New frog family from India reveals an ancient biogeographical link with the Seychelles

About 96% of the more than 4,800 living anuran species belong to the Neobatrachia or advanced frogs. Because of the extremely poor representation of these animals in the Mesozoic fossil record, hypotheses on their early evolution have to rely largely on extant taxa. Here we report the discovery of a burrowing frog from India that is noticeably distinct from known taxa in all anuran families. Phylogenetic analyses of 2.8 kilobases of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA unambiguously designate this frog as the sister taxon of Sooglossidae, a family exclusively occurring on two granitic islands of the Seychelles archipelago. Furthermore, molecular clock analyses uncover the branch leading to both taxa as an ancient split in the crown-group Neobatrachia. Our discovery discloses a lineage that may have been more diverse on Indo-Madagascar in the Cretaceous period, but now only comprises four species on the Seychelles and a sole survivor in India. Because of its very distinct morphology and an inferred origin that is earlier than several neobatrachian families, we recognize this frog as a new family.     

TCPS-jump:卫星信道拥塞控制新算法

由于卫星通信系统具有的长时延特性以及无线信道误码率高的特点 ,传统的应用于Internet的TCP拥塞控制机制在卫星通信链路上进行TCP数据包传输时不能充分利用网络的吞吐量 ,导致网络效率低下 .因此提出一种新的基于TCP拥塞控制窗口大小的改变新算法TCP Sjump ,旨在有效提高卫星通信链路上的网络利用率 ,并给出了在实际环境中和利用计算机进行仿真试验的研究模型     

遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌6家系临床特征分析

分析通辽地区发现的遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌（HNPCC）6个家系的临床特征,探讨本地区遗传性非息肉病性结直肠癌（HNPCC）的发病特点和预后,提供HNPCC诊断方法和治疗策略．     

HDAC6 rescues neurodegeneration and provides an essential link between autophagy and the UPS

A prominent feature of late-onset neurodegenerative diseases is accumulation of misfolded protein in vulnerable neurons. When levels of misfolded protein overwhelm degradative pathways, the result is cellular toxicity and neurodegeneration. Cellular mechanisms for degrading misfolded protein include the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the main non-lysosomal degradative pathway for ubiquitinated proteins, and autophagy, a lysosome-mediated degradative pathway. The UPS and autophagy have long been viewed as complementary degradation systems with no point of intersection. This view has been challenged by two observations suggesting an apparent interaction: impairment of the UPS induces autophagy in vitro, and conditional knockout of autophagy in the mouse brain leads to neurodegeneration with ubiquitin-positive pathology. It is not known whether autophagy is strictly a parallel degradation system, or whether it is a compensatory degradation system when the UPS is impaired; furthermore, if there is a compensatory interaction between these systems, the molecular link is not known. Here we show that autophagy acts as a compensatory degradation system when the UPS is impaired in Drosophila melanogaster, and that histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a microtubule-associated deacetylase that interacts with polyubiquitinated proteins, is an essential mechanistic link in this compensatory interaction. We found that compensatory autophagy was induced in response to mutations affecting the proteasome and in response to UPS impairment in a fly model of the neurodegenerative disease spinobulbar muscular atrophy. Autophagy compensated for impaired UPS function in an HDAC6-dependent manner. Furthermore, expression of HDAC6 was sufficient to rescue degeneration associated with UPS dysfunction in vivo in an autophagy-dependent manner. This study suggests that impairment of autophagy (for example, associated with ageing or genetic variation) might predispose to neurodegeneration. Morover, these findings suggest that it may be possible to intervene in neurodegeneration by augmenting HDAC6 to enhance autophagy.     

环链多项式的性质

主要讨论具有两个分支环链L的几个多项式不变量的微分性质.对环链L的Jones多项式V(L;t)以及在Jones多项式基础上定义的几个L的多项式不变量X(L;t),Φ(L;t)求k阶导数,并研究它们在t=1时的整除性质,即V(k)(L;1),Φ(k)(L;1)和φ(k)(L;1)的整除性质.先将环链L用拆接关系式分解成纽结的形式,然后根据纽结的多项式不变量性质,得到具有两个分支的环链多项式不变量性质,进而得到L的多项式不变量的性质.     

基于链路预测算法分析虚假链接问题

链路预测与虚假链接是复杂网络的两大研究热点,目前为止,链路预测方法的研究已经非常成熟,而对于虚假链接的研究却仍旧没有得到太多的关注.根据链路预测与虚假链接的联系,用17种经典的链接预测算法,研究了这些算法在8个真实网络数据集中的识别虚假链接效果.实验结果表明,这些算法在识别虚假链接中的AUC值明显低于在链接预测中的AUC值;并且随着测试集比例的增加,在给定某个算法和数据集上,AUC值逐渐降低.