氧化物弥散强化钢的强化机理

采用粉末冶金法制备出成分为Fe-12.5Cr-2.5W-0.4Ti-0.02V-0.4Y₂O₃（12Cr-ODS,质量分数,%）的铁素体钢.通过电镜观察及力学性能测试等手段研究了12Cr-ODS铁素体钢的组织与性能,并定量计算了不同强化机制对合金屈服强度的贡献.电镜观察发现12Cr-ODS钢为等轴的铁素体组织,平均晶粒尺寸为1.5μm,不同尺寸氧化物在基体中均匀分布.力学性能测试结果表明12Cr-ODS钢具有优异的室温拉伸性能,屈服强度达到738 MPa.合金主要强化机制为氧化物弥散强化、氧化物弥散强化钢加工强化、热错配位错强化和晶界强化机制,各种强化机制计算得到的理论屈服强度为750 MPa,与实测值吻合较好.     

用于先进核能系统的12Cr-ODS铁素体钢的显微组织和力学性能

以12Cr--0.5Ti--1W的气雾化粉和纳米Y2O3粉末为原料,通过对预合金粉末的机械合金化和热等静压烧结成型的方法制备了12Cr--ODS铁素体钢,然后运用锻造和热处理等方法实现对材料力学性能的提高.在透射电子显微镜下观察到组织中弥散分布的纳米氧化物颗粒,能谱分析确定氧化物弥散颗粒为Y--Ti--O的复杂氧化物.利用抗拉强度测试和超声无损检测等方法对12Cr--ODS铁素体钢的力学性能进行了分析.     

化学法制备氧化物弥散强化钢中强化相（Y2O3）形成机理

开发了一种新型的制备氧化物弥散强化(ODS)铁素体钢的方法,用该方法研制的12Cr--ODS钢具有优异的室温和高温拉伸强度、较低的韧脆转化温度、良好的抗蠕变性能和抗辐照肿胀性能.分析了预合金粉末中氧化物(Y2O3)经焙烧热分解、热等静压的界面反应和热变形析出过程和演化行为,并提出选用合理的工艺技术有利于氧化物强化相均匀化.     

挤压态Cu-Al2O3弥散强化铜合金组织结构与强化机制的定量探讨

通过力学性能测试、金相和透射电镜观察等手段研究了热挤压态Cu-0.12Al2O3弥散强化铜合金的组织与性能.结果表明:挤压态Cu-Al2O3弥散强化铜合金的主要强化机制是细晶强化和弥散强化.细小的Al2O3相钉扎位错,强烈抑制基体的再结晶,造成材料小晶粒、多晶界效应,其平均亚晶粒大小仅为2~4μm.同时对不同强制机制对合金强度的贡献进行了定量计算,计算值与实验值吻合较好.     

高韧性420MPa级桥梁钢开发及强化机制分析

通过优化合金成分、改进控轧控冷工艺等手段,成功开发出屈服强度在480~530MPa,抗拉强度在560~630MPa,延伸率在21%~25%,-20℃冲击功全部在200J以上的Q420桥梁钢.对透射电镜下的析出相及金相显微组织中的晶粒尺寸进行相关统计计算,得到各类强化贡献量数值,并对Q420桥梁钢的强化机制进行了分析.分析结果表明:在新开发的Q420桥梁钢中析出强化贡献量占全部强度的10%以下,而固溶强化量及细晶强化量分别占全部强度的54%及36%,因此确认420MPa级桥梁钢的强化机制以固溶强化、细晶强化为主.     

挤压温度对Mg-3Zn-2.5Al-2.5Ca合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响

采用金相分析、扫描电镜分析、X射线衍射分析和拉伸测试等方法研究了不同挤压温度对Mg-3Zn-2.5Al-2.5Ca(ZAC333)合金的微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,铸态组织的平均晶粒尺寸为185μm;随着挤压温度从623K降低到523K,由于发生了明显的动态再结晶,合金的平均晶粒尺寸从6.32μm减小到3.36μm.ZAC333铸态合金中沿着晶界分布的半连续Al_2Ca和连续Ca_2Mg_6Zn_3第2相在热挤压过程中也发生了明显的破碎而沿着挤压方向分布.与铸态合金的力学性能相比,挤压态ZAC333合金的力学性能有明显的提高.挤压态合金的抗拉和屈服强度分别从176 MPa和284 MPa提高到292 MPa和334 MPa,而延伸率从18%降低到9%.ZAC333合金性能的改善主要归功于热挤压过程中的动态再结晶细晶强化和第2相粒子破碎而产生细化弥散强化的共同作用.     

Nd对含堆垛层错的铸态Mg–12Gd–2Zn–xNd–0.4Zr合金组织和力学性能的影响

镁合金以其高比强度、高比刚度、低密度等优点在航空航天、交通运输等领域显示出越来越大的潜力。但在实际使用过程中,镁合金仍存在塑性差、绝对屈服强度偏低、拉压不对称等问题。为了研究稀土元素Nd对镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响与强化机制,本文以Mg–12Gd–2Zn–xNd–0.4Zr合金为研究对象,分别添加0, 0.5wt%, 1wt%的Nd元素。通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、透射电镜和XRD研究Nd对Mg–12Gd–2Zn–xNd–0.4Zr合金显微组织的影响,通过拉伸试验机、纳米压痕仪和显微硬度计测试了合金的力学性能。结果表明:显微组织主要由α–Mg基体、共晶相和堆垛层错(SFs)组成;Nd的加入对晶粒细化和组织均匀化起着重要作用。随着Nd添加量的增加,合金的拉伸屈服强度和显微硬度增加,压缩屈服强度降低,导致合金的反向拉压不对称性减弱。当Nd含量为1wt%时,合金的力学性能最好,其抗拉强度和抗压强度分别达到194 MPa和397 MPa,压缩屈服强度和拉伸屈服强度比值降低为1.05。     

700MPa级Ti-Nb-V-Mo复合微合金化高强钢的工业研制

基于CSP工艺,采用Ti基复合微合金技术、控轧控冷及平整工艺,开发了屈服强度700 MPa级别的薄规格高强钢,借助SEM、TEM、EDS和力学性能测试等,分析了不同轧制工艺参数对高强钢性能、组织及析出物的影响.结果表明,该高强钢组织由准多边形铁素体及极少量粒状珠光体构成;薄规格强化及冷却速度控轧的细晶强化、卷取温度控制...     

中国低活化马氏体钢组织性能及强化机理

通过光学显微镜、透射电镜和化学相分析等方法研究了中国低活化马氏体(CLAM)钢的组织特征、析出行为及其与性能的关系.结果表明:CLAM钢淬火态组织为马氏体,760℃回火后组织转变为细小均匀的索氏体.其室温下的抗拉强度为697MPa,屈服强度为652MPa,延伸率为24.4%;600℃时抗拉强度为453MPa,屈服强度为452MPa,延伸率为23%.韧脆转变温度为-60℃.CLAM钢中的析出物主要为30～70 nm的M23C6和Ta(C,N),这些主要分布在晶界且少量弥散分布于晶内的析出物是强化CLAM钢的主要方式之一.     

Ti微合金化450～550 MPa级耐候钢组织性能研究

设计了屈服强度达450～550 MPa级高强耐候钢化学成分,在实验室进行冶炼和热轧试验,测试和观察了试验钢的力学性能和显微组织,分析了 Ti含量对Ti微合金化耐候钢性能的影响.结果表明,试验钢的金相组织主要为在多边形铁素体基体上分布少量的珠光体;Ti微合金化耐候钢具有足够的强度和塑性,随着w(Ti)从0.025%增加到0.07%,试验钢的屈服强度从360 MPa增加到550 MPa;采用传统控轧控冷工艺可生产出屈服强度达450～550 MPa级高强耐候钢.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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