各向同性煤沥青制备炭/石墨纤维的研究

以各向同性煤沥青为原料,采用熔融纺丝工艺制备了直径为55μm的沥青纤维,经预氧化、炭化和石墨化处理后得到炭纤维和石墨纤维,并采用偏光显微镜、XRD和SEM等对其形貌、结构和性能进行表征。结果表明,炭/石墨纤维具有与沥青原料相似的各向同性光学结构;随热处理温度升高,炭/石墨纤维截面逐渐变粗糙,且内部石墨微晶逐步发育并长大,3 000℃下石墨化纤维微晶增大较明显,其堆积高度和平面尺寸分别约为5nm和11nm;1 600℃炭化纤维的力学性能较好,其拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别达到0.57GPa和32.19GPa,进一步提高热处理温度,纤维拉伸强度逐步降低,但是其杨氏模量逐渐增加,3 000℃石墨化纤维的拉伸强度和杨氏模量分别为0.26GPa和40.57GPa;炭/石墨纤维室温轴向电阻率随热处理温度的升高而降低,1 000℃炭化纤维室温轴向电阻率为47.78μΩ.m,3 000℃石墨化纤维室温轴向电阻率降至21.98μΩ.m。     

纳米ATO复合导电涂料的研制

制备了一种以纳米ATO导电粉为填料,醇酸树脂为基体的复合型导电涂料,讨论了ATO的含量、偶联剂种类、固化工艺以及溶剂对涂层导电性能的影响.结果表明,加入60%～65%纳米ATO导电粉,选择钛酸酯偶联剂NTC-401,以5%的用量预处理粉体填料,涂层在50℃的温度下2d后完全固化,涂料的导电性能较好,表面电阻率为103Ω·cm-2.     

生态型木纤维吸油材料的制备与研究

以杉木为原料,经蒸煮、纤维帚化疏解、热解处理制备出生态型木纤维吸油材料.研究了吸油材料的吸油性能及其与热处理温度、抽出物的关系等问题.结果表明,经过350℃热处理试样的吸油量最大、吸水量最小,吸油量与吸水量比值高达77.5,是原料用蒸煮纤维的10倍以上.蒸煮纤维在200~500℃热处理时,试样的热水抽出物与1%NaOH抽出物含量随热解温度升高而减少,苯醇抽出物含量则在200~250℃时减少,300℃时增大,400℃后急剧减少.研究表明,纤维表面的亲油性物质对吸油能力有重要影响.     

溶胶凝胶法制备Sb掺杂SnO2透明导电膜的结构与性能研究

在乙醇溶剂中,以无机金属盐SnCl2.2H2O和SbCl3为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Sb掺杂的SnO2透明导电薄膜(ATO),研究了Sb掺杂量和热处理温度对薄膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,热处理温度为500℃、Sb掺杂摩尔百分比为15%～20%时,薄膜具有较好的结晶性能、好的导电性能、较高的可见光区透射率和红外光区反射率。     

ATO粉体的制备工艺及其导电性能的研究

以SnCl4·5H2O和SbCl3为原料,采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米ATO粉体,考察了pH值、氨水体积比、锑的掺杂量、煅烧温度及煅烧时间对粉体导电性能的影响.运用DDS-12A型数显电导率仪测试了ATO粉体的电导率,运用了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等测试方法对粉体的晶型、粒径及形貌进行了表征.研究结果表明,氨水体积比为1∶3,pH值为8,煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间4 h时所制备的纳米ATO粉体电导率值最大,即导电性能最佳.     

ATO/TiO_2粉体的制备及导电性能研究

采用化学共沉淀法,制备Sb掺杂SnO2(ATO)包覆微纳米TiO2导电粉体,研究了不同的制备工艺条件对ATO/TiO2复合粉体电阻率的影响,得出最佳包覆方案:TiO2浆料浓度25%,m(SnCl4·5H2O)/m(TiO2)=25%,m(SbCl3)/m(SnCl4·5H2O)=12%,反应温度60℃,pH值1.5,包膜时间3h,煅烧温度500℃,煅烧时间3h;通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等对表面包覆前后的微纳米ATO/TiO2的结构进行了分析表征.结果表明,ATO颗粒是以物理吸附的方式吸附在二氧化钛表面.     

莫来石/硅酸盐低膨胀率粘接材料固化机理与结构性能

以硅酸钠水溶液、莫来石粉体为原料制备了低膨胀率的莫来石/硅酸盐粘接材料,并通过FT-IR、XRD、NMR等方法对不同温度下热处理的样品进行了表征。结果表明,材料的固化反应发生在室温与400℃之间,为硅酸钠水溶液中的链式或环式聚硅酸、莫来石粉体上的铝羟基间缩合脱水反应,构建了以硅、氧、铝为主的三维体型网状结构;所制备的具有低膨胀系数的莫来石/硅酸盐粘接材料在100～400℃的温度范围,线膨胀系数为(1.2～3.7)×10-6K-1,600℃时线膨胀系数最大为1.45×10-5K-1,套接压缩剪切强度达25MPa。     

退火温度对Li掺杂ZnO薄膜光电特性的影响

采用溶胶凝胶法旋涂制备了摩尔分数为3%的Li掺杂ZnO薄膜,在450~650℃下退火后测试其微结构、表面形貌和光电特性.结果表明薄膜为六方纤锌矿多晶结构且n型导电,退火温度的升高改善了结晶度、表面形貌、透过率和导电性.退火温度超过550℃后电阻率增大,样品由肖特基导电转变为欧姆导电;伏安特性模拟结果表明,替位Li逐渐增多、薄膜功函数增大,有利于制备p型薄膜.退火温度达600℃后,由于薄膜再蒸发等使光电特性变差.550℃是最佳退火温度,适于制备高质量的透明导电薄膜,此时薄膜透过率达95%,薄膜电阻率为2.49×103Ω.cm.     

Effect of Post-Annealing Temperature on Optical and Electrical Properties of Li：ZnO Thin Films

采用溶胶凝胶法旋涂制备了摩尔分数为3%的Li掺杂ZnO薄膜,在450~650℃下退火后测试其微结构、表面形貌和光电特性.结果表明薄膜为六方纤锌矿多晶结构且n型导电,退火温度的升高改善了结晶度、表面形貌、透过率和导电性.退火温度超过550℃后电阻率增大,样品由肖特基导电转变为欧姆导电;伏安特性模拟结果表明,替位Li逐渐增多、薄膜功函数增大,有利于制备p型薄膜.退火温度达600℃后,由于薄膜再蒸发等使光电特性变差.550℃是最佳退火温度,适于制备高质量的透明导电薄膜,此时薄膜透过率达95%,薄膜电阻率为2.49×103Ω.cm.     

YFeO_3复合氧化物半导体材料的制备、掺杂和气敏性能研究

用化学共沉淀法制备了YFeO3 及其掺锌固溶体Y1-xZnxFeO3 气敏材料 ,并对其制备条件、相结构、电导和气敏性能进行了研究 .结果表明 :Fe与Y物质的量比为 1 :1 ,85 0℃以上热处理一定时间可得钙钛矿结构的纯相YFeO3 ;电导测量显示 ,该系列材料呈p型半导体导电行为 ,且固溶体导电优于纯相 .Y0 .94Zn0 .0 6FeO3 电导突变温度40 0℃ ,较纯相YFeO3 低 70℃ ;90 0℃下热处理 4h所得微粉制作的元件对乙醇有较高的灵敏度和较好的选择性 .这种材料可望开发为一类新型酒敏传感器     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the