MAS NMR studies of modified HY zeolites

The variations in structure and acidity on the internal and external surfaces of HY zeolites modified by MgO and SiO₂ have been studied by MAS NMR, together with the selective adsorption of perfluorotributyl-amine. ²⁷Al and ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectra revealed that the modifications led to significant changes of the framework owing to the migration of some non-framework Si and Al into the framework in the course of the modifications. ¹H MAS NMR spectra showed that the modifications decreased the acidity of the zeolite surfaces. With an increasing of the loading of the oxides, the acidity of the surface decreased further. Both of the two kinds of Brönsted acidity of the MgO-modified HY zeolites decreased, particularly those in the supercages, while those of the SiO₂-modified HY zeolites decreased less, and this result is consistent with that of NH₃-TPD. From the adsorption of perfluorotributyl-amine, it was found that the acidic sites on the external surface of the HY zeolite can be completely covered by SiO₂ after being modified by the chemical liquid deposition (CLD) method.     

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ZEOLITES STUDIED BY X-RAY PHOTOELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND 29Si MAS NMR

采用光电子能谱和Si核磁共振及化学分析方法研究了五种不同分子筛钠型和钾型的化学组成.结果发现,分子筛的表面Al/(Si+Al)比和骨架Al/(Si+Al)比与其体相Al/(Si+Al)比具有一致性,其电子结构与其组成及阳离子有关.分子筛表面晶格氧碱强度与其铝含量成正比,与阳离子的电负性成反比.     

XPS和29Si MAS NMR在不同分子筛的化学组成及电子结构中的研究

采用光电子能谱和Si核磁共振及化学分析方法研究了五种不同分子筛钠型和钾型的化学组成.结果发现,分子筛的表面Al/(Si Al)比和骨架Al/(Si Al)比与其体相Al/(Si Al)比具有一致性,其电子结构与其组成及阳离子有关.分子筛表面晶格氧碱强度与其铝含量成正比,与阳离子的电负性成反比.     

不同骨架硅铝比Y分子筛热改性过程的固体NMR表征

不同次邻近铝含量可导致改性后Y分子筛酸中心性质的较大差别，较高si／Al比Y分子筛焙烧脱羟时可能出现三配位铝．随骨架Si／Al比不同，Y型分子筛脱铝形成的非骨架铝性质也有所不同．以化学环境敏感的四极核Na一为探针，证实了改性产生的非骨架Al对骨架阳离子位的环境有较大影响，这可能是B，L酸协同作用后出现增强酸性的证据．     

New evidence for microstructural evolution model of acid-activated montmorillonite

Ca-montmorillonite samples from Choushan treated at various acid concentrations were studied using chemical analysis, XRD, ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al MAS NMR, to investigate the microstructure of the activated montmorillonites. With the increase of acid concentration and dissolution of cations of montmorillonite, the intensity of d(001) decreased obviously and significant changes of the microstructure of Si and Al occurred. There were two new types of structural units of Si atoms formed: (SiO)₃SiOH units and Q⁴(0Al) units. For Al atoms, in the course of activation, the removal of one of a pair of octahedral aluminium atoms from montmorillonite removed two hydroxyl groups and left the other aluminum of the pair in the four-fold coordination. The ²⁷Al signal at δ 54.0 corresponding to Al^Ⅳ arose from the four- coordinated Al in the octahedral sheet. This study first con-firmed, by ²⁹Si and ²⁷Al MAS NMR spectra, that the model of microstructural evolution for activated montmorillonite postulated by Thomas et al. (1950) is correct.     

Preparing amphiphilic acidic zeolite via chemically coating alkylamine

Amphiphilic ODA/HY and ODA/ Hβ zeolites have been prepared via chemically coating octadecylamine (ODA) with alcohol as solvent. IR and titrimetric results indicate that ODA molecules are chemisorbed on the acidic sites in zeolite, showing the higher thermostability and alcohol-resistance. These am- phiphilic zeolites contain both the hydrophobic and hydrophilic groups, orient at the liquid-liquid phase-boundary in both cyclohexane/water and water/carbon tetrachloride systems, and exhibit the potential to be used in the phase-boundary catalysis and adsorption. No by-products with strong acid- ity are formed in this approach, therefore, it can be used to prepare amphiphilic acidic zeolites with low Si/Al ratio.     

异丙苯裂解反应动力学及HZSM—5沸石表面酸性的表征

采用脉冲微反色谱法研究在ＨＺＳＭ－５沸石上异丙苯裂解反应动力学，求是反应速率常数、活化能、吸附平衡常数和吸附热，并以该反应探针，对没硅铝比的ＨＺＳＭ－５沸石的表面酸性进行了表生上异丙苯裂解结果表明：随Ｓｉ／Ａｌ比的减少，ＨＺＳＭ－５沸石表面酸性增加。     

脱铝对SUZ-4分子筛性质的影响

为了提高SUZ-4分子筛的Si/Al比,以(NH4)2SiF6(AHFS)为脱铝剂对HK-SUZ-4分子筛脱铝进行研究.采用XRD、MAS-NMR、FT-IR、EDS和N2吸附等技术手段对脱铝的SUZ-4进行表征.结果表明,HK-SUZ-4分子筛经(NH4)2SiF6(AHFS)脱铝后Si/Al比升高,而且SUZ-4脱铝程度随着AHFS浓度的升高而增大.脱铝前后的SUZ-4分子筛表面酸中心以B酸为主.随着脱铝程度升高,SUZ-4分子筛表面B酸中心量和总酸量均逐渐减少,甲醇脱水活性降低.     

超稳化后的冷却速率对US-SSY分子筛结构和性能的影响

应用X射线粉末衍射、29Si、27Al魔角旋转核磁共振、低温氮吸附、129Xe核磁共振、X射线光电子能谱、程序升温脱附和脉冲微反等多种物理、化学手段，详细考察了经高温水蒸汽处理后的超稳Y分子筛在急冷和自冷过程中产生的结构和性能差异，结果表明，冷却速率是制备分子筛必要的控制因素．     

杂原子介孔分子筛MCM-41的合成与表征

制备纯硅的介孔分子筛MCM-41，具有不同Si／Al的Al-MCM-41，以及含有B原子和Ti原子的B-Al-MCM-41和Ti-MCM-41的试样。小角X射线粉末衍射(XRD)分析表明，样品均具有MCM-41的结构特征，N2吸脱附研究表明，样品呈现Ⅳ型吸附等温线，具有孔径分布均一的中孔结构。利用^27Al MAS NMR研究了试样中Al的化学环境。结果表明，随铝含量的增加，四配位骨架铝和六配位骨架外铝同时增多，并且由非骨架四配位铝或骨架扭曲四配位铝所产生的“不可观察铝”也增多。     

Microstructure and cementitious properties of calcined clay-containing gangue

To investigate the optimum calcination temperature and cementitious properties of gangue, the microstructure of clay-containing gangue calcined at different temperatures was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), and magnetic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR). The results show that the structure of kaolinite in the gangue sample calcined at 500℃ is destroyed. The XRD spectra show the disappearance of illite at about 800℃ and the formation ofmullite at about 1000℃. With the increase in calcination temperature, octahedral (6-coordinated) aluminum is transformed to tetrahedral (4-coordinated) aluminum gradually. For the gangue sample calcined at 700℃, the 29Si MAS NMR sharp peak of Q4 (framework silicate-quartz) is left. Compared with kaolinite in gangue, the thermal transformed temperature of pure kaolinite is lagged. On the basis of the microstructure and cementitious properties of calcined gangue, the results can be concluded, in order to obtain metakaolinite, the optimum calcination temperature of this gangue is about 500℃, and the optimum temperature is about 700℃ for activated SiO₂ and Al₂O₃.     

Structural state of adularia from Hishikari, Japan

Adularia sample was collected from epithermal Au-, Ag-bearing quartz-adularia veins from Hishikari, Japan. This adularia is rich in K, Or=94.63, clear, transparent, fine-grained and closely associated with quartz. In this study, it was determined by XRD, IR and²⁹Si,²⁷Al MAS NMR methods. The adularia studied is of high sanidine with triclinic domains in it. The occupancy of Al 2t₁=0.60, IR ordering θ=0.15.²⁹Si NMR spectrum of this adularia shows a broad triplet peak, i.e. 3 poorly separated peaks at −94.9, −96.7, −99.9. This kind²⁹Si NMR spectrum for natural high sanidine has never been reported before. And the²⁷Al NMR spectrum gives an asymmetry peak with chemical shift at 58.7 extending slightly to the low frequency. Under a violent boiling environment, Hishikari adularia rapidly crystallized from a supersaturated solution.     

中孔分子筛FeMCM－41的合成与表征

水热法直接合成了中孔材料ＦｅＭＣＭ－４１分子筛；通过ＸＲＤ，骨架ＩＲ，ＥＳＲ，紫外漫反射（ＤＲＳ），~２９ＳｉＭＡＳＮＭＲ等测试，表明铁处在分子筛骨架上，同时考察了ＦｅＭＣＭ－４１的热稳定性、吸附量和酸性。     

模板分子四甲基乙基二胺在丝光沸石、ZSM－5及ZSM－35孔道中的位置及模板分子与骨架的相互作用

用化学分析、粉末Ｘ射线衍射、傅里叶红外吸收光谱、热失重及差热分析、１３Ｃ魔角固体核磁交叉极化（ＣＰ）及高功率去偶（ＨＰＤＥＣ）谱对由模板分子四甲基乙基二胺（ＴＭＥＤＡ）导向合成的高硅沸石ＺＳＭ－５、ＺＳＭ－３５及丝光沸石进行研究，揭示了该模板分子在沸石孔道中的位置、运动状态及模板分子与骨架的相互作用．     

AgHY分子筛的吸附脱硫性能

以等体积浸渍法制备不同负载量的AgHY分子筛,利用物理吸附仪和X射线衍射(XRD)技术对分子筛吸附剂进行表征.BET结果表明改性分子筛的比表面积和孔容随Ag的负载量的增加而降低,XRD图谱的变化表明,银的负载仅降低了衍射峰强度,而对HY的骨架结构没有影响,并且也没有Ag2O的特征峰出现.在静态吸附条件下考察了改性AgHY分子筛吸附剂对二苯并噻吩(DBT)的脱除性能.结果表明,Ag改性的HY分子筛具有较好的吸附脱硫性能和再生性能.应用Ag负载量为10%的Ag10HY吸附剂,在吸附时间2h、吸附温度60℃的条件下,二苯并噻吩的脱除率可达90%,硫含量由最初的330μg·g-1降至33 μg·g-1.吸附后的Ag10HY吸附剂在温度400℃、空气介质中再生后,吸附脱除效果仍可达到89.4%.     

HZSM-5分子筛的改性及其催化裂解废轮胎制备低碳烯烃

用不同浓度氢氧化钠溶液对硅铝比为200的商业HZSM-5分子筛进行了扩孔改性,利用粉末X射线衍射、扫描电镜、NH₃程序升温脱附和N₂吸脱附对改性分子筛的晶体结构、孔结构、形貌和酸性进行了表征,考察了改性HZSM-5分子筛在催化裂解废轮胎反应中的性能.结果表明,通过改变氢氧化钠溶液的浓度,可以一定程度调控分子筛晶体的孔结构和酸量.随着碱浓度增大,改性HZSM-5分子筛平均孔径增大,而介孔孔容和酸量先增加后减少.经0.4 mol/L氢氧化钠溶液改性处理后的HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,介孔孔容及酸量最大,其催化裂解废轮胎低碳烯烃选择性最高,达到了32.39%,远高于商业HZSM-5分子筛.      

P/HZSM-5分子筛催化乙醇脱水制备乙烯

采用浸渍法制备一系列P/HZSM-5分子筛催化剂,考察P含量对乙醇脱水制备乙烯的影响,并以X线衍射（XRD）、N₂吸附脱附（BET）、²⁷AL核磁共振(²⁷AL MAS NMR)等表征手段研究了P物种对HZSM-5分子筛结构和酸性质的影响。结果表明:H₃PO₄的添加会在某种程度上促进骨架四面体Al原子的脱离,从而有效地降低催化剂酸强度,进而减弱了催化剂的活性,但有利于延长使用寿命。结合NH₃-TPD表征结果,P的添加量控制在2.0%比较合适。     

Synthesis of kalsilite from microcline powder by an alkali-hydrothermal process

The properties of aluminosilicate kalsilite have attracted the interest of researchers in chemical synthesis, ceramic industry, biofuels, etc. In this study, kalsilite was hydrothermally synthesized from microcline powder in a KOH solution. The microcline powder, rich in potassium, aluminum, and silicon, was collected from Mountain Changling in Northwestern China. The effects of temperature, time, and KOH concentration on the decomposition of microcline were investigated. The kalsilite and intermediate products were characterized by means of wet chemistry analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrometry (IR), 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (29Si MAS NMR), 27Al MAS NMR, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). With increasing temperature, the microcline powder transforms into a metastable KAlSiO₄ polymorph before transforming further into pure kalsilite. A mixture of both kalsilite and metastable KAlSiO₄ polymorph is obtained when the hydrothermal reaction is carried out within 2 h; but after 2 h, kalsilite is the predominant product. The concentration of KOH, which needs to be larger than 4.3 M, is an important parameter influencing the synthesis of kalsilite.     

异丙苯歧化反应中催化剂酸性和孔结构作用分析

系统研究了分子筛催化剂和层状催化剂上的异丙苯歧化反应.结果表明,催化剂酸性和孔结构共同决定异丙苯歧化反应活性和选择性.其中,Hβ活性高于HY归因于Hβ酸性高于HY.而与Hβ和HY相比,HZSM-5酸性最强,孔径最小,反应的择形性使其反应历程不同于Hβ和HY,活性和歧化选择性均较Hβ和HY低.MCM-41和层状催化剂α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP)、混合金属氧化物柱撑α-磷酸锆(α-ZrP/Al-Cr)、四水硫酸锆(Zr(SO4)2*4H2O)和层状表面相锆基固体酸催化剂(Zr(SO4)2*4H2O/SiO2)因较Hβ、HY和HZSM-5弱酸性而均表现出较低的异丙苯歧化反应活性.同时,二异丙苯的形成是高度择形的,催化剂孔道越大,间位与对位二异丙苯的摩尔比越大.     

β沸石酸改性对结构和催化活性影响的研究

利用红外光谱和正丁胺滴定相结合，研究了Hβ沸石的盐酸脱铝过程。红外光谱的结果表明，稀盐酸溶液主要脱除非骨架铝和过渡态铝，浓盐酸溶液还可以脱除Hβ沸石的骨架铝。正丁胺滴定的结果发现酸洗Hβ沸石的总酸量在一定范围内与盐酸浓度呈线性关系，由此可计算Hβ沸石中的骨架铝和非骨架铝含量，以及酸脱铝Hβ沸石中酸量按强度的变化状况。为考察盐酸脱铝Hβ沸石的催化性能，文中还用脉冲微反技术讨论了脱铝过程对邻二甲苯异构化反应性能的影响。结果发现催化反应活性最大值点对应的盐酸浓度约为0.04mol/L。