碾压混凝土拱坝坝体应力的简化计算

碾压混凝土坝受施工条件影响常在混凝土碾压层间出现结合面夹层（缺陷），影响坝体变形及内应力分布。混凝土夹层强度较低，形成结构破坏控制面。为了了解层状体的内应力分布，用位移等效原则把层状体结构转换为横观各向同性体进行位移和应力计算，根据结算的宏观位移场再进一步进行局部夹层应力计算，由此得到精度高，方法简单，工作量大大减少的碾压混凝土（成层）结构的应力简化的计算方法。研究还发现碾压混凝土结构（成层材料）存在边界局部应力集中效应，需另行采取结构改进措施。     

软弱地基上的碾压混凝土拱坝应力与位移分析

某工程在软弱基础上修建的碾压混凝土拱坝坝高大于100m,基础软弱,应力和位移大,尤其是坝肩向下游位移大。提出设置推力墩新结构来增强拱座受力,限制其变形。示例对水压荷载作用下坝体的应力和位移进行三维仿真分析,表明仅设置30m长的推力墩能消减50％的坝体下游面(水压荷载)拱向拉应力;位移减小20％;坝肩基岩几乎处于微压状态,水压应力向推力墩转移,加大坝基底面减小坝体沉陷。由于推力墩结构减小了拱跨度,增强了拱坝的整体性,分担了主要的坝肩荷载,可使拱坝应力得到改善,位移得到控制。     

江垭碾压混凝土重力坝渗流特性分析

运用固定网格的结点虚流量法、非均质成层材料单元、缝面无厚度平面单元等,对江垭碾压混凝土坝渗流场进行了建模与分析研究,在反演出坝体几种主要筑坝材料的渗透系数张量的基础上,再通过对多种典型工况的敏感性反馈计算,进一步研究江垭大坝渗流场的渗流特性和渗流场水头分布规律,进而提出碾压混凝土坝防渗与排水渗控方案设计的建议。     

柔性拱和软弱地基上的碾压混凝土拱坝

为改善软弱基础上修建碾压混凝土拱坝的结构设计 ,通过对水压和温度荷载作用下坝体的应力和位移分析 ,提出了适应软弱基础拱坝变位大但应力不恶化的“柔性拱”及简易止裂措施 ,已用于修建新疆石门子碾压混凝土拱坝。坝体设人工短缝加大拱的变位 ,可消减水压和温度作用下的拉应力集中 ;扩大拱座降低坝肩软弱岩面上的压应力和剪应力 ,拱座考虑侧约束减少拱座在水压作用下的变位 ,也增加坝肩绕渗途径     

缺口导流期碾压混凝土坝智能通水温控

碾压混凝土坝在施工汛期采用的坝体预留缺口与导流洞联合导流方式是一种具有经济性和高效率的施工组织形式，但在炎热气候下碾压混凝土坝预留缺口导流对大坝温度和应力影响较大，坝体导流缺口温控难度大、开裂风险高。该文依托东非装机容量最大的水电项目坦桑尼亚Julius Nyerere水电站，首先采用三维有限元法对不同通水冷却方案工况下的坝体温度场和应力场演化特性开展模拟研究，提出过水温控策略；其次提出智能通水温控方法，研发成套的联控系统，实现大坝混凝土温度演化控制；最后成功在过水前使大坝混凝土温度降低至目标温度，汛后检查中未发现温度裂缝。该研究成果对指导碾压混凝土坝安全度汛具有重要意义，可供同类工程参考。     

长江三峡碾压混凝土坝方案 坝段渗控特性分析

基于长江三峡大坝碾压混凝土方案左厂房１２号坝段上部为常态混凝土,下部为上下游面均设有常态混凝土的防渗结构型式的碾压混凝土坝的特点,借助于渗流场求解的结点虚流量法及排水子结构技术,并提出“排水孔开关器”的概念和渗流非均质成层材料单元模型,对坝中设计时存在的主要渗流疑虑问题、大坝的防渗与排水设施渗控方案的特性进行了数值分析研究。结果表明,导致碾压混凝土坝渗流特性复杂化的坝体强渗透各向异性是难以避免的,     

高碾压混凝土坝温度应力研究

根据碾压混凝土坝薄层浇筑、快速施工的特点，用三维有限元浮动网格法计算程序，对高碾压混凝土坝温度场和温度应力进行了仿真计算；揭示了不同横缝间距的坝体施工期温度场、温度应力和坝体最大温降应力的变化规律。该项研究对碾压混凝土坝设计具有参考价值。     

侧约束对拱坝坝体应力和位移的影响

结合某碾压混凝土拱坝的拱座,在减弱和加强侧约束时,即在坝体部分高程的破碎软弱岩石减弱坝体侧约束以及坝体下游边墙和护坦增强坝体侧约束的情况下,研究侧约束对于坝体应力和位移的影响。从仿真计算结果可以看出,减弱侧约束时,坝体会自动地进行应力调整,实现坝体的应力重分布,不会产生应力的集中;同时由于拱向应力的增大,即增大了抗剪面剪应力,抵消了坝体下游破碎岩石的影响。而增强侧约束,可以减少坝体位移,特别是坝肩位移。     

整体式碾压混凝土重力坝预裂缝的效应与分析

为防止温度裂缝，在整体式碾压混凝土重力坝中预设裂缝，采用空间有限元法计算具有预裂缝的整体式碾压混凝土重力坝的应力和位移，分析预裂缝对坝体应力和位移场的影响，在有限元计算中考虑碾压混凝土薄弱面的影响.将坝体材料作为正交各向异性材料，采用相当弹性模量，对预裂缝问题提出合理建议。     

碾压式沥青混凝土心墙施工工艺分析

对于当地沥青砼浇筑大坝进行碾压时,综合分析考虑了当地坝体中心层过渡结构材料的最大承载力,以及未被压实、沥青砼坝体中心面和墙块的应力变形等具体问题、当地最高气温、有效碾压作业日的变化影响以及当地沥青砼用于大坝碾压浇筑的当地温度等诸多重要方面.在该项土建工程正式投入使用后,沥青钢筋混凝土在正式施工建成之前首先就需要开始做室...     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-