SHPB技术研究混凝土动态力学性能存在的问题和改进

根据实验和理论分析,目前分离式Hopkinson压杆装置(SHPB)间接测量混凝土材料动态应力—应变关系时主要存在三方面问题,分别是应力应变不均匀的限制、大尺寸SHPB压杆产生的应力波弥散及数据处理时应力波波头选取的影响。上述问题使得用传统SHPB方法在研究混凝土材料动态力学性能时的可靠性和精确性大大降低。因此,该文对上述问题的解决和改善进行了初步探讨。     

混凝土材料的SHPB实验技术研究

为提高混凝土材料的SHPB实验结果的精度和可比性,结合混凝土的实验过程,对波导杆的弥散效应、试件内应力应变均匀性和试件的径向惯性效应进行了研究。研究结果表明:一维应力波假定和均匀性假定基本满足,混凝土试件是否有足够时间使应力应变达到均匀,取决于混凝土试件的最大应变值和应变率;实验中采用脉冲整形技术和恒应变率实验技术,并选用三波公式处理实验数据,可以增大混凝土的有效承载时间,减小试件惯性效应对实验结果的影响;当应变率接近或大于104时,需要考虑试件的径向惯性效应。     

聚丙烯纤维混凝土SHPB试验研究

采用变截面大尺寸的Hopkinson压杆对素混凝土与聚丙烯纤维混凝土试件进行了冲击压缩(split-hopkinsonbe,SHPB)试验,得到了不同应变率下的聚丙烯纤维混凝土动态压缩强度及应力-应变全过程曲线,证实了聚丙烯纤维混凝土材料的应变速率敏感性,结果对于计算聚丙烯纤维混凝土在高速冲击及爆炸条件下的响应很有意义.     

PVDF应力传感器的设计、标定及其在混凝土冲击试验中的应用

利用分离式霍普金森杆(SHPB)试验技术对PVDF应力传感器进行了压电系数的动态标定,标定值为27.21 PC/N.在落锤冲击试验机上完成了预埋PVDF应力传感器的混凝土圆柱体试件的轴向冲击试验,并利用PVDF应力传感器信号和试件轴向压缩曲线得到了混凝土在冲击加载条件下的动态应力应变曲线.由于混凝土试件在冲击加载过程中应力分布不均匀,预埋在试件中心的PVDF应力传感器测试的应力结果比用锤头冲击力计算出来的试件平均应力稍大.     

钢筋混凝土圆杆中的应力波传播及层裂研究

利用Φ74 mm的Hopkinson压杆对圆柱型钢筋混凝土试件进行了波传播实验和层裂实验研究,利用应变片记录杆中应力波信号,使用高速摄影机拍摄试件的拉伸破坏过程.实验结果表明：在较低的加载速率下,应力波在钢筋混凝土试件传播过程中呈现弹性波特性,不弥散不衰减;在较高的加载速率下,钢筋混凝土试件出现层裂现象,层裂强度在7 MPa左右;断裂试件中的裂纹在拉压应力波交替作用下反复张开闭合,随着应力波在杆中的衰减而趋于稳定.     

高掺量聚丙烯纤维混凝土动力特性的SHPB试验

为了研究高掺量聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动力特性,采用直径为74mm变截面Hopkinson压杆,对8组64块聚丙烯纤维混凝土试件进行了冲击压缩试验,得到了不同应变率范围下混凝土的动态抗压强度及应力-应变曲线,并给出了聚丙烯纤维混凝土动态抗压强度与应变率、纤维体积掺量以及静压强度之间的关系。分析认为,在10^1～10^2s^-1应变速率,聚丙烯纤维混凝土的动态强度提高比值与素混凝土基本一致。     

混凝土材料SHPB主动围压实验的数值模拟

文章利用LS-DYNA软件,采用混凝土HJC动态本构模型,对Φ74mm分离式变截面霍普金森压杆主动围压实验做了数值模拟;通过在试件径向施加恒定压力的方法模拟主动围压的作用,试件单元的压力时间历程曲线显示该方法可以获得恒定、均匀的围压值,即该方法可以对SHPB主动围压实验进行合理的模拟;利用上述主动围压模拟方法对混凝土材料主动围压下的力学性能进行了研究,模拟时采用弥散较小的三角形速度波加载,并利用波形良好的入射波、透射波重构了混凝土的应力应变曲线,重构结果显示混凝土材料在围压作用下力学性能发生变化,混凝土峰值应力、峰值应力对应的应变、韧性都随围压的增大而增加,与理论结果相符。     

岩石类介质SHPB试验加载波形的数值分析

采用基于细观损伤力学基础而开发的动态岩石破裂过程分析系统RFPA2D对大直径SHPB装置中压杆的应力波弥散效应进行二维数值分析,讨论了矩形应力脉冲和三角形应力脉冲两种加载波形对弥散结果的影响.结果表明,基于细观损伤力学基础而开发的动态岩石破裂过程分析系统RFPA2D能够较真实地模拟SHPB试验中波形传播过程;在大直径SHPB实验技术中,由于压杆的横向泊松效应,波形在传播过程中的弥散现象明显;选择合适的加载波形可以有效降低SHPB装置中应力波的弥散效应,其中三角形波加载可以降低大直径SHPB动态测试中的应力波弥散,是岩石混凝土等非均匀材料SHPB动态测试的较理想加载波形.     

高强混凝土SHPB试验研究

采用变截面大尺寸的Ｈｏｐｋｉｎｓｏｎ压杆,对直径分别为７２ｍｍ,６２ｍｍ的高强混凝土试件进行了冲击压缩（ＳＨＰＢ）试验,得到了不同应变率下的混凝土动态压缩强度及应力－应变全过程曲线,证实了混凝土材料的应变速率敏感性,结果对于计算高强混凝土在高速冲击及爆炸条件下的响应很有意义。     

研究混凝土材料动态力学性能的实验技术

采用波形整形技术、万向头技术和应变直接测量技术测量了混凝土材料的动态应力-应变曲线;通过损伤"冻结"试验及相应的MTS静态试验研究了混凝土材料的损伤演化规律;利用Hopkinson压杆技术直接测得层裂信号,进而可确定混凝土材料的层裂强度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-