远射程发射装药与模块装药

该文论述155mm火炮装药系统。该装药采用了高增面性火药及其药型，低压力温度系数装药，以及提高小号装药压力的补偿装药等技术。这是一种高威力的发射装药系统(HPPCS)，它可以将45倍口径、23L药室的155mm火炮(45-23-155mm)初速提高到945～960m／s。HPPCS适用于39-18-155mm、45-23-155mm、52-23-155mm火炮系统。HPPCS有2种弹道方案可供选择：一个是用45-23-155mm火炮发射ERFB弹，将初速提高到945m／s，另一个方案是将初速提高到960m／s。这2种选择都用双模块装药和全等模块装药。射击试验和模拟计算结果显示，初速、最大压力、温度系数都与设计的一致。     

钝感火药装药膛内实际燃烧规律的研究

目的 研究钝感火药装药膛内的实际燃烧规律,方法 制备一种双基钝感火药,并在大口径火炮上进行射击实验,用内弹道势平衡的方法研究了该钝感火药装药膛内的实际燃烧规律,结果 采用钝感火药装药后,膛内实际燃烧的热平衡点参数向后移动,钝感 火药装药燃气生成函数可分别用三次函数和二次函数的拟合式表示,其膛内实际燃烧速度函数可表示为以相结压力冲量为自变量的指数函数或正比函数,结论利用内弹道势平衡方法研究钝感火药装     

低温感包覆火药装药膛压和初速变化规律分析

本文结合低温感包覆火药３７ｍｍ高炮射击试验结果，分析研究了该新型火药装药膛压和初速的变化规律，为低温感装药技术的研究及推广应用提供了有价值的参考。     

软点火理论在高装填密度装药火炮上的应用

该文介绍软点火理论在高装填密度装药火炮上的应用，给出了软点火系统的设计思想和设计方法。通过在某滑膛炮上的多次实验验证及其采用两相流内弹道软件的数值计算，从理论与实验两个方面表明，这种新型点火构思及设计理论是正确的，弹道功能达到或超过普通金属点火管的水平。从而为采用可燃药筒的高装填密度火炮装药提供了一种新型点火理论与方法。     

火炮装药设计专家系统绘图软件研究

介绍一个火炮装药设计专家系统（ＥＳＧＣＤ） 的绘图软件系统,分析了系统的功能、特点、模块组成和设计流程,重点讨论了火炮装药结构的数据结构。该系统是ＥＳＧＣＤ的人机接口重要组成部分,能将ＥＳＧＣＤ 的结果可视化,并可进行交互式修改,具有友好的用户界面     

自调复进速度装置的探讨

在射角变化大,装药号变化多,并且采用半自动炮闩的火炮上为了解决既保证小号装药大射角射击时有足够的开闩速度,又要保证在小射角大号装药射击时复进速度不过大,不破坏复进稳定性和开闩不过猛的矛盾,我们对弹簧活塞瓣式自调复进速度装置进行了探讨并在     

短管炮模块装药两相流内弹道模拟

大口径火炮模块发射装药通常由多个模块组成,流场结构复杂。该文对燃烧场进行分区模化,并在此基础上给出两相流内弹道理论模型和计算步骤,编制程序对短管试验炮膛内发射过程进行了数值模拟。结果表明,膛内的压力、压差及弹丸速度等参量的理论计算结果与实验吻合得较好,模拟结果有较高的置信度。该模型和计算程序可用于模块装药结构火炮内弹道模拟、装药设计和安全性能分析     

火炮发射过程中装药响应数值模拟研究

为研究火炮发射过程弹体内部装药的响应,采用节点约束-分离模拟方法对PBX9501炸药装药进行损伤数值模拟,采用Visco-SCRAM模型进行点火数值模拟,计算分别得到了PBX9501装药损伤和点火的临界弹体初速. 研究结果表明,采用节点约束-分离方法可以较好地描述弹体发射过程中内部炸药装药的损伤响应, Visco-SCRAM模型和裂纹摩擦点火模型可以描述装药点火响应.     

曲线后坐火炮后坐阻力规律的分析与研究

曲线后坐技术是用于保持轻型火炮射击稳定状态的重要技术手段之一，研究在采用曲线后坐技术的同时，后坐阻力规律对火炮射击稳定性的影响，直接关系到曲线后坐火炮设计的好坏。该文分析了曲线后坐火炮射击稳定性的影响因素，研究了后坐阻力规律的变化对火炮射击稳定性的影响和基于火炮动力学分析的优化后坐阻力规律，作为实例，分析了某曲线后坐模拟实验炮的射击稳定性情况，并给出优化的后坐阻力规律。     

火药填充床中温度场的测定与数值计算

该文研究了多层壁面有限长轴对称火药颗粒床中药粒的传热过程，采用热电偶对药粒的温度场进行实验测定。理论计算时，利用控制容积法导出了１组差分离散格式，并在计算机上进行了数值模拟。结果表明，数值解与实验值基本一致，从而为发射装药实时平均温度的确定奠定了基础。经进一步研究，有可能广泛适用于目前现装备火炮及未来各类火炮弹药温度对初速修正的需要，同时也可推广到不便直接测温的填充床等化工系统。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has