莰烯合成甲基丙烯酸异冰片基氧乙基酯的研究

以莰烯、乙二醇、甲基丙烯酸甲酯为原料,经过醚化和酯交换反应合成了光固化涂料用活性稀释剂甲基丙烯酸异冰片基氧乙基酯(IBOEMA),采用GC-MS、IR等分析手段对合成产物的结构进行了分析测定.在莰烯与乙二醇的醚化过程中,以A-15作醚化催化剂,探讨了A-15用量、乙二醇与莰烯的物质量之比、反应温度、反应时间等对异冰片基羟乙基醚得率的影响.采用正交试验确定了异冰片基羟乙基醚的适宜合成条件:催化剂A-15的用量为6.0％,反应温度90℃,反应时间9h,乙二醇与莰烯的物质量之比为3.5∶1.0.在此条件下,莰烯转化率、反应选择性及产物得率分别达79％、93％和74％以上.在异冰片基羟乙基醚酯交换合成IBOEMA过程中,以环己烷为溶剂,反应在回流状态下进行,探讨了催化剂种类及用量、异冰片基羟乙基醚与甲基丙烯酸甲酯物质的量之比、反应时间、阻聚剂的种类和用量等对IBOEMA得率的影响.通过正交试验确定了异冰片基羟乙基醚与甲基丙烯酸甲酯酯交换反应的适宜工艺条件:以环己烷为溶剂进行回流反应,环己烷与异冰片基羟乙基醚物质的量之比为37∶1,甲基丙烯酸甲酯与异冰片基羟乙基醚的物质量之比为1.25∶1.00,催化剂KOH的用量为3％,反应时间8h,吩噻嗪用量为1％.在此条件下,异冰片基羟乙基醚的转化率、反应选择性及产物得率分别达91％、93％和85％以上.     

β-羟乙基肼及其衍生物的合成

本文研究β-羟乙基肼的试制条件,找出在较低温度条件下,用大量过剩的40%或50%的肼水与环氧乙烷加成得β-羟乙基胼,收率达60—64%.苯甲酰氯,对氯苯甲酰氯对溴苯甲酰氯同β-羟乙基胼反应,分别得芳酸-β-(N,N′一二酰肼基)乙酯(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)、对硝基苯甲酰氯同β-羟乙基肼反应得 N,N′一二对硝基苯甲酰肼基乙醇(Ⅳ)(?)它们的结构分别通过元素分析,冰点降低法测定分子量及红外光谱等方法确定。经生物实验表明:β-羟乙基肼对蚕豆、碗豆以及棉花的开花期有促进作用。至于(Ⅰ)、(Ⅱ)、(Ⅲ)、(Ⅳ)等新化合物的生物实验尚待进一步研究。     

L-谷氨酸-γ-乙基酯的微波合成方法研究及分析

对L-谷氨酸-γ-乙基酯的微波合成方法进行研究,采用HPLC法进行分析测定.实验表明,不同的微波辐射时间、温度及催化剂用量对合成反应的影响较大.经试验得到最佳的反应条件:微波辐射温度45℃,微波辐射时间为30 min,催化剂用量为1.1 mL,其产率可达80%以上.实验结果说明,微波技术可用于L-谷氨酸-γ-乙基酯的合成,方法操作简便、反应时间短、产率高,具有一定的实用价值.     

微波促进4-氟-1-酰基苯的胺化反应

在微波辐射下,以4-氟-酰基苯与N-取代乙醇胺直接反应,合成了一系列4-(N-烷基-N-羟乙基)-胺基-酰基苯化合物.研究表明,该反应时间短,操作简单方便.     

2-乙基乙烯基醚丙烯酸酯的制备及其阴离子聚合

在相转移催化剂存在下,以2-氯乙烯醚和丙烯酸钠为原料设计合成了双官能团单体2-乙基乙烯基醚丙烯酸酯,研究了相转移剂的种类以及反应条件对反应的影响。结果表明最佳反应条件为：2-氯乙烯醚/丙烯酸钠物质的量比5∶1;反应温度110℃;反应时间4h;以三乙基苄基氯化铵(TEBA)为相转移剂效果最佳。随后在一定的温度下,以1,1-二苯基己基锂（DPHL）为催化剂,以2-乙基乙烯基醚丙烯酸酯为单体在四氢呋喃中进行了阴离子聚合,得到分子量可控的单分散的聚合物。     

4-溴-2-甲基吡啶及其衍生物的合成工艺优化研究

为优化2-甲基-4-苯基吡啶及其衍生物的合成条件,本研究在微波(120℃)条件下,采用水/1,4-二氧六环(5:1)的混合溶剂,研究碱(缚酸剂)及催化剂对Suzuki偶联反应的影响,结果发现碳酸钾和[1,1'-双(二苯基膦基)二茂铁]二氯化钯的组合为最优条件。经优化,收率提高30%,总收率达81%。该优化后条件高效绿色,收率显著提高,且该条件具有较好的底物适应性。     

四(2-氯乙基)-1,2-亚乙基双磷酸酯的合成研究

以磷酸三(2-氯乙基)酯(TCEP)为原料,在钠石灰作用下合成了四(2-氯乙基)-1,2-亚乙基双磷酸酯.当反应温度为190℃,反应时间为3.0h,催化剂用量为原料质量的0.7%时,该产品收率可达到88.2%. 本文还对四(2-氯乙基)-1,2-亚乙基双磷酸酯的合成方法和TCEP的缩合反应机理进行了探讨.     

微波辐射合成糠酸甲酯的研究

以糠酸和甲醇为原料用微波辐射的方法合成糠酸甲酯.其最佳反应条件为:微波辐射功率320 W,醇酸物质的量比为5∶1,催化剂盐酸用量为糠酸用量的21%,微波辐射时间12 min.结果表明,此法反应时间短,产率达87.4%.     

微波辐射相转移催化合成扁桃酸工艺研究

研究了苯甲醛和卤仿在微波辐射条件下相转移催化合成扁桃酸的工艺,探讨了合成过程中催化剂种类、催化剂用量、反应物的摩尔配比、微波辐射功率、体系反应温度、微波辐射时间等对该合成反应的影响,并通过熔点和红外光谱对产物进行了表征.实验结果表明,在微波辐射功率为300W,系统反应温度为60℃,反应时间为20min,苯甲醛、氯仿和四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)的摩尔比为1∶1.76∶0.03时,扁桃酸的产率可达60.4%.     

微波辐射快速合成对苯二甲酸二辛酯

在微波辐射条件下，以T2为催化剂，用对苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)与异辛醇进行酯交换反应合成了对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP)，讨论了微波功率、辐射时间、催化剂用量和投料比对反应产率的影响，最佳反应条件为：投料nDMP：n异辛醇1：2，T2催化剂0．18g，微波功率600W，反应时间8min，得到的产率为97％，该条件下的反应速率是常规加热条件下的20多倍。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that