Effect of chronic alloxan diabetes and insulin administration on intestinal brush border enzymes

Summary Brush border sucrase and lactase activities are significantly elevated in alloxan-induced chronic diabetes and are restored to control levels after insulin treatment. Alkaline phosphatase and Mg-ATPase levels remain unchanged in diabetes, compared to a control group. Insulin treatment alone to control animals also led to enhanced activities of these enzymes.     

Effect of chronic alloxan diabetes and insulin administration on intestinal brush border enzymes.

Brush border sucrase and lactase activities are significantly elevated in alloxan-induced chronic diabetes and are restored to control levels after insulin treatment. Alkaline phosphatase and Mg-ATPase levels remain unchanged in diabetes, compared to a control group. Insulin treatment alone to control animals also led to enhanced activities of these enzymes.     

Effect of insulin on carbon dioxide production in adipose tissue from immature rats

Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluss von Insulin auf die CO₂-Produktion im Fettgewebe unreifer Ratten mit einem Gewicht zwischen 35 und 90 g manometrisch bestimmt, wobei mit zunehmendem Gewicht bis zu 90 g eine vermehrte CO₂-Produktion festgestellt werden konnte.     

Cellularity and composition of epididymal adipose tissue from cold-acclimatized rats

Summary Cold acclimatization induces morphological and compositional modifications of rat epididymal adipose tissue: a decrease in fat cell size, an increase of fat cell number per g of tissue, but no significant increase in total fat cell number in the tissue; finally, an increase in protein content and a decrease in triglyceride content.Acknowledgments. We especially thank Mr M. Joliff for his very valuable help for fat cell size determination (Hospital Bichat, Paris).     

Effect of alloxan diabetes and insulin administration on the incidence of pituitary necrosis caused by hexadimethrine bromide in rats

Zusammenfassung Während Alloxan Diabetes die Sensitivität der Ratten für die Wirkung des Hexadimethrin-Bromid (HB) nicht steigert, bewirkt Insulinbehandlung eine starke Erhöhung der HB-Empfindlichkeit. Die Mehrzahl der mit Insulin + HB simultan behandelten Ratten starb innerhalb von 2 Tagen, und in den Adenohypophysen zeigten sich häufig Nekrosen. Da die potenzierende Wirkung des Insulins bei Ratten, deren Histamin-Depots durch Vorbehandlung mit Polymyxin und Substanz 48/80 depletiert worden waren, nicht zur Geltung kam, wird angenommen, dass beim HB-potenzierenden Effekt des Insulins auch das Histamin eine Rolle spielt.     

Cellularity and composition of epididymal adipose tissue from cold-acclimatized rats.

Cold acclimatization induces morphological and compositional modifications of rat epididymal adipose tissue: a decrease in fat cell size, an increase of fat cell number per g of tissue, but no significant increase in total fat cell number in the tissue; finally, an increase in protein content and a decrease in triglyceride content.     

B Lymphocytes in obesity-related adipose tissue inflammation and insulin resistance

Obesity-related insulin resistance is a chronic inflammatory condition that often gives rise to type 2 diabetes (T2D). Much evidence supports a role for pro-inflammatory T cells and macrophages in promoting local inflammation in tissues such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) leading to insulin resistance. More recently, B cells have emerged as an additional critical player in orchestrating these processes. B cells infiltrate VAT and display functional and phenotypic changes in response to diet-induced obesity. B cells contribute to insulin resistance by presenting antigens to T cells, secreting inflammatory cytokines, and producing pathogenic antibodies. B cell manipulation represents a novel approach to the treatment of obesity-related insulin resistance and potentially to the prevention of T2D. This review summarizes the roles of B cells in governing VAT inflammation and the mechanisms by which these cells contribute to altered glucose homeostasis in insulin resistance.     

Intestinal transport of glucose and sodium: Changes in alloxan diabetes and effects of insulin

Zusammenfassung Die Natrium- und Glucoseabsorption in Dünndarmsegmenten alloxandiabetischer Ratten war erhöht. Durch Insulininjektionen wurde bei diesen Tieren die Natriumabsorption herabgesetzt, während bei normalen Ratten Insulin die Glucoseabsorption erhöhte und die Natriumabsorption erniedrigte.     

Effect of chronic administration of acetylsalicylic acid on lipid metabolism in growing rats

Résumé L'administration prolongée d'acide acétylsalicylique à de jeunes rats (0.3 mg/g) a provoqué des augmentations temporaires d'acide palmitique dans les phospholipides du cerveau et du foie. Des augmentations temporaires d'acide stéarique et des diminutions d'acide arachidonique ont été aussi observées dans les phospholipides du foie. Les changements observés dans les phospholipides du foie permettent de supposer que l'acide acétylsalicylique affecte peut-être les enzymes désaturisant les acides gras.

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This work was supported in part by Illinois Mental Health Fund and Public Health Service Grant No. AM-07184 to Dr.M. K. Horwitt from the National Institute of Arthritis and metabolic Diseases.     

The ultrastructure of brown adipose tissue in perinatal rats

Zusammenfassung Die prä- und postnatale Entwicklung des braunen Fettes von Ratten wurde untersucht unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Matrixkörper der Mitochondrien. Diese Einschlusskörper erreichen im Zeitpunkt der Geburt hinsichtlich Grösse und Zahl ein Maximum und verschwinden dann innerhalb von 1–2 Tagen. In vivo und in vitro Experimente mit verschiedenen Umgebungstemperaturen, mit Noradrenalin, Theophyllin, einem-Rezeptorenblocker (Trasicor^®) und Dibutyryl-Adenosinmonophosphat weisen alle darauf hin, dass die physiologischen postnatalen Veränderungen im braunen Fett wenigstens zum Teil mit dem plötzlichen Temperaturabfall zusammenhängen und hormonal ausgelöst werden. Die Matrixkörper sind unter allen Versuchsbedingungen an den Strukturveränderungen der Mitochondrien beteiligt.     

Effect of insulin on the synthesis and release of lipid peroxide by cultured hepatocytes isolated from normal and diabetic rats

Lipid peroxide content in hepatocytes isolated from ketotic diabetic rats was higher than normal, and the release of peroxide into the media was also elevated for the initial 18 h. Insulin suppressed both peroxide release and synthesis by cultured hepatocytes isolated from normal and from diabetic rats.     

Effect of insulin on the synthesis and release of lipid peroxide by cultured hepatocytes isolated from normal and diabetic rats

Summary Lipid peroxide content in hepatocytes isolated from ketotic diabetic rats was higher than normal, and the release of peroxide into the media was also elevated for the initial 18 h. Insulin suppressed both peroxide release and synthesis by cultured hepatocytes isolated from normal and from diabetic rats.     

Effect of continuous light on the blood and urinary sugar levels in alloxan diabetic rats

Summary Continuous light decreases the rise in blood glucose and the excretion of urinary glucose, along with increased urine volume, in alloxan diabetic rats.Acknowledgment. The authors' thanks are due to Prof. A. K. Maiti, Department of Physiology, Calcutta University for his constant encouragement.