时效处理对Cu-Fe-P合金硬度和导电率的影响

研究了时效及时效前的冷变形和时效后冷却方式对Cu 2 .5wt? 0 .0 3wt%P合金显微硬度和导电率的影响。结果表明 ,合金固溶后 ,时效前冷变形可促进析出相形核和生长 ,而时效后炉冷比空冷更易获得较高导电率 ;在 5 2 5℃时效 3h ,随炉缓冷可使合金导电率达 6 7%IACS ,再经 80 %冷变形 ,4 2 0℃时效 3h后 ,可以使合金导电率和显微硬度进一步提高 ,精整变形后 ,分别达 6 8%IACS和 14 5HV。     

Cu-Ni-Si-Cr合金时效处理后的组织与性能

研究了时效与时效前的冷变形对Cu-2．37Ni-0．58Si-0．39Cr合金时效后硬度及导电率的影响，结果表明：合金经920℃固溶处理后，在500℃时效时可获得较高的硬度，而在550℃时效可得到较高的导电率；合金时效前的冷变形可加速时效析出，试样经80％变形后，在500℃时效1h，显微硬度可达HV271，而固溶态直接时效仅为HV239。合金在时效析出过程中有两种类型的析出相，分别为Cr3Si和Ni2Si。     

时效对Cu-1.0Ni-0.25Si-0.10Zn合金硬度与导电率的影响

分析了时效与冷变形对Cu 1.0Ni 0 .2 5Si 0 .10Zn合金的硬度与导电率的影响规律 ,结果表明 :合金经 85 0℃固溶处理后在 4 5 0℃时效时 ,第二相呈弥散分布 ,表现出较大的稳定性 ,在 5 2 5℃时效时第二相的析出速度较快 ,时效后可获得较高的导电率 ;时效前的冷变形可以加速时效析出过程 ,在时效的初期尤为明显。合金采用分级时效工艺处理后 ,可得到高的硬度 (HV171)和较高的导电率 (5 9.5 %IACS)。     

时效对Cu-1.ONi-0.25Si-0.10Zn合金硬度与导电率的影响

分析了时效与冷变形对Cu-1.ONi-0.25Si-0.10Zn合金的硬度与导电率的影响规律,结果表明合金经850℃固溶处理后在450℃时效时,第二相呈现弥散分布,表现出较大的稳定性,在525℃时效时第二相的析出速度较快,时效后可获得较高的导电率;时效前的冷变形可以加速时效析出过程,在时效的初期尤为明显.合金采用分能时效工艺处理后,可得到高的硬度(HV171)和较高的导电率(59.5%LACS).     

形变热处理对Cu0.3Cr0.1Zr合金上引铸坯杆组织性能的影响

通过对上引Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金固溶处理、冷拉拔以及随后的时效处理工艺,研究冷拉拔形变及时效对材料力学性能、导电性能及组织结构的影响规律.结果表明:时效前的冷拉拔变形能提高Cu-0.3Cr-0.1Zr合金的力学性能而保持较高的导电率;合金在950 ℃固溶1 h后,经70%冷拉拔变形和500 ℃时效4 h,合金抗拉强度和导电率分别达到了418 MPa和87 %IACS;时效合金组织转变过程为:固溶体→G.P.区→Cr+Cu₄Zr,析出相对位错运动的阻碍是合金强化的重要机制.     

时效工艺对Cu-Ag-Zr合金电磨损性能的影响

对Cu-0．1Ag-0．18Zr合金时效后的电导率、显微硬度以及电滑动磨损性能进行了研究。结果表明：该合金940℃固溶1h后，在560℃时效可获得较高的电导率，在480℃时效可获得较高的显微硬度。时效前冷变形能大大加快第二相的析出过程，使合金综合性能显著提高。该合金经940℃固溶再经60％变形后，在480℃时效1h，其电导率和显微硬度分别可达85．6％IACS和HV131．2，而固溶后直接时效为81．3％IACS和HV116．1。在载流条件下，合金的磨损量随加载电流的增加而增大；磨损机制是以电蚀为主的电蚀、犁削和磨粒磨损。     

高强Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金时效分析及其相变方程

研究了Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金固溶后时效处理工艺对其导电率的影响,通过导电率与析出的第二相体积分数的关系推导了该合金的相变动力学方程.结果表明：随着时效时间的延长,导电率开始增加较快,4 h时效后增速减慢;时效温度越高,时效初期导电率的升高速率越快,最终导电率也越高;时效过程中,导电率的升高率与第二相的析出量存在一定的线性关系.推导了该合金在500℃内不同温度下时效时的相变动力学方程和导电率方程,由该导电率方程所得的计算值与试验值相符.     

高强耐磨铝青铜热处理工艺的研究

通过正交试验和对比试验优化了Cu14AlX铝青铜合金的硬化热处理工艺 ,找出了热处理过程中影响该合金硬化性能的 4种因素的主次顺序是 :固溶温度、时效时间、时效温度和固溶时间 .进一步研究证明通过 84 0～ 880℃油淬固溶和 5 70～ 6 0 0℃空冷时效处理 ,合金能够得到 4 8.2HRC的最高硬度 .硬化的原因是时效过程中共析相γ2 的均匀细化和κ相的弥散析出 .     

热处理对 Cu-0．23Be-0．84Co 合金性能和组织的影响

利用硬度计、导电仪和金相电子显微镜,分析了固溶和时效对 Cu-0．23Be-0．84Co 合金性能和组织的影响。研究结果表明：Cu-0．23Be-0．84Co 合金经950℃×1 h 固溶、480℃×4 h 时效处理后,综合性能指标较好,其中,硬度可达117．0HB,导电率达71．6％IACS;在试验范围内,随着固溶温度的升高,晶粒结构形貌相似,未溶物逐渐减少,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大;950℃时,晶粒呈等轴状,大小均匀,固溶较完全;时效后,试验合金内部保留着较清晰的应变孪晶,强化相在晶界处不连续析出、集聚而产生黑色组织,且黑色组织数量随着时效时间的延长不断增多。     

微量Co对Cu-0.2Be合金组织性能的影响

采用大气熔铸工艺制备不同Co含量的Cu-0.2Be-XCo合金（X=0、0.5%、1.0%,质量分数）,采用维氏硬度计、金属电导率测试仪及金相显微镜对合金的性能及组织进行测试.结果表明：随着Co含量的增加,铸态Cu-0.2Be-XCo合金的中心等轴晶区域逐渐扩大、粗大柱状晶区域减小,晶粒明显细化;Co的添加提高了铸态合金硬度,但同时降低了导电率,Cu-0.2Be-1.0Co合金的硬度较Cu-0.2Be合金增加23.5%,而导电率降低39.9%.合金经950℃×1 h固溶+460℃不同时间时效后,Cu-0.2Be合金导电率及硬度随时效时间基本不发生变化,Cu-0.2Be-0.5Co合金及Cu-0.2Be-1.0Co合金导电率及硬度在时效初期（0~2 h）急剧升高,中期（2~4 h）缓慢增加,后期（4~8 h）趋于稳定.时效态Cu-0.2Be-0.5Co合金的综合性能较佳,经460℃×2 h时效,导电率为57.1%IACS,硬度（HV）为243.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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