胡鞍钢：五大资本推动中国发展

一个国家或者一个企业发展的基础我们称之为一个国家或一个企业的资本，以往认为资本主要是物质资本。世界银行在2000年首次提出，一个国家或者一个企业，它的发展是依靠三大资本，即所谓人力资本、物质资本和自然资本。我们对这个分析框架做了一个改进，增加了两大资本：一个叫“国际资本”，反映一个国家、地区，或一个企业如何有效率地利用全球资本；另一个是“知识资本”。因为我们认为它是一个国家、一个地区或一个企业在21世纪竞争中最重要的资本。     

浅谈语文教学创新意识的培养中教师的作用

素质教育的一个核心就是创新教育，培养创新能力。语文课由于其学科特点，具备了培养学生创新思维的条件，是培养学生创新思维的良好途径。在语文课上，教师应为创造而教，学生应为创造而学。教师要勇于解放自己的教学个性，敢于在教学中探索创造；要还学生以学习自主权，给学生一个较为宽松的环境，让学生亲自去实践，亲自去思考，亲自去创造，适时调整自身扮演的角色，要善于做一个指路的，一个鼓舞者，一个启迪者，一个和学生共同学习的参与者，让学生自由地思考，自主地创造，建一个自己的语文王国。     

有向哈密顿回路问题的一个充分条件及其多项式验证算法

利用自动机理论研究有向哈密顿回路问题，提出一个多项式复杂度的算法验证有向哈密顿回路问题的一个充分条件.更具体地说，将有向图建模为一个自动机，并在自动机的基础上形式化了哈密顿图的相关概念，然后提出了一个多项式复杂度的算法，检验一个自动机标记的语言的子集是否满足真子集的一个充分条件.在该算法的基础上，提出了一个多项式复杂度的算法检验哈密顿图的一个充分条件并找出相应的哈密顿回路.特别地，给出了一个判断有向图是否是哈密顿图的充分条件和一个判断有向图中的一条回路是否是哈密顿回路的充分条件.     

科技热词扫描

“数字城市”（digital city）是一个概念，它是“数字地球”的一个组成部分，可以看作是一个系统工程或发展战略，但不能看作是一个项目或一个系统。“数字城市”是一个庞大的系统工程，它是城市发展和社会信息化的必然趋势，也是城市发展的新的经济增长点。     

“健康之声”—青少年的保健医

一个国家一个民族，如果不掌握现代科学，没有先进的科学技术，一打就垮；一个国家一个民族，缺少了拥有健康体魄的人民特别是青少年，这个国家和民族就会不打自垮，更不必说国家和民族的希望与未来了!     

看门狗应用小结

看门狗，又叫watchdog timer,是一个定时器电路，一般有一个输入，叫喂狗，一个输出到MCU的RST端，MCU正常工作的时候，每隔一端时间输出一个信号到喂狗端，给WDT清零，如果超过规定的时间不喂狗，（一般在程序跑飞时），WDT定时超过，就回给出一个复位信号到MCU，是MCU复位．防止MCU死机．看门狗的作用就是防止程序发生死循环．或者说程序跑飞。     

让课堂闪烁着人文的光彩

中国科学院院士周光召先生说：“教育的目的首先是教会做人，做一个大写的人，一个不仅有谋生技能，能享受物质生活的人，而且同时做一个有高尚道德的人、一个脱离了低级趣味的人、一个追求智慧和真理的人、一个有创新思维和坚强性格的人、一个不断促进社会和人类自身进步的人。”因此，语文是一门人文学科，语文教师应在语文课堂中努力探究、挖掘语文学科的人文精神，提高学生的人文素质。     

帕金森定律

帕金森经过多年调查研究，发现一个人做一件事所耗费的时间差别如此之大：他可以在10分钟内看完一份报纸，也可以看半天；一个忙人20分钟可以寄出一叠明信片，但一个无所事事的老太太为了给远方的外甥女寄张明信片，可以足足花一整天：找明信片一个钟头，寻眼镜一个钟头，查地址半个钟头，写问候的话一个钟头零一刻钟……特别是在工作中，工作会自动地膨胀，占满一个人所有可用的时间，如果时间充裕，他就会放慢工作节奏或是增添其他项目以便用掉所有的时间。     

熵定律对不同体系的应用

熵定律是物理化学中一个重要定律，也是自然界中一个重要定律。本文应用熵定律讨论了生物新陈代谢过程，讨论了一个单位、一个地区，甚至一个国家经济发展的规律。从熵定律的角度说明只有开放体系，大量引进负熵流，尽量降低熵产生，使总熵减少，才能增强发展活力，成长状大、经济繁荣。     

卫星的“后事”

9月底，有媒体报道，一颗美国报废卫星近日坠落地球，其中一些碎片可能坠落到格鲁吉亚一户人家家里。据报道，这户人家住在格鲁吉亚中部一个城市，当地时间23日傍晚，他们发现一些金属碎片掉落在自家院子里。这些金属碎片并不大，只有几厘米长，其中一个碎片落在餐桌上，把桌布烧出一个洞，另外一个碎片击中一个塑料杯，导致塑料杯冒烟。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~