酞菁铜磺酸掺杂聚苯胺的合成与表征

以直接耐晒翠蓝ＧＬ为原料,合成了酞菁铜磺酸,并用其对本征态聚苯胺分别在水相和油相中进行掺杂,获得了具有酞菁功能基分子结构的聚苯胺．该聚合物具有优良的溶解性能和成膜能力,电导率可达到８Ｓ／ｍ．利用红外谱图证实了所合成产物的结构,紫外吸收分析也表明用酞菁铜磺酸掺杂聚苯胺后,在可见光区和近红外区都具有较强的吸收,有可能大幅度地提高其光电导性能．     

酞菁铜磺酰氯接枝聚苯胺的合成与表征

以酞菁铜和氯磺酸为原料合成出氯磺化酞菁铜,用其对本征态聚苯胺进行接枝聚合,获得了侧链具有酞菁功能基分子结构的聚苯胺．该聚合物具有优良的溶解性能和成膜能力,电导率达到１０ － １ Ｓ／ｃｍ ,利用红外谱图证实了所合成产物的结构．紫外吸收分析表明,用酞菁铜磺酰氯接枝聚苯胺后,其在可见光区、近红外区都具有较强的吸收,极可能会大幅度地提高其光电导性能．热失重研究也表明了聚苯胺用酞菁铜磺酰氯接枝后,热稳定性较原来提高了１００ ℃,且电子透射电镜显示该结构具有较强的结晶性能     

（NH4）2S2O8体系聚苯胺合成,结构与性能研究

本文利用不经提纯的工业品盐酸、苯胺以及过鎏酸铵为原料，直接合成导电聚苯胺。系统研究了影响苯胺聚合及产物性能的各种因素，找出了导电聚苯胺合成的最适宜条件。在此条件下制得了收率为８４％、电导率高达３４．４８Ｓ．ｃｍ＾－１的导电聚苯胺，从而为化学法工业性放大合成导电聚苯胺提供了理论依据。     

聚苯胺的化学合成、结构及导电性能

导电聚苯胺是结构和性能最稳定的导电高分子材料，有较广泛的应用前景。本实验用化学氧化合成方法，较系统地研究了氧化剂种类、用量、介质酸的浓度以及聚合反应温度等因素对苯胺聚合反应及产物性能的影响；找出了最适宜的合成反应条件和特殊的后处理工艺，并合成出了电导率高达３０．６５Ｓ／ｃｍ，收率达１２７．８％的高性能导电聚苯胺     

草酸水溶液中电化学合成聚苯胺及其耐蚀性

在0.3 M草酸与0.1 M苯胺单体组成的水溶液中,用循环伏安法(CV)在316L不锈钢(SS)表面电化学合成了导电聚苯胺(PANI)膜。用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对聚苯胺膜进行结构分析,发现所合成的PANI为具有苯-醌交替的中间氧化态的聚苯胺,草酸阴离子作为"对阴离子"在PANI中发生了掺杂。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察聚苯胺的表面形貌,发现PANI膜呈现细颗粒堆积形态。用0.2 M H2SO4水溶液模拟质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)双极板的腐蚀环境,用电化学技术在0.2 M H_2SO_4中研究了PANI/316LSS复合体系的耐腐蚀性能,电化学阻抗谱(EIS)结果表明,Nyquist图呈现双容抗弧特征,不同循环周期合成的聚苯胺薄膜其耐蚀性能略有不同,循环周期为20圈时耐蚀性能最佳。     

由碱式草酸铜前驱物通过超声法制备氧化铜纳米线及其光致发光性能

以碱式草酸铜和氢氧化钠为反应原料,聚乙烯醇为辅助试剂,采用超声法合成了具有颗粒次级结构的纳米线状CuO,并研究了水热、微波、超声法三种合成方法对CuO形貌的影响．实验结果表明不同的合成方法对样品的形貌影响很大,并且超声处理对于制备纳米线状氧化铜起到了至关重要的作用,而辅助试剂有助于形成形貌更加均一的产物．分别采用XRD、SEM、TEM及HRTEM研究产物的结构与形貌,以FT-IR观察产物的表面结构与成键特性,通过UV-Vis吸收光谱及荧光光谱（PL）研究产物在紫外．可见光区的光捕获能力及荧光发射情况．测试结果表明氧化铜纳米线的直径约为10～15nm,长度约为2～4um,组成纳米线的颗粒次级结构的计算平均粒径为14．6nm．与体相CuO材料相比,CuO纳米线的吸收带边出现了明显的蓝移现象,其带隙能为2．67eV,这可归于量子尺寸效应．光谱研究结果表明样品在紫外光区具有较强的光捕获能力,并能发出蓝紫光．     

二氧化锰氧化法合成导电聚苯胺

研究了以二氧化锰为氧化荆，苯胺(An)化学氧化聚合的新型反应．探讨了氧化荆的用量、反应体系酸度、反应温度等条件对聚苯胺(PAn)的产率和电导率的影响．在2．7mol/L的盐酸介质中二氧化锰与苯胺摩尔比为0．7的条件下室温氧化聚合4h，可得到电导率为12．5S/cm的聚苯胺，产率为73％．对产物聚苯胺的结构用红外光谱进行了表征．     

水杨酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米管的合成机理及表征

采用化学氧化法制备水杨酸掺杂聚苯胺纳米管,获得约15℃下制备聚苯胺纳米管的反应条件.表征产物的结构与性能,并讨论聚苯胺纳米管的形成机制.结果表明:当水杨酸与苯胺物质的量比为0.06时,合成了管长大于1μm,外径约150nm,内径约为30nm的圆型孔腔聚苯胺纳米管.随着水杨酸和苯胺物质的量比减少,产物由一维结构的纳米纤维和纳米管向二维结构的纳米片转变,这种转变可归因于反应体系中水杨酸与苯胺盐在水溶液中形成球型胶束的能力.该聚苯胺纳米管室温下电导率为8.66×10-2 S/cm,并显示出良好的电化学活性.     

电化学合成聚苯胺涂层防护性能的研究

采用循环伏安法在Q235钢表面电化学合成了聚苯胺涂层,通过极化曲线评价了扫描方式、电位区间、扫描速率、循环次数等电聚合参数对聚苯胺涂层在Q235钢耐腐蚀性能方面的影响,结果表明:合成条件对聚苯胺涂层的防护性能影响显著.在0.1 mol/L苯胺+0.3 mol/L草酸溶液中,循环电位区间–0.5~1.6 V,扫速10 m V/s,连续扫描5个循环,可获得最佳防护性能.该涂层在3.5%Na Cl溶液中对Q235钢具有较好的保护作用.扫描电镜观察表明:聚苯胺膜具有颗粒状纤维状结构.     

聚苯胺纳米管的制备及其导电性研究

采用氧化聚合的方法,在-20 ℃温度下,合成了聚苯胺纳米管.用SEM,TEM和IR等分析方法并采用四探针测定电导率等方法对产物进行表征,证明该产物为聚苯胺管,管径为20～30 nm,电导率为138 S/cm,大大高出其它方法制备的聚苯胺.实验表明:当盐酸浓度约为0.95 mol/L、过硫酸铵与苯胺的摩尔比约为1.0∶1.1时,经过8～12 h反应合成的聚苯胺纳米管成形完好、产率高、导电性能强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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