降雨作用下的土质边坡变形破坏颗粒流仿真模拟

为研究持续降雨作用下土质边坡的变形破坏模式及机理,以四川省古蔺县竹林沟滑坡为例,结合离散元PFC~(2D)虚拟双轴压缩试验对坡体微观力学参数进行标定,随后建立1∶1数值计算模型进行稳定性计算,并记录坡体运动过程中应力及位移变化的情况。研究结果表明:该滑坡在持续降雨作用下至坡内土体饱和的过程中,坡脚应力不断积累,导致坡脚发生破坏,之后向上逐级牵引,致使坡前基岩较陡区域土体优先发生滑动。中-后缘土体因前部失稳产生临空条件,随即出现二级滑动,整体表现为典型的蠕滑-拉裂破坏模式。坡体前缘破坏后应力得到部分释放,但位移不断增长;坡内应力和位移整体上从前缘到后缘均呈递减趋势。应用颗粒流PFC~(2D)以竹林沟滑坡为例对土质滑坡在持续降雨作用下的变形发展过程进行模拟研究,揭示了滑坡的发展及破坏模式,为该类滑坡的防治提供参考。     

嘉陵区双桂镇徐家沟滑坡成因机理分析及稳定性评价

徐家沟滑坡是堆积体沿基覆界面滑动的推移式滑坡,其形成演化机理：降雨入渗后缘拉张下错裂缝形成→滑面扩展与贯通→滑坡整体失稳破坏→滑坡停积,并对其稳定性进行评价。     

降雨条件下花岗岩残积土边坡失稳模式及预警阈值现场试验

降雨是诱发边坡失稳的主要因素,为探明不同降雨强度条件下花岗岩残积土边坡的失稳模式,通过75mm/h、125mm/h、150mm/h、175mm/h等4组不同降雨强度下边坡失稳现场试验,基于工程边坡原位监测试验采集的含水率-时间与位移-时间曲线研究了花岗岩残积土边坡渐进失稳破坏特征,并提出了降雨条件边坡失稳的持续时间与降雨量阈值。研究表明:降雨条件下花岗岩残积土边坡为渐进失效破坏,根据降雨强度斜坡失稳破坏可分为“浅层局部滑动”、“浅层整体滑动与崩塌”、“深层局部滑动”、“深层整体滑动”等四种模式,斜坡发生变形失稳的区域主要位于坡脚位置,坡中次之,坡顶最小。边坡深层滑动从显著变形到失稳破坏历时18~20min,而浅层滑动持续时间为25min~135min。土壤界限含水率可特征边坡失稳破坏过程,当斜坡土壤含水率上为42～45%时,斜坡开始出现开裂、蠕动变形等失稳征兆;当土壤含水率上升到47～50%时,坡面土体开始崩解并迅速发生滑坡、崩塌。     

鸡尾山特大型岩质滑坡的物理模型试验

鸡尾山滑坡的失稳模式为斜倾厚层岩质滑坡视向滑动.为了研究这种独特的特大型岩质斜坡失稳模式,利用土工离心机,对1个包含4组结构面的地质力学模型进行物理模型试验.研究结果表明:随着离心机加速度的不断增大,后部块体首先失稳并推挤前缘关键块体,粘贴在滑块与基座之间的裂缝监测应变片从斜坡后缘到前缘相继发生破坏;当离心加速度达到80g(1g=9.8 m/s2)时,斜坡前缘关键块体发生位移突变,产生瞬时视向滑动破坏,引起整体滑坡;软弱夹层抗剪强度的降低和关键块体瞬时失稳是鸡尾山滑坡发生的主要原因,斜倾厚层岩质滑坡视向滑动具有“后部块体驱动-前缘关键块体失稳”的特征,斜坡的初始变形破坏是一个从稳定到失稳渐进发展的过程.     

滑坡触发因素及其影响的原位试验

在相同地质条件下,采用人工降雨模拟试验和机械开挖模拟原位试验,研究滑坡触发因素及其对滑坡的影响.研究结果表明:堆积层边坡在降雨入渗影响下多为浅层松弛型破坏,降雨入渗造成土体中孔隙水压力增加,致使边坡土体的抗剪强度由于有效应力减少及土体吸水软化而降低;堆积层边坡在切坡开挖影响下多为浅层牵引式破坏,变形形态为从坡面到坡面以下逐渐减小的松弛形变形;降雨和入渗双重效应可能是降雨诱发堆积层边坡失稳的主要原因之一,在强降雨影响下,易发生滑塌事故.该研究结果可为滑坡的时间、空间和强度预报提供理论依据.     

降雨型滑坡现场模拟试验研究

通过现场模拟人工降雨条件下诱发滑坡,在整个过程中,对坡面裂隙、土体深部位移、孔隙水压力、地表径流等进行实时监测,探求在降雨情况下的滑坡成灾特征及机理.试验得出了土体抗剪强度指标、滑动面形态特征等物理力学参数.降雨使土体吸水饱和,渗透性降低,抗剪强度降低,进而产生边坡失稳.通过数值模拟,得到降雨入渗过程中边坡稳定性、应力场和位移场的变化趋势.流一固耦合情况下边坡稳定系数比非耦合时降低5%,说明动水力对降雨型滑坡具有影响作用.     

降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式模型试验

为了进一步探究降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式,自主设计制作了物理模型试验系统,通过三峡库区某堆积体滑坡现场取样,在测定土样基本物理力学参数后,开展了降雨作用下不同坡角的堆积体岸坡模型试验,主要分析了不同坡角下岸坡模型的变形破坏特征及破坏模式。结果表明:坡度对岸坡变形破坏特征影响显著,坡角较大(60°与50°)时,坡体易出现浅层滑动破坏,坡角较缓(40°)时,容易出现深层滑动,坡角35°及更小时,未出现明显的变形破坏;浅层滑动破坏规模较小,变形自下而上牵引,演化发生所需的时间较短,而深层滑动破坏规模较大,变形自上而下推移,所需时间更长;降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏可分为软化剥蚀-蠕动变形-明显滑动三个阶段,变形破坏模式表现为雨水入渗→表层饱和→土体软化→饱和区扩大→土体沉降→坡顶裂隙出现→坡脚变形/坡体整体变形→浅层滑面/深层滑面→浅层破坏/深层破坏。     

云南红土室内滑坡可行性试验研究

以红土作为室内滑坡模型材料制作红土型边坡,考虑边坡尺寸、土体特性、成型方法、降雨等级的影响,开展降雨作用下红土型边坡的室内滑坡模型试验研究。试验结果表明,直接选用红土开展室内滑坡模型试验的成功率较低,但如果控制好试验条件,红土型边坡仍然可能发生滑坡。室内暴雨作用下,红土型边坡的滑动过程可以分为边坡成型、降雨实施、滑动面形成发展、整体滑动等几个阶段;其滑动特征表现为先坡顶开裂下沉、后坡侧开裂延伸;其滑动条件为坡高、坡角较大,坡顶宽适中,塑性指数偏小,干密度偏小,含水率接近塑限,堆积法成型以及暴雨等方面。     

降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式模型试验研究

为了进一步探究降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏模式,自主设计制作了物理模型试验系统,通过三峡库区某堆积体滑坡现场取样,在测定土样基本物理力学参数后,开展了降雨作用下不同坡角的堆积体岸坡模型试验,主要分析了不同坡角下岸坡模型的变形破坏特征及破坏模式。结果表明：坡度对岸坡变形破坏特征影响显著,坡角较大(60°与50°)时,坡体易出现浅层滑动破坏,坡角较缓(40°)时,容易出现深层滑动,35°及更小坡角时,未出现明显的变形破坏;浅层滑动破坏规模较小,变形自下而上牵引,演化发生所需的时间较短,而深层滑动破坏规模较大,变形自上而下推移,所需时间更长;降雨作用下堆积体岸坡变形破坏可分为软化剥蚀—蠕动变形—明显滑动三个阶段,变形破坏模式表现为雨水入渗→表层饱和→土体软化→饱和区扩大→土体沉降→坡顶裂隙出现→坡脚变形/坡体整体变形→浅层滑面/深层滑面→浅层破坏/深层破坏。     

库水和降雨耦合作用下公路滑坡研究

以福建山区库岸公路滑坡为对象,采用室内模型试验和有限元数值模拟方法,研究库岸公路降雨滑坡形成机理,探讨库水位下降与降雨联合作用下导致临水边坡发生失稳的模式和原因。研究表明库水位变动与降雨的联合作用将改变沿坡体内的渗流场,降低滑坡土体的力学强度,使得滑坡前缘由于浮力减重和浸泡软化作用导致抗滑力减小,滑坡中后部下滑力增大,产生滑坡现象。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that