建筑结构的抗风加固方法研究

既有建筑结构由于先天设计不足（风荷载估计不够、结构抗风构造不合理）以及结构的老化、年久失修等原因，使得结构的抗风能力不足．留下结构抗风安全隐患。本文通过对既有建筑物进行抗风鉴定，从结构抗风计算与抗风构造两个方面找出既有结构的抗风缺陷，从而提出对应的抗风加固方案，采用增大截面、外包钢加固、预应力加固、改变受力体系加固、外部粘钢加固、外部粘纤维材料（FRP）加固、水泥灌浆或喷射修补等方法对结构构件与连接接点实施加固。     

关于桥梁结构损害及加固策略的分析

桥梁结构作为桥梁的支撑部分,主要承载桥梁的负荷重力,是桥梁工程安全建设使用的重要支柱。随着时间的推移,桥梁结构会受到不同程度的损害,造成这些损坏的原因主要有:物质材料性能降低、桥梁结构负荷重力过大、环境影响、自然灾害、事故破坏、设计不合理、施工过程中的不利因素影响等。桥梁受损后容易导致桥梁结构断裂坍塌等事故,要增加桥梁结构的负荷能力、使用寿命,减少事故发生,就需要对受损的桥梁进行加固。目前我国在桥梁结构加固的过程中,还存在一些问题,如:诊断桥梁结构受损程度环节薄弱、负荷重力评估不完善、加固设计思路较单一、没有考虑受损桥梁结构的特点等。现今常用的桥梁加固的策略主要有压力灌桨法、喷射砂桨法、加大梁下部截面加固法、桥面补强层加固法、钢板粘结法、更换部分或全部主梁法、外部预应力加固法、改变结构体系加固法、填缝法、增设纵梁法、锚喷加固技术。     

浅谈碳纤维在混凝土结构加固中的应用

在土木工程中，由于各种原因，经常需要对已有建筑物进行维修、加固。实践证明，应用碳纤维材料对混凝土结构进行加固，是一种有较高技术含量的、全新的建筑结构加固方法。本文通过分析碳纤维在混凝土结构加固中的技术特点及设计原则，针对粘贴碳纤维加固施工工艺进行探讨,并对工程性能进行评价。     

既有混凝土结构加固改造方法的选用原则

随着经济的发展，建筑工程的重点从大规模新建阶段、新建与维修并举阶段逐步向旧建筑维修改造阶段转移。如何采取有效的加固措施对受损建筑物进行处理以恢复其使用功能是工程技术人员面临的重要课题。本文对混凝土结构传统加固方法与新型加固方法的优缺点和选用原则进行了详细分析．对钢筋混凝土结构的加固改造有一定的借鉴作用。     

多层单跨框架结构加固设计应用研究分析

在对现有建筑物进行加固改造设计时,需要对现有建筑物进行安全鉴定和结构分析,并制定科学合理的加固设计方案,方能取得理想的加固效果。本文针对重点设防类别(乙类)的多层单跨框架结构建筑物,从建筑结构安全角度从发,依据建筑抗震鉴定标准、建筑抗震加固技术规程和建筑抗震设计规范等现行规范规程的规定,通过理论研究与计算模型对比分析,从中得到此类建筑物结构加固设计的有效方法。     

浅析碳纤维在混凝土结构加固中的应用

在土木工程中,由于各种原因,经常需要对已有建筑物进行维修、加固。实践证明,应用碳纤维材料对混凝土结构进行加固,是一种有较高技术含量的、全新的建筑结构加固方法。本文通过分析碳纤维在混凝土结构加固中的技术特点及设计原则,针对粘贴碳纤维加固施工工艺进行探讨,并对工程性能进行评价。     

简述建筑物墙体裂缝主要因素及加固

建筑物墙体由于地基产生的不均匀沉降超过一定限度时就会产生开裂。以致危及建筑物的安全使用。本文是作者在近几年的工作过程中，结合桌工程实例，就该建筑物墙体开裂的原因分析以及针对这一事故该如何处理，进行了简要的阐述和分析。以供同行参考和借鉴。     

建筑结构加固方法及缺陷桩基的加固措施

建筑物交付使用后，随着使用年限的增加各种建筑质量问题便逐渐展现出来，为了延长建筑物的使用年限，各种加固技术应运而生。本文仅针对几种结构的加固方法简略余绍了一下，着重介绍了缺陷桩基的加固措施——复合注浆法。     

碳纤维在结构加固中的应用技术

碳纤维是一种很有前途的新型建筑材料，它具有高强、高弹性，高韧性等力学性能，尤其是具有耐酸、耐碱、耐火、耐老化等优良特性，可用于特种建筑结构及工程建筑物，并可用来修补、增强原有结构。外部粘贴碳纤维加固法施工方法很简单。碳纤维加固法与粘钢加固法、玻璃钢加固法相比，其施工性能更加优越，由于材料轻而无需重型机械，采用手工操作即可，施工空间不受限制，不影响结构的正常使用；碳纤维耐腐蚀性强，没有老化和锈蚀的顾虑，维护费用极低；由于采用树脂固化，具有良好的防水效果，     

筒子楼改造中的抗震加固

根据建筑物现状及本地区的设防烈度进行抗震鉴定,采用了外加柱、增设圈梁及钢拉杆等方法对房屋进行整体加固,采用面层加固法对房屋进行局部加固,有效地增强了房屋的侧向刚度和抗震能力,保证了改造后结构与原有结构的可靠连接。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to