缠绕数量子数和A—B相干涉效应

在多连通区域，量子体系的状态应有效的量子数－缠绕数ｋ－存在。在Ａ－Ｂ干涉效应中，干涉花纹在屏幕上极大值的位置应以ｈｃ／ｅ周期性出现，其强度随着缠绕数ｋ的增加而减弱。     

多连通区域的缠绕数和A—B干涉效应

在多连通区域，量子体系的状态应有新的量子数－缠绕数Ｋ－存在，在Ａ－Ｂ干涉效应中，干涉花纹在屏幕上极大值的位置应以ｈｃ／ｅ周期性出现，其强度随着缠绕数Ｋ的增加而减弱。     

关于一个乘性混合问题（II）

设Ｎ为一充分大自然数，ｋ≥４为整数，Ｇ１．．．，Ｇｋ为（Ｎ＋１，．．．，２Ｎ）的子集，且（Ｇ１）〉〉Ｎ，．．．，Ｇｋ〉〉Ｎ，则存在ｎ１∈Ｇ１，．．．ｎｋ∈Ｇｋ及自然数ｂ，使得ｎ１．．．ｎｋ＝ｂ＾ｋ＋Ｏ（ｂ＾ｋ－３／２）。     

关于分拆数的递推公式及部分分拆数的计算公式和分拆数三角形

提出了ｋ项分拆数的概念，并推出了它的递推公式．由此公式，得到了部分分拆数的计算公式和分拆数表．     

轴对称空腔内圆盘流动的数值模拟

针对轴对称空腔内圆盘流动，采用２种紊流模型（即混合长模型、混合长模型与高Ｒｅ数ｋ－ε方程相结合的分区模型）进行了数值模拟．计算结果表明：当圆盘旋转雷诺数Ｒｅθ较低时，流场中存在一个类似于固体旋转的核心区；在高Ｒｅθ数、小间隙比时，核心区消失．与实验值相比，ｋ－ε／ＭＬ模型得到较好的预测结果     

关于一个乘性混合问题（Ⅱ）

设Ｎ为一充分大自然数，ｋ≥４为整数，Ｇ１…，Ｇｋ为｛Ｎ＋１，…，２Ｎ｝的子集，且则存在ｎ１∈Ｇ１，…，ｎｋ∈Ｇｋ及自然数ｂ，使得ｎ１…ｎｋ＝ｂｋ＋Ｏ（ｂｋ－３／２）．     

具有正整指数干扰的二阶时滞方程的稳定性

利用定性分析方法和代数理论中代数方程根的性质，研究了具有正整指数干扰的二阶时滞方程组ｘ．（ｔ）＝ｋ１／（１＋ｙ（ｔ））－ｂ１ｘｍ（ｔ），ｙ．（ｔ）＝ｋ２ｘ（ｔ）－ｂ２ｙｐ（ｔ－τ）ｙｑ（ｔ），τ≥０｛正平衡态的稳定性，其中ｋ１，ｋ２，ｂ１和ｂ２是正常数，ｐ，ｑ和ｍ为干扰的正整常数．文中得到了方程组正平衡态的存在唯一性条件以及正平衡态无条件局部稳定的充要条件．解决了ｐ＝ｑ＝ｍ＝１时的相应问题且将其推广到ｐ，ｑ，ｍ皆为正整数的情形．所得条件易于检验和使用     

一类非线性差分方程解的极限问题

研究了形如Ｅｘ（ｋ）＝Ａｘ（ｋ）＋ｆ（ｋ，Ｘ（ｋ））的非线性差分方程解的极限性质．Ｅｘ（ｋ）＝ｘ（ｋ＋１）．Ａ是ｎ×ｎ（ｎ≥２）阶常数矩阵．ｘ（ｋ）∈Ｒｎ．ｆ：Ｊ×Ｇ→Ｒｎ，Ｊ＝｛ｊ０＋ｋ｜ｋ＝１，２，…．ｊ０∈Ｒ｝，Ｇ．Ｒｎ．ｆ满足对任一紧集中的ｘ（ｋ）一致有ｆ（ｋ，ｘ（ｋ））→０，当ｋ→∞．利用差分不等式及比较原理得到：当Ａ的谱半径小于１时，方程的有界解均趋于零解．当Ａ的话半径大于１时，方程有无界解．并研究了所有解均趋于零解的充分条件．     

黎曼ξ－函数的一个推广

设Ｐ（ｘ）是定义在［１，∞）上的实函数，并且有渐近组数其中Ａ－１≠０，Ａｋ∈Ｒ（ｋ＝－１，０，……），记我们给出了ξｐ（Ｓ）与ξ（Ｓ）的一个关系式，并对ξｐ（Ｓ）的某些性质做了研究．     

四元素空间中广义正则函数的一类变态P－H问题

四元素空间中广义正则函数的一类变态Ｐ－Ｈ问题李生训黄沙（河北轻化工学院石家庄市０５００１８）（河北师范大学石家庄市０５００１６）１问题的提法设Ｂ４为四元素空间，基底为１，ｉ，ｊ，ｋ（其中ｉ２＝ｊ２＝ｋ２＝－１，ｉｊ＝ｋ＝－ｊｉ）．对于四元数ｕ∈其中ｕ...     

De Broglie wavelength of a non-local four-photon state

Superposition is one of the most distinctive features of quantum theory and has been demonstrated in numerous single-particle interference experiments. Quantum entanglement, the coherent superposition of states in multi-particle systems, yields more complex phenomena. One important type of multi-particle experiment uses path-entangled number states, which exhibit pure higher-order interference and the potential for applications in metrology and imaging; these include quantum interferometry and spectroscopy with phase sensitivity at the Heisenberg limit, or quantum lithography beyond the classical diffraction limit. It has been generally understood that in optical implementations of such schemes, lower-order interference effects always decrease the overall performance at higher particle numbers. Such experiments have therefore been limited to two photons. Here we overcome this limitation, demonstrating a four-photon interferometer based on linear optics. We observe interference fringes with a periodicity of one-quarter of the single-photon wavelength, confirming the presence of a four-particle mode-entangled state. We anticipate that this scheme should be extendable to arbitrary photon numbers, holding promise for realizable applications with entanglement-enhanced performance.     

A complementarity experiment with an interferometer at the quantum-classical boundary

To illustrate the quantum mechanical principle of complementarity, Bohr described an interferometer with a microscopic slit that records the particle's path. Recoil of the quantum slit causes it to become entangled with the particle, resulting in a kind of Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pair. As the motion of the slit can be observed, the ambiguity of the particle's trajectory is lifted, suppressing interference effects. In contrast, the state of a sufficiently massive slit does not depend on the particle's path; hence, interference fringes are visible. Although many experiments illustrating various aspects of complementarity have been proposed and realized, none has addressed the quantum-classical limit in the design of the interferometer. Here we report an experimental investigation of complementarity using an interferometer in which the properties of one of the beam-splitting elements can be tuned continuously from being effectively microscopic to macroscopic. Following a recent proposal, we use an atomic double-pulse Ramsey interferometer, in which microwave pulses act as beam-splitters for the quantum states of the atoms. One of the pulses is a coherent field stored in a cavity, comprising a small, adjustable mean photon number. The visibility of the interference fringes in the final atomic state probability increases with this photon number, illustrating the quantum to classical transition.     

Spatial quantum noise interferometry in expanding ultracold atom clouds

In a pioneering experiment, Hanbury Brown and Twiss (HBT) demonstrated that noise correlations could be used to probe the properties of a (bosonic) particle source through quantum statistics; the effect relies on quantum interference between possible detection paths for two indistinguishable particles. HBT correlations--together with their fermionic counterparts--find numerous applications, ranging from quantum optics to nuclear and elementary particle physics. Spatial HBT interferometry has been suggested as a means to probe hidden order in strongly correlated phases of ultracold atoms. Here we report such a measurement on the Mott insulator phase of a rubidium Bose gas as it is released from an optical lattice trap. We show that strong periodic quantum correlations exist between density fluctuations in the expanding atom cloud. These spatial correlations reflect the underlying ordering in the lattice, and find a natural interpretation in terms of a multiple-wave HBT interference effect. The method should provide a useful tool for identifying complex quantum phases of ultracold bosonic and fermionic atoms.     

基于热网络模型和参数估计的感应电机定子绕组温升测试方法

对感应电机定子绕组进行直流温升测试,可以在避免转子温度干扰的条件下,有效分析和验证定子的散热能力。然而,定子绕组温升实验存在耗时长和难以获得绕组最高运行温度的问题,而利用热模型计算所得的绕组温升精度又较难保障。为此,提出一种基于热网络模型和参数估计的感应电机定子绕组温升测试方法。该方法通过热网络模型描述定子绕组温度的变化,再利用定子绕组温升实验的若干样本数据,结合参数估计原理,准确获得热网络模型参数,从而对定子绕组的整个温升过程进行有效估计。结果表明:在完成参数估计后,定子绕组热网络模型可准确获得不同电流条件下的定子绕组温升过程。因此,所提温升测试方法不仅可节约温升测试的实验时间,还可获得实验中无法测量得到的定子绕组最高运行温度,为电机定子绕组后续设计与改进提供一定依据。     

对微观客体本性的探讨

用光束就是光子流的观点不能够解释光的干涉,用电子束就是电子流的观点也不能解释电子的干涉,唯有用微观粒子的几率幅能够圆满地解释其干涉.因而,干涉可以理解为是两个几率幅之间的干涉.所以,从干涉实验来看,量子理论的最基本的概念,或者说,微观粒子的本性,应当是几率幅,而不是波粒二象性.     

Quantum interference of superfluid 3He.

Celebrated interference experiments have demonstrated the wave nature of light and electrons, quantum interference being the manifestation of wave-particle duality. More recently, double-path interference experiments have also demonstrated the quantum-wave nature of beams of neutrons, atoms and Bose-Einstein condensates. In condensed matter systems, double-path quantum interference is observed in the d.c. superconducting quantum interference device (d.c. SQUID). Here we report a double-path quantum interference experiment involving a liquid: superfluid 3He. Using a geometry analogous to the superconducting d.c. SQUID, we control a quantum phase shift by using the rotation of the Earth, and find the classic interference pattern with periodicity determined by the 3He quantum of circulation.     

基于深度学习的光纤收卷机器视觉自动检测技术

已有的光纤收卷检测方法的泛化能力和环境适应性均较差，无法应用于工业生产.提出基于深度学习的机器视觉方法对收卷过程中的收卷图像进行分类来解决光纤收卷问题.通过考虑光纤收卷时光纤间力的作用，建立了光纤收卷模型，提出了光纤收卷时排线机构的速度表达式.使用相机采集大量光纤收卷图片形成数据集，搭建并训练神经网络模型用于对收卷情况进行分类.通过实验验证，该方法对间隙状态的识别正确率在94.67%以上，叠线状态识别正确率为100%，检测速度高于实际生产绕线速度，是一种可以和控制系统相结合替代人工收卷并实现自动精密绕线的良好方法.     

一种适用于谐波起动电动机的新型定子绕组

通过对谐波起动电动机广泛采用的定子绕组存在问题的分析,提出了一种结构更加简单,控制方便的定子绕组,该定子绕组线圈的匝数、线规都相同,解决了谐波起动电动机定子绕组不等匝引起的设计和制造工艺困难的问题.对该绕组的设计方法进行了分析和介绍,并以8极72槽定子绕组实例加以说明.     

增、减光子压缩真空态的维格纳函数及其非经典特性

利用Fock态表象下的维格纳(Wigner)函数表示式,重构增、减光子压缩真空态的维格纳函数;依据维格纳函数在相空间中的分布规律,讨论这些量子态的非经典特性.数值结果表明:增、减光子压缩真空态的维格纳函数均出现负值,它们都是具有非经典特性的量子态;这些量子态的维格纳函数与增、减光子数k的取值有关,k取奇数时函数的负性明显大于k取偶数时的状况.此结果为这些量子态的测量提供理论依据.     

Collapse and revival in Aharonov-Bohm electron interference experiment

It is shown that in the presence of even and odd coherent state field the collapse and revival (CR) phenomenon can occur in Aharonov-Bohm electron interference, which is closely related to the quantum fluctuation of the field. CR phenomenon reflects the effects of quantum noise of the field on the dynamic behaviour of electron interference. For coherent state field and number state field there is no CR to occur, which means that CR is due to both wave and particle aspects of the field.