化学发光技术在蛋白质和DNA分析中的新进展

化学发光技术在生物技术、分子生物学、药学、临床和环境等许多领域都获得了广泛的应用，有关化学发光的评论文章近年来也有许多报道。本文就化学发光技术在蛋白质和DNA分析中的较有特色的新进展(2000年以来)进行了评述，引用文献30篇。     

生物芯片技术及其在生命科学研究中的应用

生物芯片技术是国际上近年来发展起来的一门高新技术,本文对生物芯片技术的发展及其在生命保的应用进行了简要的讨论和评述,内容包括生物芯片的研究背景,基本概念、制作原理及其在生命科学研究中的应用,国内外发展状况,未来展望等五个方面。     

模糊层次分析技术（FAHP）在3D锡膏检测中的应用

随着当今先进工艺趋向于使用更小的元件,人们认识到仅仅计算体积已不足以确保工艺质量,锡膏检测仪（SPI）,特别是3DSPI在测试策略中扮演起越来越重要的角色。3D锡膏检测仪中经常遇到的激光阴影效应,传统的SPI技术,激光三角法和莫尔（Moiré）技术也都存在或多或少的阴影效应问题。本文首先介绍和分析了激光三角法以及莫尔（Moiré）技术在锡膏检测技术中的应用,它们遇到的主要问题。然后,结合传统方法的优点,提出一种新的方法：模糊层次分析技术（FAHP）,从软件硬件两个角度更好的解决3D锡膏检测仪遇到的阴影效应问题,保证更准确地测量结果和更直观的用户界面,使人们可以从工艺的角度出发来管理生产线的质量并具备整合系统的能力。     

Lipid peroxidation,low-level chemiluminescence and regulation of secretion in the mammary gland

In mammary explants of lactating mice, changes in the intensity of chemiluminescence (CL) were observed after the addition to the incubation medium of hormones and mediators that are involved in the regulation of secretion: oxytocin, acetylcholine, epinephrine and norepinephrine. A 15-min period of treatment with oxytocin, epinephrine or norepinephrine changed the level of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). Two mammary explants, one of which was treated with oxytocin, acetylcholine, epinephrine or norepinephrine, were found to interact even when separated by a quartz glass wall. Analysis of the level of TBARS formation in these two explants showed that the observed interactions might be connected with light emission resulting from lipid peroxidation (LP) processes. The possible role of LP and low-level CL in the regulation of mammary gland secretion is discussed.     

The identification of chemical intermediates in enzyme catalysis by the rapid quench-flow technique

Traditionally, enzyme transient kinetics have been studied by the stopped-flow and rapid quench-flow (QF) methods. Whereas stopped-flow is the more convenient, it suffers from two weaknesses: optically silent systems cannot be studied, and when there is a signal it cannot always be assigned to a particular step in the reaction pathway. QF is a chemical sampling method; reaction mixtures are aged for a few milliseconds or longer, ‘stopped’ by a quenching agent and the product or the intermediate is measured by a specific analytical method. Here we show that by exploiting the array of current analytical methods and different quenching agents, the QF method is a key technique for identifying, and for characterising kinetically, intermediates in enzyme reaction pathways and for determining the order by which bonds are formed or cleaved by enzymes acting on polymer substrates such as DNA. Received 24 May 2006; received after revision: 3 July 2006; accepted 19 July 2006     

Structure and evolution of the genetic code viewed from the perspective of the experimentally expanded amino acid repertoire in vivo

Much effort has been devoted recently to expanding the amino acid repertoire in protein biosynthesis in vivo. From such experimental work it has emerged that some of the non-canonical amino acids are accepted by the cellular translational machinery while others are not, i.e. we have learned that some determinants must exist and that they can even be anticipated. Here, we propose a conceptual framework by which it should be possible to assess deeper levels of the structure of the genetic code, and based on this experiment to understand its evolution and establishment. First, we propose a standardised repertoire of 20 amino acids as a basic set of conserved building blocks in protein biosynthesis in living cells to be the main criteria for genetic code structure and evolutionary considerations. Second, based on such argumentation, we postulate the structure and evolution of the genetic code in the form of three general statements: (i) the nature of the genetic code is deterministic; (ii) the genetic code is conserved and universal; (iii) the genetic code is the oldest known level of complexity in the evolution of living organisms that is accessible to our direct observation and experimental manipulations. Such statements are discussed as our working hypotheses that are experimentally tested by recent findings in the field of expanded amino acid repertoire in vivo. Received 30 June 1999; accepted 9 July 1999     

Possible involvement of protein kinase C in the stimulation of amino acid transport by phorbol ester,platelet-derived growth factor and A23187 in Swiss 3T3 cells

Summary Stimulation of amino acid transport induced by phorbol-12, 13-dibutyrate, platelet-derived growth factor or A23187 was not observed in cells lacking protein kinase C. On the other hand, stimulation of transport by epidermal growth factor or insulin was not affected. These results suggested that the stimulation of amino acid transport is mediated by at least two separate pathways.This work was supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, and the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan.     

Molecular aspects of membrane fission in the secretory pathway

Membrane fission is essential in various intracellular dissociative transport steps. The molecular mechanisms by which endocytic vesicles detach from the plasma membrane are being rapidly elucidated. Much less is known about the fission mechanisms operating at Golgi tubular networks; these include the Golgi transport and sorting stations, the trans-Golgi and cis-Golgi networks, where the geometry and physical properties of the membranes differ from those at the cell surface. Here we discuss the lipid and protein machineries that have so far been related to the fission process, with emphasis on those acting in the Golgi complex. Received 10 May 2002; received after revision 20 June 2002; accepted 26 June 2002 RID="*" ID="*"Corresponding author.     

关于地方科研院所重点实验室建设发展的战略思考——以广西科研院所重点实验室建设为例

以广西科研院所重点实验室建设为例,概述其建设在引导整合优化科技资源配置,培育区域科研特色优势、创新队伍建设和增强科技创新能力等方面取得的成效与启示;分析并针对其宏观管理、科研及实验室条件建设存在的问题,提出未来建设发展战略地位、发展目标与使命、发展方向与思路、发展战略与策略。     

高校产学研一体化发展的实践与前瞻

本文探讨我国高校产学研一体化发展的必要性、可行性及其前景。从人类社会发展的历史特点入手，并借鉴了美国硅谷发展的经验和我国改革开放推进社会主义市场发展的需求，对高校产学研一体化发展的道路作了论述。针对目前高校产学研一体化中存在的问题，作者提出了加速高校产学研一体化发展的四条建议：1，高校产学研一体化发展必须转变观念，积极参与社会大循环；2，推进高校产学研一体化要有过硬的产品和准确的市场定位；3，高校产学研一体化发展要依托高科技园区，切实解决经费投入问题；4，高校产学研一体化发展要突出以人为本的思想，努力造就发明家和企业家。