便携式分光光度法快速测定水中铅方法研究

对3种便携式分光光度计快速测定水中铅的方法进行了优化和比对研究.通过研究各仪器性能指标以及测定实际水质样品,对不同便携式分光光度计的优势进行了比较,为突发性环境污染事故应急监测选择合适的监测仪器提供了技术参考.结果表明:JH916检测仪快速测定水中铅的方法检出限(0.003 mg/L)低于ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪和PORS-15V光谱仪的方法检出限(分别为0.2 mg/L和0.4 mg/L),在突发性环境污染事故应急监测中,JH916检测仪具有相对较高的灵敏度.JH916检测仪和PORS-15V光谱仪快速测定水中铅的方法精密度相近,其测试结果相对标准偏差(RSD)均未超过7.5%,ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪的方法精密度稍差,其相对标准偏差(RSD)最大值为20%.3种便携式分光光度计测定实际样品时,加标回收率分别为84%~115%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪)、81%~118%(PORS-15V光谱仪)、90%~117%(JH916检测仪),表明3种便携式分光光度计均有相对较好的准确度.3种便携式分光光度计与实验室分析方法相比,测试结果相对偏差较大,最大相对偏差分别为22%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪)、11%(PORS-15V光谱仪)、-26%(JH916检测仪).     

便携式分光光度法快速测定水中铁方法研究

对3种便携式分光光度计快速测定水中铁的方法进行了优化和比对研究.通过研究各仪器性能指标以及测定实际水质样品,对不同便携式分光光度计的优势进行了比较,为突发性环境污染事故应急监测选择合适的监测仪器提供了技术参考.结果表明:ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪快速测定水中铁的方法检出限(0.2 mg/L)高于JH916检测仪和PORS-15V光谱仪的方法检出限(分别为0.01 mg/L和0.04 mg/L),在突发性环境污染事故应急监测中,JH916检测仪和PORS-15V光谱仪具有相对较高的灵敏度.ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪和PORS-15V光谱仪快速测定水中铁的方法精密度相近,其测试结果相对标准偏差(RSD)均未超过6.5%(n=6),JH916检测仪快速测定水中铁的方法精密度稍差,其相对标准偏差(RSD)最大值为10.9%.测试实际样品时,加标回收率分别为80.5%~98.0%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪)、82.5%~118%(PORS-15V光谱仪)、86.5%~104%(JH916检测仪),表明3种便携式分光光度计均有较好的准确度.3种便携式分光光度计与实验室分析方法相比,测试结果相对偏差较大,相对偏差最大值分别为-18.8%(ZZW-Ⅱ测试仪)、-19.7%(PORS-15V光谱仪)、-25.9%(JH916检测仪).     

顶空气相法测定醋中的甲醇和乙醇含量

建立一种用于食醋中可能残留的甲醇和乙醇的顶空气相色谱检测方法,并讨论了各种条件对测定的影响.方法采用氢火焰检测器检测,甲醇和乙醇能够完全分离,线性良好,方法检测限分别为8.91mg/L和7.28mg/L,6次测定的相对标准偏差分别为5.31%和3.01%,样品的加标回收率分别为96.9%～94.2%.测定了6种样品中的甲醇和乙醇含量,方法简便、快速、重现性好,基本上能满足食醋中甲醇和乙醇含量的分析.     

美引新品种烟草常规化学成分NIR预测模型的建立

采集4个美引品种NC102,NC297,NC55,GL350共3a初烤烟叶样品205份,按样品不同地区、不同品种将样品分为180份校正集和25份验证集.通过行业标准方法检测烟叶中总糖、还原糖、总氮、烟碱、蛋白质、钾含量.利用近红外(NlR)光谱建立近红外预测模型.通过验证,以上6项化学成分预测模型的相关系数(R2)分别为96.95%,94.43%,96.1%,98.1%,95.3%,94.0%.均方差(RMSECV)分别为0.895,0.876,0.06698,0.0743,0.397,0.0717.平均相对偏差分别为2.97%,3.13%,5.12%,3.47%,6.03%,5.28%.结果表明该方法与标准方法测定的结果无显著性差异,证明该方法可靠、快捷.     

优化的原子荧光法测定砷汞含量

建立了用AFS-830双道原子荧光光度计同时测定不同样品中砷和汞的氢化物发生-原子荧光法检测方法.在优化的仪器工作条件下:砷和汞的线性检测范围广,分别为0~10μg/L和0~1μg/L;方法灵敏,检出限分别为0.042μg/L和0.038μg/L;样品加标回收率高,分别为99.5%~100.1%和97.5%~99.9%,可用于工业环境监测中测定不同样品中的砷和汞的含量.     

快速全血凝集试验在中国不同人群HBsAg检测中的应用

为了评价本实验室建立的快速全血凝集法检测HBsAg的效果,检测了河北省不同人群534份全血样品,得到了满意结果.来自不同人群的369份样品(其中62份来自乙肝患者,180份来自献血者,127份来自正常人群),经快速全血凝集法和国家认证的市售ELISA试剂盒平行检测后,总符合率为96.7%,灵敏度为90.99%,特异性为98.7%.乙肝患者、献血者和正常人群中阳性率分别为52.6%,4.3%和8.9%.实验结果说明快速全血凝集法不仅简单快速、不需要特殊设备,而且具有高的敏感性和特异性,因此它可以广泛应用于基层卫生机构和临床HBsAg的检测,尤其适用于病人的床边诊断.     

气相色谱/质谱法同时检测鱼肉样品中三氯生及其甲基代谢产物

采用气相色谱/质谱(gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, GC/MS)法, 建立了可同时检测鱼肉样品中三氯生(triclosan, TCS)和甲基三氯生(methyl-triclosan, MTCS)的分析方法, 对比了不同衍生化试剂的衍生效果,考察了对鱼肉样品去脂净化过程有影响的相关因素, 最终确定鱼肉样品用正己烷-丙酮(体积比为1∶1) 提取, 凝胶色谱(gel permeation chromatography, GPC) 和复合硅胶柱净化, 乙酸乙酯衍生化, 气相色谱/质谱检测. 结果显示, 本方法对TCS 和MTCS 的线性范围分别为5~500和2~500 pg/μL, 相关系数均大于0.99, 检出限(limit of detection, LOD) 分别为1.3 和0.8 pg/μL. 在3 个空白加标实验中, TCS 和MTCS 的回收率分别为83%~89% 和
85%~98%. 最后, 应用此方法对鱼肉样品中两种化合物的浓度进行了定量分析.     

两种不同消解方法测定近海沉积物氮磷含量的比较

采用两种不同的消解方法—微波消解法和高压消解法,对近海沉积物中的总氮、总磷进行同时消解,并比较了测定结果.结果表明:高压消解条件下测定样品1和样品2总氮的相对标准偏差分别为7.7%和7.4%,总磷的标准偏差分别为3.9%和7.8%;微波消解条件下测定样品1和样品2总氮的相对标准偏差分别为9.4%和10.1%,总磷的相对标准偏差分别为6.9%和8.1%;两种消解条件下的总磷含量相差不大(样品1分别为0.460 mg/kg和0.454 mg/kg,样品2分别为0.449 mg/kg和0.439 mg/kg),但高压消解条件下的总氮含量(样品1为0.114 mg/kg,样品2为0.122 mg/kg)明显高于微波消解(样品1为0.088 mg/kg,样品2为0.092 mg/kg),且相对标准偏差较小.因此可以认为高压消解方法的精密度高于微波消解方法.     

偏最小二乘法用于近红外漫反射光谱测定异福片

应用近红外漫反射光谱结合偏最小二乘法(NIR PLS)对异福片中利福平和异烟肼的含量进行定量分析, 所建立的定量分析模型对校正集样品中利福平和异烟肼的含量预测回归系数分别为0.992　77,0.989　01,交互验证均方根误差(RMSECV)分别 为0.006　65,0.004　23.对预测集样品利福平、 异烟肼的含量预测均方根误差(RMSEP)分别为0.005　73,0.003　79;加样平均回收率分别为99.376%和98.243%;重现性实验相对标准偏差(RSD)分别为0.679　3%和0.639　8%.结果表明, 该方法预测精度高, 且具有方便快捷、 非破坏、 无污染、 可在线检测、 重现性好等优点, 可作为异福片原位质量检测和在线质量监控的方法予 以推广.     

微波消解-氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定煤中砷和硒

采用浓盐酸和氢氟酸作消解剂,以微波消解的方法处理原煤样品,氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定煤中砷、硒,设定了最佳的样品处理条件和仪器测定条件.利用加标回收试验,对分析方法进行了验证.砷、硒的检出限分别为0.05 μg/L和0.06 μg/L,测定煤中砷、硒的回收率分别为97.9%～104.8%、96.6%～106.3%,RSD分别为1.26%～1.59%、1.68%～2.33%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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