多用户协作频谱感知的性能分析

实际的无线信号传输会受到阴影效应、噪声等因素的影响,单个认知用户的频谱感知性能会下降。因此,采用硬合并协作方案,分析了多用户协作感知在高斯、瑞利和莱斯信道下的检测性能。同时,对控制信道由于衰落和噪声影响而产生误码情况下的系统检测性能进行探讨。结果表明,多用户协作检测可以提高系统的检测概率,但虚警概率会随着参与协作的用户数的增多而上升,当控制信道不理想时,协作检测会导致虚警概率下限的出现,造成频谱利用率低下。     

一种基于信噪比(SNR)比较的感知节点数目优化算法

 协作频谱感知虽然可提高系统的感知性能,但随着感知节点数目的增加,系统资源的占用越来越多,系统传输效率下降.分析了协作频谱感知方法的感知性能,得到协作频谱感知的感知性能与感知节点数目和接收信噪比之间的关系,提出了一种新的次级用户节点的选择方法,该方法有效保证了所选择节点的感知性能,仿真验证了该算法的有效性和可靠性.     

主用户具有AF中继辅助的协作频谱感知及最佳用户数分析

将主用户具有放大转发（amplify-forword,AF）中继辅助的检测模型与多个感知用户进行协作频谱感知的模型相结合,得到主用户具有AF中继协作的新模型。为减少系统开销,综合参数的影响,推导出其检测概率与虚警概率表达式,并在分析报告信道衰落环境下,通过此模型的中继放大可适当缓解衰落所带来的性能损失;进一步验证最佳参与协作用户数的存在性,设计了基于用户取值区间的搜索算法,以探索中继放大增益及错误报告概率对最佳用户数的影响。通过仿真表明,该模型能有效提高检测性能,并能在给定虚警概率下最大化检测概率时,选择合适的参数对：中继放大增益和最佳参与用户数。     

新型协作频谱感知系统检测性能优化策略

为了减小隐蔽终端对感知系统性能的影响和降低感知系统的错误率,提出方法:在考虑无线信道为瑞利信道和报道信道带有一定错误率的条件下,对带有p次方检测器的协作频谱感知系统,联合优化p次方检测器的次方数p和感知门限λ,并研究优化协作用户数K,使系统总错误率最小.理论分析与仿真结果表明,在给定初始条件下,协作频谱感知系统存在最佳指数p~*和最佳感知门限λ~*,同时在选择融合准则后,可以适当选择协作用户数K以提高感知系统可靠性.     

基于STBC方案的鲁棒性协作频谱感知技术

协作频谱感知技术可削弱认知无线电系统中衰落阴影等对检测信道的影响. 基于对空时分组编码(STBC)固定分组协作频谱感知技术的分析,提出了鲁棒性的动态分组方案以克服固定分组的局限性,最大限度地发挥STBC方案的优势,提升系统的检测性能. 该方案利用认知用户间的交互信道条件进行动态分组,以获得更小的虚警概率下界. 理论分析和仿真结果表明,本文所提出的方案在衰落信道环境下可显著提高系统的检测性能.      

基于功率分配的双向协作频谱接入方法

提出了一种基于功率分配的双向协作频谱接入方法.在该方法中,认知用户通过双向协作的方式接入授权用户频谱,使用一部分功率转发授权用户信息,帮助授权用户达到目标速率,然后使用剩余的功率发送自己的信息.该方法研究了认知用户如何对功率进行分配,在保证授权用户达到目标速率的条件下,最大化认知用户的速率.仿真结果验证了所提频谱接入方法的有效性,同时说明授权用户和认知用户都能够从所提频谱接入方法中获得好处.     

基于动态多频谱感知的认知无线网络信道接入策略

针对固定频谱感知信道接入机制授权信道分配效率低的问题,提出一种多用户场景下基于动态多频谱感知的认知无线网络信道接入策略.该策略根据认知用户接入请求等级与空闲频谱发现概率为认知用户动态分配感知信道数量,首先分析了认知用户的最佳感知频谱分配数量,在此基础上通过建立认知用户信道接入模型和授权信道可用度更新机制,设计了一种动态感知频谱分配策略,并采用短视策略对网络吞吐量进行了分析.仿真结果表明,所提信道接入策略要比现有认知无线网络信道接入策略提高了网络吞吐量和认知用户接入的公平性,降低了认知用户的平均接入时延.     

分簇认知网络中能量有效的协作频谱感知算法研究

针对认知网络中用户节点能量受限问题,提出了一种基于分簇网络的能量有效协作频谱感知算法。该频谱感知算法通过对用户节点分簇,缩短感知结果的传输距离。根据对授权用户信号的本地感知和簇内融合的判决结果,设计两次报告审查规则,减少传输感知结果的认知用户数量。以最小化协作频谱感知能耗为目标,建立多变量非线性优化问题模型,并通过逐一变量优化方法求得次优解。仿真结果表明,在保证检测性能的前提下,该算法能明显降低协作频谱感知的能量消耗和传输时延。     

分簇认知网络中能量有效的协作频谱感知算法

针对认知网络中用户节点能量受限问题,提出了一种基于分簇网络的能量有效协作频谱感知算法。该频谱感知算法通过对用户节点分簇,缩短感知结果的传输距离。根据对授权用户信号的本地感知和簇内融合的判决结果,设计两次报告审查规则,减少传输感知结果的认知用户数量。以最小化协作频谱感知能耗为目标,建立多变量非线性优化问题模型,并通过逐一变量优化方法求得次优解。仿真结果表明,在保证检测性能的前提下,该算法能明显降低协作频谱感知的能量消耗和传输时延。     

一种优化的认知无线电网络分簇协作频谱感知算法

目前对于认知无线电分簇协作频谱感知算法的研究,大都认为每个簇均等地参与协作.没有考虑簇所经历的不同衰落对判决结果的影响.为有效解决这一问题,提出一种优化的认知无线电网络分簇协作频谱感知算法.该算法采用能量节省的分簇感知机制,充分考虑路径损耗与衰落对检测性能的影响.在满足虚警率和检测率的前提下,此方案不仅算法实现简单,而且在分簇结果上可以显著提高系统的稳定性,因此在信道环境复杂的情况下能有效提高频谱感知效率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to