热采井筒瞬态温度场的数值模拟分析

利用有限元分析软件ANSYS分析了热采井筒的瞬态传热。分析结果表明 ,随着注汽的进行 ,在模型任一位置上的径向热流量均逐渐减小 ,能量损耗随着注汽周期的延长而下降。因此 ,适当延长注汽周期有利于节省能源。如果不能延长注汽时间 ,则可以通过适当地增大单位时间的注汽量来降低能量损失。     

浅薄层稠油油藏水平井蒸汽吞吐注汽参数分析

随着稠油开采技术的发展,水平井在浅层稠油开采上的应用规模逐渐扩大。为高效开发浅薄层稠油油藏,应用数值模拟方法及灰度关联分析方法研究了浅薄层稠油油藏蒸汽吞吐注汽参数的敏感性。研究结果表明,水平井蒸汽吞吐注汽参数敏感性排序为:注汽强度>蒸汽干度>焖井时间>注汽速度。并在此基础上,优化了某浅薄层油藏的注汽参数,优化结果为注汽强度14 t/m,蒸汽干度大于等于0.5,焖井时间为2～4 d,注汽速度300 t/d时,每周期注汽量较上一周期递增10%左右。该研究成果对此类油藏的高效开发具有重要的意义。     

超稠油掺稀油开采实验及数值模拟研究

蒸汽吞吐是增加稠油产量的一种经济而有效的方法,但该方法存在热损失大等问题,使注汽效果达不到预期的目的.采用在注蒸汽过程中向地层掺入稀油的方法来降低地层稠油的粘度,实验研究了超稠油掺稀油后粘度的变化,并按非线性混合方法计算了稠油与稀油混合后的粘度.通过数值模拟,考察了掺稀油的注入量、注入方式、注入时机、注稀油后的生产时间等参数对开发效果的影响.结果表明,在掺稀油开发超稠油的过程中,焖井结束后可适当延长生产时间,以增加周期产油量;掺稀油的最佳注入时机应选在第3或第4周期开始;周期注入稀油的量为10～15 m3,在此范围内,换油率较大;稀油的注入方式按2～3个段塞注入比较合适.注汽过程中掺稀油的方法可在很大程度上改善超稠油的开发效果.     

超稠油掺稀油开采实验及数值模拟研究

蒸汽吞吐是增加稠油产量的一种经济而有效的方法，但该方法存在热损失大等问题，使注汽效果达不到预期的目的。采用在注蒸汽过程中向地层掺入稀油的方法来降低地层稠油的粘度，实验研究了超稠油掺稀油后粘度的变化，并按非线性混合方法计算了稠油与稀油混合后的粘度。通过数值模拟，考察了掺稀油的注入量、注入方式、注入时机、注稀油后的生产时间等参数对开发效果的影响。结果表明，在掺稀油开发超稠油的过程中，焖井结束后可适当延长生产时间，以增加周期产油量；掺稀油的最佳注入时机应选在第3或第4周期开始；周期注入稀油的量为10-15m^3，在此范围内，换油率较大；稀油的注入方式按2-3个段塞注入比较合适。注汽过程中掺稀油的方法可在很大程度上改善超稠油的开发效果。     

增效注汽在井楼油田的研究与应用

随着井楼油田稠油热采进入开发后期,吞吐效果逐渐变差,主要表现在周期油汽比低,存水率上升,地层亏空,依据增效注汽原理和室内实验,在井楼油田六口油井上先后进行了增效注汽现场试验,试验表明:增效注汽可降低原油粘度,提高驱油效率,改善吸汽剖面的作用,为稠油热采的后期高效开发提供了可借鉴的经验。     

用物理化学辅助蒸汽吞吐技术改善超稠油开采效果

针对乐安油田超稠油区原油粘度大,注汽困难的开采特点,从超稠油渗流特征研究着手,采用物理化学辅助蒸汽吞吐技术提高该地区原油采收率,比较了采取不同强化注汽措施前后,采油情况的变化开展了以降粘剂、助排剂、声波助注器为主的物理化学辅助蒸汽吞吐的现场试验,见到了明显的增油效果,通过施使物理化学复合工艺,一般可提高油汽比０．１ ～０．５,并延长生产周期,增加采油量．     

注汽管柱管鞋下入深度对注汽动态的影响

针对蒸汽吞吐注汽管鞋放置在完井段顶部(模式A)和底部(模式B)两种模式,通过分析完井段水蒸气的变质量流特征建立了能量守恒方程,考虑随注入时间延长油层加热范围扩大对径向导热造成的影响,对时间函数进行了修正.以胜利油区单家寺油藏参数为基础,研究完井段蒸汽参数的变化特征.结果表明,管鞋模式A条件下,蒸汽流经完井段截面积突然增大以及变质量流动,会使汽液分离作用增大,重力效应增强,完井段的蒸汽参数变化比井筒的大;管鞋模式A完井段压力和蒸汽干度变化幅度比管鞋模式B的大,两种管鞋模式蒸汽干度变化方向相反,实际生产过程中,可以根据吞吐周期轮回改变管鞋下入深度,以改变完井段吸汽剖面;随完井段长度增加,射孔段顶底的蒸汽压差和干度差增大,注汽速度的选择应充分考虑注汽设备工作条件、油层破裂压力和油层的吸汽能力.     

江桥稠油油田水平井蒸汽吞吐数值模拟研究

针对江55块浅薄层稠油油藏直井开采难度大,经济效益差的特点,利用油藏数值模拟技术进行了水平井蒸汽吞吐开发效果研究及注采参数优化设计。数值模拟结果表明,对水平井蒸汽吞吐效果而言,井网1和井网2的开发效果相差不多,可根据实际情况选用;井距越大,采出程度越低。井距增加4倍,采出程度下降10%。结合理论计算和数值模拟结果,优选125m为水平井蒸汽吞吐最佳井距。周期注汽量越大,加热范围越大,采出程度增加,但是油汽比降低。兼顾二者,优选周期注汽量3 600 m3。随着蒸汽干度和焖井时间的增大,采油量增加,蒸汽干度最少在0.4以上,焖井时间要控制在合理范围15 d左右。     

注汽管柱管鞋下入深度对注汽动态的影响

针对蒸汽吞吐注汽管鞋放置在完井段顶部（模式A）和底部（模式B）两种模式，通过分析完井段水蒸气的变质量流特征建立了能量守恒方程，考虑随注入时间延长油层加热范围扩大对径向导热造成的影响，对时间函数进行了修正。以胜利油区单家寺油藏参数为基础，研究完井段蒸汽参数的变化特征。结果表明，管鞋模式A条件下，蒸汽流经完井段截面积突然增大以及变质量流动，会使汽液分离作用增大，重力效应增强，完井段的蒸汽参数变化比井筒的大；管鞋模式A完井段压力和蒸汽干度变化幅度比管鞋模式B的大，两种管鞋模式蒸汽干度变化方向相反，实际生产过程中，可以根据吞吐周期轮回改变管鞋下入深度，以改变完井段吸汽剖面；随完井段长度增加，射孔段顶底的蒸汽压差和干度差增大，注汽速度的选择应充分考虑注汽设备工作条件、油层破裂压力和油层的吸汽能力。     

海上稠油油藏井组蒸汽吞吐参数优选研究

为优化海上稠油油藏井组蒸汽吞吐相关参数,以渤海海域某稠油区块一井组为研究对象,充分考虑海上稠油热采配套工艺特点,以稠油热采数值模拟理论为基础,运用油藏数值模拟软件研究水平井长度、注采参数及注蒸汽顺序与时机对海上稠油蒸汽吞吐开发效果的影响。结果表明:该井组蒸汽吞吐开采时合理的水平井长度为300 m;合理的注采参数为第一周期注汽强度20 t/m,周期注汽量递增率为15%,注汽速度为250 m3/d,井底蒸汽干度为0.5,蒸汽温度为340℃,焖井时间为5 d,产液速度为200 m3/d;先注控制储量较高的井排,再注控制储量较低的井排且井排叠合率为0时蒸汽吞吐开发效果最好。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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