BOF-LF-CSP工艺低碳铝镇静钢精炼过程的夹杂物变化

对BOF-LF-CSP工艺生产低碳铝镇静钢精炼过程连续密集取样,运用ASPEX扫描电镜统计分析了夹杂物成分、尺寸分布和数量变化.发现喂铝线后夹杂物数密度和面积分数都急剧增加.精炼20 min至钙处理前软吹期间,夹杂物数密度变化不大,但夹杂物面积分数却明显下降.精炼结束时主要为含有少量CaO的MgO-Al₂O₃尖晶石类夹杂.钙处理后,夹杂物数密度和面积分数都有增加,主要为钙铝酸盐和由于喂入过量钙生成的CaS夹杂.     

LF精炼钢中氧化物夹杂的控制

理论总结分析LF精炼过程中氧化物夹杂的控制途径.从脱氧、炉渣精炼、底吹氩和钙处理等工艺研究分析钢中夹杂物的产生、去除与形态变化,来达到减少钢中夹杂物总量,改变夹杂物形态,减少夹杂物对钢的危害.     

高级别管线钢钙处理冶金效果研究

针对管线钢L360QS进行了钙处理实验研究,考查钢液中[Ca]、[S]对夹杂物变性的影响.结果表明,钢中的硫被脱到0.002%～0.003%(质量分数)范围内的较低水平,脱硫率最高达85.0%,与实验预期吻合.随着钢液中[S]增加,夹杂物中CaS+MnS的平均质量分数相应增加,但夹杂物中的CaS含量不一定增加.钙对夹杂物变性作用非常明显,[Ca]相对高的管线钢,其夹杂物绝大多数都变性为球形的含CaS钙铝酸盐复合夹杂,不存在MnS夹杂和MgO.Al2O3夹杂.为使氧化夹杂和硫化夹杂都变性完全,钢液中的硫的质量分数应控制在0.002%左右,钙的质量分数应控制在0.003 5%～0.004 0%,且[Ca]/[S]>1.9.     

气瓶钢精炼过程中的MgO·Al_2O_3夹杂物

研究了EAF-LF-VD-CC流程冶炼气瓶钢30CrMo时精炼过程中含MgO.Al2O3夹杂物的生成和转化,对夹杂物进行了三维分析观察.研究结果表明:LF精炼30min后夹杂物中Mg含量减小,Ca含量增加,MgO.Al2O3夹杂物消失.LF精炼后期Mg含量变化不大,Ca含量减小,未出现MgO.Al2O3夹杂物;VD精炼过程中夹杂物中的Mg含量增加,Ca含量变化不大,重新生成了MgO.Al2O3夹杂物;精炼过程中MgO.Al2O3夹杂物可以向复合夹杂物转变的,但为防止精炼后期MgO.Al2O3夹杂物重新生成必须保证钢液中具有一定的钙含量.     

高级别船板钢炉外精炼过程洁净度研究

为了研究采用BOF-LF-RH-CC工艺生产的A32船板钢洁净度水平,进行了三炉工业实验.通过对冶炼过程系统取样分析,研究了钢中总氧、氮含量变化,夹杂物的转变规律及机理.结果表明:该工艺生产的船板钢有较高的洁净度,中包总氧控制在2×10-5以下,氮含量控制在4×10-5以下;LF精炼过程中,钢中总氧、夹杂物数量密度和平均尺寸均降低,夹杂物转变为Ca O-Mg O-Al2O3三元系;RH精炼过程中,钢中总氧和夹杂物数量密度降低,而夹杂物平均尺寸升高;钙处理过程中,夹杂物数量密度升高,而夹杂物平均尺寸降低,夹杂物转变为Ca O-Al2O3-Ca S三元系.     

软吹氩流量对LF精炼ML08AL钢液中夹杂物的影响

为实现钢液的洁净化,在安泰集团90tBOF-90tLF-150×150mm~2CC生产线上,调整LF精炼中软吹氩流量,并在不同精炼工序和结晶器中取样,用光学显微镜和扫描电镜(SEM-EDS)的分析结果,研究软吹氩流量对ML08Al钢液中夹杂物行为及钙处理对夹杂物的影响。研究结果表明:250~300L/min的软吹氩流量能有效地脱除钢液中的夹杂物,对10μm的夹杂物脱除效果显著;在软吹前后,夹杂物平均尺寸从2.34μm减小到1.18μm,夹杂物面积分数从3 467.7μm~2/mm~2降低到413μm~2/mm~2.当软吹流量达到340L/min时,夹杂物的面积分数急剧上升,脱除效果变差。钙处理把铝脱氧产生的高熔点脆性Al_2O_3和MgO·Al_2O_3夹杂物变性为低熔点的钙铝酸盐类夹杂物;部分夹杂物变性为芯部是Al_2O_3外部包裹CaS的小尺寸球状复合夹杂物。     

RH精炼过程钢中非金属夹杂物行为及演变规律

以RH精炼为研究对象,在不同时间节点取样,采用金相显微镜、SEM等手段研究了钢中夹杂物成分、数量、尺寸分布的变化规律,并对RH过程夹杂物的碰撞聚合、长大、去除行为进行了讨论.结果表明:RH精炼过程中夹杂物的去除明显,软吹结束后,几乎没有大于10μm的夹杂物.随精炼时间延长,夹杂物平均粒径变化不大,但单位面积夹杂物数量显著减少,而夹杂物面积比呈先增大后降低的趋势.弹簧钢中硅酸盐夹杂物具有一定的硫容量,可形成边缘为富硫相,内核为硅酸盐的双层夹杂物.由于RH内钢水的强烈混合,固态夹杂物极易被液态铝酸钙夹杂物捕获,形成镶嵌特征的复合夹杂物.     

不同碱度精炼渣的冶金性能

通过工业实验,采用气体分析、成分分析和SEM等方法研究了4种不同精炼渣系的脱氧、脱硫和控制夹杂物形态的能力.实验结果表明:相比Al2O3质量分数对脱氧能力的影响,碱度的影响表现更明显.碱度越高越有利于脱氧,当碱度约为4时(渣系3),精炼渣几乎达到最大脱氧能力.碱度越高脱硫能力越强,碱度约为1.5时,基本失去脱硫功能;碱度超过3.5时,随着碱度的增加,脱硫能力增加相对变缓.相对渣系4,采用渣系3后球状的钙铝酸盐夹杂物得到了一定程度的控制.对于要求控制钙铝酸盐夹杂物的35CrMo钢种,可以选择渣系3作为精炼渣系.     

精炼渣成分与轴承钢夹杂物类型关系热力学分析

针对轴承钢中钙铝酸盐大型夹杂物的控制问题,通过计算GCr15轴承钢中尖晶石MgO·Al2 O3、钙的铝酸盐CaO·6Al2 O3夹杂物生成热力学,分析精炼渣成分与夹杂物类型之间的定量关系.结果表明：当钢水中含有质量分数0.10×10-6的溶解钙[Ca]时,只要溶解镁[Mg]质量分数小于10×10-6,MgO·Al2O3就会被[Ca]还原成 CaO·6Al2O3;当精炼渣碱度为7.04,(MgO)质量分数为1.38%时,钢水中溶解[Mg]质量分数比临界[Mg]质量分数低56%,夹杂物以尺寸大于10μm的CaO-Al2O3系复合夹杂为主;当精炼渣碱度为3.75,(MgO)质量分数3.14%时,钢水中溶解[Mg]质量分数比临界[Mg]质量分数低14%,夹杂物以尺寸小于8μm的MnS包裹MgO·Al2 O3复合夹杂为主;当精炼渣钙铝比C/A为1.8~2.0时,控制精炼渣碱度R为4.5~5.5,(MgO)质量分数为3%~5%,即能使钢中MgO·Al2O3保持稳定而不转变为CaO·6Al2O3.     

钙处理中间产物的形成及其对氧化铝夹杂的改性

通过观测钙处理前后夹杂物形貌和成分的变化,对钙处理效果、中间产物的形成及不同中间产物对氧化铝夹杂的改性路径进行了研究.结果表明,钙处理可将钢液中不规则固态夹杂改性为球形液态夹杂,并且各炉次夹杂物的改性程度不同.热力学分析表明,Als和S含量越高,氧化铝夹杂改性为液态的难度越大.钙处理后的短时间内,Ca S和CaO作为中间产物存在.通过建立中间产物生成的动力学模型,确定了生成不同中间产物的临界硫质量分数为11.1×10-6(钢液中溶解氧质量分数为4×10-6).由该模型结合结果分析,推断出不同中间产物对氧化铝的改性路径.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that