高分子复杂流体中的图样生成与选择

结合高分子体系中的图样（形态）生成、选择及其动力学研究的发展介绍了在高分子共混物，嵌段共聚高分子，含液晶高分子共混体系的相分离动力学方面，以及在高分子复杂流体中的图样生成及其动力学方面的研究工作。     

高分子液晶的二维构象和有序性质

将二维高分子液晶的统计问题转化为本征函数为马丢函数的扩散过程，进而讨论其构象以及有序性和相变．理论表明，二维向列相（Ｎ）高分子的构象通常是棒状模型，在各向同性相（Ｉ）时为无规行走模型．其Ｎ－Ｉ相变伴随着构象的棒状－无规线团转变。Ｎ－Ｉ相变是一级的，相变温度为８／９（ａ是色散力系数，ε是弯曲弹性系数），相应的序参数为１／３。     

小分子溶剂与液晶高分子相平衡理论研究（I）

从热力学角度研究了小分子溶剂与高分子混合体系的溶液－－液晶相平衡性质。研究发现，高分子链越长，形成液晶的极阴浓度越小；当高边节小于４．２时，体系不可能形成液晶。     

小分子溶剂与液晶高分子相平衡的理论研究（Ⅱ）

从理论上研究了小分子溶剂与液晶高分子混合体系完整的相平衡行为。发现高分子链七数取不同值时相图不同，随ｒ２由小变大，混合体系的ｘ１２－ψ相图由单纯的液－液两相平衡过渡到由液－液平衡和液－液晶平衡组成，最后变化到只剩液－液晶平衡。     

非线性群子统计理论考察高分子合金的相分离现象

从统计热力学的角度出发,应用非线性群子统计理论,对高分子合金体系平衡态相分离行为进行了理论研究,建立了二元高分子合金体系的非线性群子统计模型,推导出该体系的相分离方程。在理论和实践的基础上对二元高分子合金体系的相图进行了系统分类,并模拟了若干文献中的相图,得到了与实际曲线相当吻合的理论模拟曲线。     

链的柔顺性对高分子交联网溶胀及相分离影响

通过对高分子极稀溶液体系得到的高分子交联网络进行理论计算,分析了高分子链的柔顺性对高分子交联网在溶剂或增塑剂中的溶胀及体系相分离影响.并对非极性高分子交联网的相分离条件进行了分析.结果表明:在网状交联体系中溶剂的平衡浓度比线性高分子溶液的高;随着链的柔顺性提高,交联网的溶胀度降低.     

液晶高分子黏弹流体材料的本构关系研究

讨论了液晶高分子黏弹流体材料受力与形变的关系即本构关系,在液晶高分子各向异性粘弹流体的本构理论基本理论原理的基础上,提出改进液晶高分子流体共转模型Oldroyd B（LCP-B）的本构方程．     

生物聚合物驱油体系流变性研究

考察了盐、碱、表面活性剂及实验温度对生物聚合物（黄胞胶）驱油体系流变性的影响．研究结果表明，生物聚合物与阴离子表面活性剂（石油磺酸盐）相互作用强烈．在流变性方面体现出良好的协同效应，这种协同效应对低界面张力—流度控制复合驱十分有利．对几类生物聚合物驱油体系，包括聚合物驱、碱－聚合物驱、碱－表面活性剂－聚合驱的不同配方的而变性考察结果表明，在常用的几种描述聚合物溶液流变性的模型中，幂律模型（Ｏｓｔｗａｌｄ模型）的相关性最好     

含柔性间隔基团的主链型液晶高分子的分子场理论

研究了主链型液晶高分子中柔性间隔基因对聚合物结构和液晶性的影响规律。提出含柔性间隔基因液晶高分子中介品单元分子内取向的模型，及分子内取向分布和取向有序度参数等概念。探讨了分子内取向有序度参数和大分子中化学键的键角，内旋转二面角，内旋转位能等的定量关系。在上述概念和模型的基础上，提出了含柔性间隔基团液晶高分子的分子场理论。由此可从键角，内旋转二面角，内旋转位垒等结构参数计算液晶相变温度ＴＮＩ，取向有序度参数和热力学函数等。对上述理论的计算方法及应用也进行了讨论。理论和计算能较好地说明柔性间隔基团对ＴＮＩ等影响的规律。     

液晶高分子共转Oldroyd流体B模型研究

利用液晶高分子共转模型理论，探讨液晶高分子流体纺丝拉伸初步机制，推导出了测粘拉伸流动的法向应力差和拉伸粘度的解析表达式，得出了拉伸粘度和主拉伸速率随其它参数变化曲线，对纺丝拉伸过程的工艺控制有一定的指导意义。     

取向向列型液晶的VV—VH Raman散射

把只适用于各向同性系统的振动和转动相关函数分离理论推广到各向异性的取向向列型液晶中,并用MBBA在液晶相进行VV-VH实验,分离出振动和转动相关函数,分别研究其振动和转动弛豫。     

向列相液晶由分子相互作用引起的相变

考虑一双轴性液晶分子简单相互作用模型，利用平均场理论，得到了从各向同性相至单轴向列相以及从单轴向列相至双轴向列相的相变．     

梳型高分子聚合物液晶的相变

利用Freiser关于液晶分子相互作用模型,建立了梳型高聚物分子的哈密顿量,适用变分程序导出高聚物液晶结合相序参数自洽方程,得到在给定分子结构参数时的各向同性相至单轴向列相以及单轴至双轴向列相的相变。结果表明,当分子主、侧链间隔基团的耦合项中排斥作用以及结合相中较强向列相场者强度增大时,单轴至双轴向列相相变温度升高,并从一级相变逐渐变为二级相变。     

Transparent nematic phase in a liquid-crystal-based microemulsion

Complex fluids are usually produced by mixing together several distinct components, the interactions between which can give rise to unusual optical and rheological properties of the system as a whole. For example, the properties of microemulsions (composed of water, oil and surfactants) are determined by the microscopic structural organization of the fluid that occurs owing to phase separation of the component elements. Here we investigate the effect of introducing an additional organizing factor into such a fluid system, by replacing the oil component of a conventional water-in-oil microemulsion with an intrinsically anisotropic fluid--a nematic liquid crystal. As with the conventional case, the fluid phase-separates into an emulsion of water microdroplets (stabilized by the surfactant as inverse micelles) dispersed in the 'oil' phase. But the properties are further influenced by a significant directional coupling between the liquid-crystal molecules and the surfactant tails that emerge (essentially radially) from the micelles. The result is a modified bulk-liquid crystal that is an ordered nematic at the mesoscopic level, but which does not exhibit the strong light scattering generally associated with bulk nematic order: the bulk material here is essentially isotropic and thus transparent.     

Colloidal ordering from phase separation in a liquid-crystalline continuous phase

Some binary mixtures exist as a single phase at high temperatures and as two phases at lower temperatures; rapid cooling therefore induces phase separation that proceeds through the initial formation of small particles and subsequent growth and coarsening. In solid and liquid media, this process leads to growing particles with a range of sizes, which eventually separate to form a macroscopically distinct phase. Such behaviour is of particular interest in systems composed of an isotropic fluid and a liquid crystal, where the random distribution of liquid-crystal droplets in an isotropic polymer matrix may give rise to interesting electro-optical properties. Here we report that a binary mixture consisting of an isotropic fluid and a liquid crystal forming the continuous phase does not fully separate into two phases, but self-organizes into highly ordered arrays of monodisperse colloidal droplet chains. We find that the size and spatial organization of the droplets are controlled by the orientational elasticity of the liquid-crystal phase and the defects caused by droplets exceeding a critical size. We expect that our approach to forming monodisperse, spatially ordered droplets in liquid crystals will allow the controlled design of ordered composites that may have useful rheological and optical properties.     

向列相液晶自由能密度的拓扑结构

通过对经典向列相液晶自由能密度表达式的深入分析,添加了一项代表液晶缺陷自由能的表面项.利用Φ映射方法和拓扑流理论研究了集中在缺陷处的自由能密度的表达式.结果显示,缺陷自身的自由能密度是以1/2kπ为单位拓扑量子化的,且拓扑量子数由Hopf指数和Brouwer度决定.进一步给出了一些不同向错强度下缺陷附近的液晶分子的分布构形.     

海藻酸钠溶致液晶行为的研究

本文用激光散射技术，偏光显微镜、熔点偏光显微镜及Ｘ－光衍射等方法剖析了海藻酸钠水溶液聚集态结构，它表现出明显的向列型液晶态特征。升温或降低浓度，液晶行为分别增强或减弱。存放导致溶液分层，上清液各向异性小于下层混浊液，经离心处理，这种差异增大。存放还引起粘度下降，估计这与液晶生成会使粘度下降有关。离心后的上清液在存放中会再度出现混浊，久置后再度分层，由此推测可能存在向列型液晶－各向同性相平衡。     

十字形液晶分子系统各向同性相至双轴向列相的相变

本文考虑十字形液晶分子组成的系统,假设分子间相互作用为棒与棒相互作用的叠加,且相互作用强度系数彼此独立.利用平均场理论,得到系统在温度和分子结构参数平面内的3类相图:第一类相图中只有一个直接由各向同性相进入双轴相的Landau点,相变为二级相变.第二类相图中Landau点扩展为Landau曲线,为一级相变.第三类相图中...     

Light-induced liquid crystallinity

Liquid crystals are traditionally classified as thermotropic, lyotropic or polymeric, based on the stimulus that governs the organization and order of the molecular system. The most widely known and applied class of liquid crystals are a subset of thermotropic liquid crystals known as calamitic, in which adding heat can result in phase transitions from or into the nematic, cholesteric and smectic mesophases. Photoresponsive liquid-crystal materials and mixtures can undergo isothermal phase transitions if light affects the order parameter of the system within a mesophase sufficiently. In nearly all previous examinations, light exposure of photoresponsive liquid-crystal materials and mixtures resulted in order-decreasing photo-induced isothermal phase transitions. Under specialized conditions, an increase in order with light exposure has been reported, despite the tendency of the photoresponsive liquid-crystal system to reduce order in the exposed state. A direct, photo-induced transition from the isotropic to the nematic phase has been observed in a mixture of spiropyran molecules and a nematic liquid crystal. Here we report a class of naphthopyran-based materials that exhibit photo-induced conformational changes in molecular structure capable of yielding order-increasing phase transitions. Appropriate functionalization of the naphthopyran molecules leads to an exceedingly large order parameter in the open form, which results in a clear to strongly absorbing dichroic state. The increase in order with light exposure has profound implications in optics, photonics, lasing and displays and will merit further consideration for applications in solar energy harvesting. The large, photo-induced dichroism exhibited by the material system has been long sought in ophthalmic applications such as photochromic and polarized variable transmission sunglasses.