Cir X-1的时变性质

利用RXTE在不同时期的观测数据,分析了Cir X-1功率密度谱和交叉谱。功率密度谱表明,如果Cir X-1是Z源,那么所采用的数据将处于Z源的不同态,即垂直水平分支态、水平分支态、正常分支态和耀斑分态。各个态上的交叉谱显示,随着吸积率的变化,Cir X-1的交叉谱由硬向软转化,这和Cir X-1在一个完整Z形状上的时变性质一致。     

The flux of small near-Earth objects colliding with the Earth

Asteroids with diameters smaller than approximately 50-100 m that collide with the Earth usually do not hit the ground as a single body; rather, they detonate in the atmosphere. These small objects can still cause considerable damage, such as occurred near Tunguska, Siberia, in 1908. The flux of small bodies is poorly constrained, however, in part because ground-based observational searches pursue strategies that lead them preferentially to find larger objects. A Tunguska-class event-the energy of which we take to be equivalent to 10 megatons of TNT-was previously estimated to occur every 200-300 years, with the largest annual airburst calculated to be approximately 20 kilotons (kton) TNT equivalent (ref. 4). Here we report satellite records of bolide detonations in the atmosphere over the past 8.5 years. We find that the flux of objects in the 1-10-m size range has the same power-law distribution as bodies with diameters >50 m. From this we estimate that the Earth is hit on average annually by an object with approximately 5 kton equivalent energy, and that Tunguska-like events occur about once every 1,000 years.     

Multiple ionization of atom clusters by intense soft X-rays from a free-electron laser

Intense radiation from lasers has opened up many new areas of research in physics and chemistry, and has revolutionized optical technology. So far, most work in the field of nonlinear processes has been restricted to infrared, visible and ultraviolet light, although progress in the development of X-ray lasers has been made recently. With the advent of a free-electron laser in the soft-X-ray regime below 100 nm wavelength, a new light source is now available for experiments with intense, short-wavelength radiation that could be used to obtain deeper insights into the structure of matter. Other free-electron sources with even shorter wavelengths are planned for the future. Here we present initial results from a study of the interaction of soft X-ray radiation, generated by a free-electron laser, with Xe atoms and clusters. We find that, whereas Xe atoms become only singly ionized by the absorption of single photons, absorption in clusters is strongly enhanced. On average, each atom in large clusters absorbs up to 400 eV, corresponding to 30 photons. We suggest that the clusters are heated up and electrons are emitted after acquiring sufficient energy. The clusters finally disintegrate completely by Coulomb explosion.     

Discovery of X-rays from the protostellar outflow object HH2

Herbig-Haro (HH) objects have been known for 50 years to be luminous condensations of gas in star-forming regions, but their underlying physical nature is still being elucidated. Previously suggested models encompass newborn stars, stellar winds clashing with nebular material, dense pockets of interstellar gas excited by shocks from outflows, and interstellar 'bullets' (ref. 6). Recent progress has been made with the jet-induced shock model, in which material streams out of young stellar objects and collides with the surrounding interstellar medium. A clear prediction of this model is that the most energetic Herbig-Haro objects will emit X-rays, although they have not hitherto been detected. Here we report the discovery of X-ray emission from one of the brightest and closest Herbig-Haro objects, HH2, at a level consistent with the model predictions. We conclude that this Herbig-Haro object contains shock-heated material located at or near its leading edge with a temperature of about 106 K.     

慢性精神病患者感染肺结核的胸部X线分析

目的：探讨胸部X线检查对慢性精神病患者感染肺结核的诊断价值。方法：对2007年至2010年慢性精神病住院患者胸部X线检查中发现符合ICD-10诊断标准的78例肺结核患者的胸部X线影像学特征进行分析。结果：78例肺结核感染者占同期慢性精神病住院患者的4.0%,结核病灶多位于上中肺野,以继发性肺结核最多,占73.1%（57/78）,病变的影像表现多样,以多形态混合存在为主。结论：慢性精神病住院患者是肺结核的易感群体,应定期行胸部X线检查,对肺结核感染者进行必要的隔离和相应的治疗。     

基于T矩阵法的水下任意刚硬体声散射场计算

针对水下任意形状刚硬体,建立了其声散射T矩阵法计算模型.利用物体的几何对称性,提出了简化计算Q矩阵的方法.以刚硬回旋椭球体为例,分别计算了在不同入射角下的反向散射和收发分置的形态函数,并讨论了刚硬体的镜反射波和绕行波的干涉物理模型.数值仿真结果表明T矩阵法是一种很简便实用的计算水下物体远场散射的方法,该方法可以广泛用于水下任意形状刚硬体的声散射场计算.     

Cyg X-1 X射线短暴特性与康普顿化模型的比较

为了解释致密天体高能辐射的时延现象和能谱等特征,多种致密天体X射线辐射源的理论模型先后被提出。但是,目前尚没有一种模型能够完全解释X射线的高能辐射现象,即现有的理论模型还不够完善。通过对X射线辐射源时延现象和短暴半高宽随能量变化这两个特性的讨论,并尝试将Cyg X-1的观测结果与康普顿化模型进行比较,对原模型给出更多的限制从而建立更为合理的新模型。