High-temperature interface superconductivity between metallic and insulating copper oxides

The realization of high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity confined to nanometre-sized interfaces has been a long-standing goal because of potential applications and the opportunity to study quantum phenomena in reduced dimensions. This has been, however, a challenging target: in conventional metals, the high electron density restricts interface effects (such as carrier depletion or accumulation) to a region much narrower than the coherence length, which is the scale necessary for superconductivity to occur. By contrast, in copper oxides the carrier density is low whereas T(c) is high and the coherence length very short, which provides an opportunity-but at a price: the interface must be atomically perfect. Here we report superconductivity in bilayers consisting of an insulator (La(2)CuO(4)) and a metal (La(1.55)Sr(0.45)CuO(4)), neither of which is superconducting in isolation. In these bilayers, T(c) is either approximately 15 K or approximately 30 K, depending on the layering sequence. This highly robust phenomenon is confined within 2-3 nm of the interface. If such a bilayer is exposed to ozone, T(c) exceeds 50 K, and this enhanced superconductivity is also shown to originate from an interface layer about 1-2 unit cells thick. Enhancement of T(c) in bilayer systems was observed previously but the essential role of the interface was not recognized at the time.     

微小间隙转动副的接触碰撞模型及离散算法

为研究航天可展结构展开及锁定的动态过程,针对航天工程中广泛应用的微小间隙转动副,提出了一个多点接触碰撞模型及其离散算法。该算法计入了运动副表面波纹、位置误差、轴弯曲变形以及粘滞微滑效应等实际因素。静态接触数值算例与试验结果较为符合。使用不同间隙量,对一端固定的含间隙转动副柔性杆受轴向冲击碰撞的过程进行了动力学仿真。计算结果表明:该模型能描述接触力和变形接近量的非线性关系与滞回特性,模型参数易于获得,便于在结构设计阶段数值仿真中使用。     

二维局部Z2-系统与不可定向闭曲面

用多面体构造流形(代数簇)是环簇理论中的一个经典技巧.通过局部Z_2-系统我们可以将这种构造推广到实流形上.在本文中,作者给出了这类流形的欧拉数的计算公式,并证明了所有的不可定向闭曲面都可以由二维局部Z_2-系统来实现.     

F-倾斜对与F-W-倾斜对

引入了F-倾斜对与F-W-倾斜对的概念,它是对倾斜对和W-倾斜对概念的推广,给出了F-W-倾斜对存在的条件,并研究了F-W-倾斜对与W-倾斜对的关系.     

n维动曲面的局部单重影形分类

研究了欧氏空间Ｒ＾ｎ＋１中运动着的ｎ维超曲面没某个方向投影的形状，即影形（Ｓｈａｄｏｗ）的局部分类问题，并利用奇点理论中可微映射芽的Ａｅ－通用形变条件，导出与局部分类相关的等价条件及影形分类的标准形。     

Electron-spin domains: magnetic enhancement of superconductivity

An inhomogeneous superconducting state, not yet conclusively identified, was predicted by Fulde and Ferrell and Larkin and Ovchinnikov (FFLO) to arise in superconductors with strong Pauli limiting, a consequence of the electrons' Zeeman (spin) energy in a magnetic field. Radovan et al. propose that the observed cascades of steps in magnetization of the heavy fermion superconductor CeCoIn5, within the recently discovered second low-temperature state, are due to transitions between Landau-level (LL) states with different m-quanta vortices, expected under certain conditions when the magnetic field is swept within the FFLO state. The authors then conclude that the observed steps in magnetization constitute a proof that the low-temperature state in CeCoIn5 is indeed an FFLO state. We argue that this interpretation of the observed steps in magnetization cannot be supported on either quantitative or qualitative grounds.     

基于非线性局部滤波的红外小目标检测方法

为提高复杂环境下红外小目标的检测效率,将图像分为平坦区域、边缘区域和小目标区域三种区域,并针对三种成分的特点,提出基于拉普拉斯金字塔的非线性局部滤波检测方法。首先将图像进行高斯金字塔分解,将高斯低通金字塔与原图像尺寸匹配后,相减并进行阈值操作,抑制平坦区域;其次将标记像素灰度值与其周围环域均值的最小差作为指标,滤除边界区域;最后将非线性局部滤波结果生成相应的拉普拉斯金字塔各层系数,重构得到高对比度的检测图像,利用邻域特点剔除孤立噪声点并通过简单阈值标记红外小目标。实验结果表明：与现有其他算法相比,该检测算法能够对复杂背景有效抑制,检测速度快。     

Volatile and non-volatile superconductivity in cuprate by ionic liquid gating opens novel roads for superconductivity research

Changing carrier density is one of the most remarkable but common aspects of unconventional superconductors.Both for understanding the mechanism of exotic super...     

Coexistence of superconductivity and ferromagnetism in URhGe

The discovery of superconductivity at high pressure (albeit over a restricted range) in the ferromagnetic material UGe2 raised the possibility that bulk superconductivity might be found in other ferromagnets. The exact symmetry of the paired state and the dominant mechanism responsible for the pairing, however, remain unidentified. Meanwhile, the conjecture that superconductivity could occur more generally in ferromagnets has been fuelled by the recent observation of a low-temperature transition that suggests an onset of superconductivity in high-quality crystals of the itinerant-ferromagnet ZrZn2 (ref. 2), although the thermodynamic signature of this transition could not be detected. Here we show that the ferromagnet URhGe is superconducting at ambient pressure. In this case, we find the thermodynamic signature of the transition-its form is consistent with a superconducting pairing of a spin-triplet type, although further testing with cleaner samples is needed to confirm this. The combination of superconductivity and ferromagnetism may thus be more common and consequently more important than hitherto realized.