可展，然后对其他的边界曲线分别为二次和三次的直纹面，给出了衡量其可展程度的目标函数，并用牛顿迭代法求出使目标函数极小的一次有理函数，用求得的一次有理函数来重新参数化边界曲线使直纹面实现近似可展。最后通过改进方法，对一些特殊情况引入了分段的一次有理函数来重新参数化边界曲线，使得直纹面的可展程度有了进一步提高。     

Copper foils with gradient structure in thickness direction and different roughnesses on two surfaces fabricated by double rolling

Copper foils with gradient structure in thickness direction and different roughnesses on two surfaces were fabricated by double rolling. The two surface morphologies of double-rolled copper foils are quite different, and the surface roughness values are 61 and 1095 nm, respectively. The roughness value of matt surface can meet the requirement for bonding the resin matrix with copper foils used for flexible printed circuit boards, thus may omit traditional roughening treatment; the microstructure of double-rolled copper foils demonstrates an obviously asymmetric gradient feature. From bright surface to matt surface in thickness direction, the average grain size first increases from 2.3 to 7.4 μm and then decreases to 3.6 μm; compared with conventional rolled copper foils, the double-rolled copper foils exhibit a remarkably increased bending fatigue life, and the increased range is about 16.2%.     

溶氧水在Fe（001）表面吸附的第一性原理研究

为了研究溶解氧含量对Fe基换热表面腐蚀行为的影响机理,根据第一性原理,对O2单分子、H2O单分子和溶氧水体系在Fe基换热表面的吸附进行了研究,采用GGA/PBE,近似计算吸附过程中的吸附能量、态密度及布居数变化。计算结果表明:含氧水溶液中溶液与Fe基表面存在表面吸附,水分子趋向于顶位吸附,氧分子趋向于Griffiths吸附;H2O分子在Fe(001)表面吸附而相互作用时,引起了界面双电层电荷分布的变化,使Fe原子失去电子带正电,导致表面电位发生变化;O2分子在Fe(001)晶面吸附时,促使Fe(001)表面原子失去电子,表面电位增加,O2分子与表面Fe原子易于发生电子转移,其中O原子的2p轨道对于O2分子在Fe(001)晶面的吸附起主要作用;随着溶氧水体系中O2分子所占比例的增大,吸附能的绝对值也随之增加,Fe基换热表面相互作用更强。研究探明了不同溶氧量对Fe基换热表面腐蚀的影响规律,为实验研究金属基体腐蚀机理提供了理论参考。     

固体表面蛋白质吸附理论研究进展

对近年来蛋白质吸附的理论研究成果进行了回顾,对所提出的蛋白质吸附模型进行了总结,分析了这些模型的适用条件和局限性.指出了蛋白质吸附研究面临的困难和需要解决的问题.     

尿素诱导的蛋白质变性现象的研究

通过对典型蛋白质变性实验结果的分析，发现在蛋白质变性研究领域中普遍使用的二态模型所描述的过程，与真实蛋白质变性过程并不相符．在分析已有的实验结果的基础上，给出了反映蛋白质变性过程特征的新表示形式．这一形式表明蛋白质分子变性是一个构象渐变的过程，同时强调在一定浓度的尿素溶液中蛋白质分子均处于相同的构象态．从尿素分子与蛋白质肽链上的相邻二肽形成双氢键的假设出发，利用吸附反应动力学方法，得到了描述蛋白质变性特征的物理量与尿素浓度关系的表示式．结果表明理论值与实验值符合较好，说明建立的模型可较好地描述尿素导致的蛋白质变性现象．     

吸附树脂对油气分子吸脱附性能实验研究*

吸附材料的性能对油气分子吸附过程起着关键性的作用。系统表征了三种吸附树脂材料(HX-1型、HX-2型和HX-3型)孔结构信息,计算了相应的标准特征吸附能,考察了其初次吸附钝化过程和动态吸附过程特性。实验结果表明,三种吸附树脂均具有丰富的微孔和介孔分布,其中HX-1型树脂的微孔孔容与微孔占有率最大,通过相应的标准吸附特征能可反映其微孔分布;三种吸附树脂的初次钝化吸附量和动态吸附量变化情况相似,均为HX-1型树脂最大,HX-2型树脂次之,HX-3型树脂最小。吸附树脂中的微孔分布决定了油气分子吸附过程,从而影响对应的吸附量。     

Glass and cellulose acetate fibers-supported boehmite nanosheets for bacteria adsorption

In this work, in situ method of producing hybrid fibrous adsorbents in which boehmite nanosheets with high sorption properties formed on the surface of hydrophilic microfibres, such as cellulose acetate and glass fibre,was described. The boehmite nanosheets were fabricated by the reaction of composite Al N/Al nanoparticles with water at 60 °C. The synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, scanning, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FT-IR), zeta-potential and specific surface area analyzers. The introduction of microfibres into a diluted aqueous suspension of nanopowders causes heteroadagulation of the nanoparticles and accelerates their further transformation. This effect is most substantial with the glass microfibre, which is thought to have a higher concentration of surface groups capable of generating hydrogen bonds that act as heteroadagulation and nucleation centres. The experimental results showed that the morphology of the resultant hybrid fibrous adsorbents differed accordingly: the nanosheets were attached on-edge to the glass microfibre surface, while on the surface of the cellulose acetate microfibre,they were secured in the form of spherical "nanoflowers" of agglomerated nanosheets. The effect of the morphology of hybrid fibrous adsorbents on adsorption bacteria Escherichia coli was also investigated.     

低浓度萘在SBA-15上吸附等温线推算

为了获取低挥发性有机物的吸附等温线,基于Langmuir方程,提出一种推算低浓度低挥发性有机物的吸附等温线的方法.脱附活化能由改进的程序升温脱附模型进行动力学分析获得,由此获得的Langmuir方程中的平衡常数B,较经典程序升温脱附模型求算值更接近本征值,且不受是否发生再吸附现象影响;饱和吸附量可结合吸附剂表征结果可得到.此方法应用于低浓度萘在SBA-15上的吸附等温线的推算,脱附活化能为58.37 kJ·mol-1,平衡常数为0.01149 Pa-1,饱和吸附量为55.11 mg·g-1,相对误差约5%,与实验值较好吻合.     

Experimental measurements and theoretical calculations of the atomic structure of materials with subangstrom resolution and picometer precision

Lattice defects are unavoidable structural units in materials and play an important role in determining material properties. Compared with the periodic structure of crystals, the atomic configurations of the lattice defects are determined by the coordinates of a large number of atoms, making it difficult to experimentally investigate them. In computational materials science, multiparameter optimization is also a difficult problem and experimental verification is usually required to determine the possibility of obtaining the structure and properties predicted by cal- culations. Using our recent studies on oxide surfaces as examples, we introduce the method of integrated aberra- tion-corrected electron microscopy and the first-principles calculations to analyze the atomic structure of lattice defects. The atomic configurations of defects were mea- sured using quantitative high-resolution electron micros- copy at subangstrom resolution and picometer precision, and then the electronic structure and dynamic behavior of materials can be studied at the atomic scale using the first- principles calculations. The two methods complement each other and can be combined to increase the understanding of the atomic structure of materials in both the time and space dimensions, which will benefit materials design at the atomic scale.     

表面改性对羟基磷灰石蛋白吸附的影响

采用原子转移自由基聚合（ATRP）在羟基磷灰石（HAP）纳米粒子表面接枝了聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）。随着接枝的PMMA含量增加,改性粒子在水溶液中的分散性增强。以牛血清白蛋白（BSA）和溶菌酶（LSZ）为吸附目标,研究了HAP和改性后的粒子（g-HAP）的蛋白质吸附性能。结果发现,g-HAP比HAP对蛋白质的单位吸...     

Protein adsorption on the poly（L-lactic acid） surface modified by chitosan and its derivatives

Surface modification of biomaterials has been adopted over the years to improve their biocompatibility. In this study, aiming to promote hydrophilicity and to introduce natural recognition sites onto poly（L-lactic acid） （PLLA） films, chitosan and its derivatives, carboxymethyl chitosan（CMC） and N-methylene phosphonic chitosan （NPC）, were used to modify the surface of PLLA films by an entrapment method. Radiolabeled （^125I） proteins were used to measure the amount of protein adsorbed to PLLA surfaces. Fibronectin （Fn） was used to study the protein adsorption on the modified PLLA surfaces, including isotherm adsorption and adsorption kinetics of single protein, competitive adsorption of binary proteins system and serum multi-proteins and the desorption behavior in serum solution. The results showed that in the isotherm adsorption, Fn had a larger adsorption capacity on the CS-modified surface at lower concentrations, but had a high adsorption capacity at CMC-modified surface at higher concentrations. In the study of absorption kinetics, Fn had a fastest adsorption equilibrium and a highest equilibrium adsorption capacity at the CS-modified surface, while it was opposite at the PCS-modified surface. When BSA and serum were added, it had the greatest effect on the adsorption of Fn on the PCS-modified surface. After 6 hours soaking in the desorpUon study, Fn had reached desorption equilibrium on all the modified surfaces, which had different effects on the desorption rate and the remaining percentage of Fn.     

Interaction of Protein and Cell with Different Chitosan Membranes

Ｃｈｉｔｉｎ ,ｗｈｉｃｈｍａｉｎｌｙｃｏｎｓｉｓｔｓｏｆ β(1→4 ) 2 ａｃｅｔａｍｉｄｏ 2 ｄｅｏｘｙ Ｄ ｇｌｕｃｏｐｙｒａｎｏｓｅｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒａｌｕｎｉｔｓ ,ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔａｂｕｎｄａｎｔｆｏｒｍｓｏｆｃａｒｂｏｈｙｄｒａｔｅｆｏｕｎｄｉｎｎａｔｕｒｅ[1] .Ｒｅｃｅｎｔｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｓｈａｖｅｅｎａｂｌｅｄｔｈｅｕｓｅｏｆｃｈｉｔｉｎａｎｄｃｈｉｔｏｓａｎｉｎｖａｓｔｌｙｄｉｖｅｒｓｅｆｉｅｌｄｓｒａｎｇｉｎｇｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｍｅｄｉｃｉｎｅａｎｄｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｉ…     

改性膨润土吸附萘的实验研究

选择双阳离子十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-四甲基溴化铵(3∶1)对膨润土进行改性.结果表明最佳吸附条件是:改性膨润土投加量25g/L,pH为6,反应温度40℃,摇床转速150r/min,吸附时间30min,此时改性膨润土对20mg/L的萘吸附率可达99.4%.改性后膨润土阳离子交换容量增加了1.6倍;红外光谱图显示,表面活性剂已经进入膨润土层间;解吸实验表明,有机膨润土是一种有效的吸附剂,能较好吸附萘.此外,有机膨润土可以同时吸附萘和磷酸盐.对萘的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温式,对磷酸盐的吸附符合Langmuir吸附等温式.     

沸石分子筛/泡沫铝平衡吸附制冷性能理论分析

基于平衡吸附理论,对一种具有高导热系数的沸石分子筛／泡沫铝复合吸附材料的吸附制冷的性能进行了理论计算,系统分析了不同厚度不同循环周期下的制冷性能,并与沸石分子筛-水吸附制冷系统性能进行了比较．结果表明使用沸石分子筛／泡沫铝复合吸附材料可以缩短系统循环周期,大幅提高单位质量吸附剂的制冷功率．     

煤矸石作为环境材料资源化再利用研究进展

煤矸石作为全球排放量最大的工业固体废弃物之一,不仅占用大量土地,还会对大气、土壤等环境造成危害。但煤矸石具有一些环境友好型性能,经预处理后可被资源化再利用为环境友好型材料。综述了目前煤矸石用作环境材料的方式及各种方式的研究进展:煤矸石对营养盐、重金属和有机物等污染物具有一定的吸附性能,预处理之后可以作为一种廉价的吸附剂;煤矸石具有一定的强度,经热活化后强度更大,因此可用作建筑再生骨料生产透水砖、透水沥青等;煤矸石中还含有大量有机质和微量元素,可以增加土壤中的腐殖酸含量,改善土壤土质,从而促进植物生长。建议:今后研究工作应倾向于对煤矸石预处理方式的改进,探索其对不同类型或多种污染物的去除效果及机理;在实际生产中应丰富破碎筛分等处理方式,形成系统的制肥工艺并得以应用;在政策上应制定更加全面的相关标准。