乙交脂(GA)的合成及表征

以中试车间生产的羟基乙酸为原料，经溶剂萃取法提纯，通过羟基乙酸预聚再解聚制备乙交酯．研究表明，催化剂种类、催化剂用量、预聚时间、解聚时间对乙交酯的产率都有影响，为乙交酯的工业化生产提供了合理的工艺流程．     

羟基化合物存在下醇铁催化丙交酯开环聚合机理研究

以乙醇铁、正丁醇铁为催化剂,研究了在丙交酯/醇铁的聚合体系中引入羟基化合物催化丙交酯开环聚合的机理。羟基化合物为苄醇时,聚合产物分子是以苄氧基和乳酰基为端基的聚乳酸(PLA),聚合产物的分子量受丙交酯/苄醇摩尔投料比控制;当羟基化合物为聚乙二醇(PEG)时,聚合产物的分子结构为PLA-PEG-PLA的三嵌段共聚物,分子链的端基结构均为乳酰基结构单元,聚合产物的LA/PEG摩尔比与投料比基本一致,醇铁在其中起促进PEG参与聚合成酯的作用。这些结果表明在含羟基化合物的丙交酯/醇铁聚合体系中,羟基化合物作为共引发剂参与了丙交酯的开环聚合。在聚合过程中,羟基化合物首先与醇铁作用形成一种复合物,在这种复合物作用下,丙交酯的酰氧键断裂,按配位-插入机理进行增长。     

高分子量聚L-乳酸(PLLA)的合成研究

以L-乳酸为原料,采用丙交酯开环聚合法合成聚L-乳酸(PLLA).通过对单体纯度、催化剂用量、聚合温度、聚合时间等影响因素的考察,得出了合成粘均分子量可达到50万的PLLA的最佳条件.由于开环聚合制备PLLA反应的重现性较差,实验中对催化剂的用量及其在反应器中的分布均匀性、聚合的真空度以及聚合温度等影响反应重现性的因素进行了考察.最终得出聚合温度是影响反应重现性的重要因素.图6,表1,参11.     

聚乙交酯公斤级生产途径探索

探索聚乙交酯的工业生产途径,以氯乙酸为原料,与氢氧化钠成盐后在真这下热解制得乙交酯单体,纯化后进行开环聚合成成功地获得了高相对分子质量聚乙交酯,研究了取乙交酯的制备以及催化剂和引发剂用量对聚合反应的影响,以苯酚／1,1,2,2－甲氯乙烷（m/m＝1：1）作溶剂,在30℃下测定了聚乙交酯溶液的特性粘数。结果表明,合成出的聚乙交酯特性粘数[η]在0．64－1．36dL/g之间可调。     

以二乙醇胺为共引发剂的PLA的合成与表征

以辛酸亚锡[sn(oct)2]为催化剂，二乙醇胺(DEA)为共引发剂在130℃进行DL-丙交酯开环聚合环聚合36h,单体转化率平均约为75%,基本上与DEA投料比无关.^H NMR分析结果表明，DEA参与了引发丙交酯的开环聚合，DL-丙交酯是沿着DEA分子两端开环聚合，分子链的链端结构为以羟基为端基的丙交酯结构单元。聚合物的相对分子质量和Tg随DEA投料比增加而降低；^1H NMR法测定的相对分子质量均比根据投料比计算的小，这主要与聚合体系中由于杂质如水份和氧存在有关；与只用Sn(Oct)2催化聚合的聚丙交酯相比，用DEA作共引发剂而得的聚合物有更强的亲水性，且随着DEA投料比的增大而增强。     

L-丙交酯催化合成聚L-乳酸

采用自制、提纯的L-丙交酯(LLA),用辛酸亚锡作催化剂,在减压下进行聚L-乳酸(PLLA)的开环聚合研究.考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量与合成的聚L-乳酸分子量的关系.实验结果表明:反应温度为150℃,反应时间为64 h,单体与催化剂比值为16 000时,合成的聚L-乳酸分子量最高.采用差热分析和扫描电镜技术对所合成的聚L-乳酸的热性能和表面形貌进行了表征.     

聚L-乳酸的合成及表征

为得到高分子质量的聚L-乳酸（Poly（L-lactide）,PLLA）,研究了包括L-丙交酯的制备、提纯、开环聚合以及合成工艺的影响因素和产物的性能评价等内容。在辛酸亚锡（Sn（Oct）2）与氧化锌（ZnO）复合催化剂作用下制备L-丙交酯,采用自制的（Sn（Oct）2）有机溶剂为催化剂制备PLLA。并运用DSC、IR、1H-NMR、GPC等分析手段对合成得到的L-丙交酯及PLLA进行表征。实验结果表明：最终得到了粘均分子量达到294,980的PLLA。     

聚乳酸的合成和改性研究进展

聚乳酸类材料是一种用途广泛的生物降解高分子材料,已经成为生物医用材料中最受重视的材料之一.乳酸均聚物的合成主要有两种方法:丙交酯开环聚合法和直接缩聚法.直接缩聚法包括溶液缩聚和熔融缩聚;按照反应机制,开环聚合法包含阴离子型开环聚合、阳离子型开环聚合和配位开环聚合.本文讨论了各种聚合方法的机制和研究进展.由于乳酸均聚物合成的成本高,产物分子量低及其疏水性、脆性等性能缺陷,限制了其应用范围,目前对聚乳酸的研究主要集中在改性上,本文详细介绍了共聚、交联、表面修饰等化学改性方法和共混、增塑、纤维复合等物理改性方法的最新研究进展.并对聚乳酸的合成及改性的研究方向进行了展望,改进聚乳酸的合成工艺条件,使用无毒或低残留量的催化剂;用新材料对聚乳酸进行改性.在克服原有缺点的基础上开发出新用途的聚乳酸材料.     

PLGA的合成、表征及其导管支架的制备

用质量百分比为80％的L-丙交酯与20％的乙交酯进行开环聚合,得到聚（L-丙交酯-CO-乙交酯）（80／20）,并用红外光谱和氢核磁共振光谱进行了表征．对合成条件与PLGA相对分子量的关系进行了研究．研究结果表明,合成高分子量PLGA的最优条件是：聚合温度为140℃,反应时间为48h,单体与引发剂的摩尔比（n（M）／n（I））为8000／1．结合溶液浇铸与盐沥滤技术,PLGA被制作成多孔导管支架．PLGA导管支架具有相互连通的孔墙结构．     

一种星形水溶性聚合物的合成

以羟基功能化的聚酯为引发剂,引发对二氧环己酮的开环聚合制备以聚酯为核、聚对二氧环己酮为臂的星形聚合物.星形聚合物经溴化后,引发聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯的原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)合成以聚对二氧环己酮-b-聚甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯为臂的星形聚合物,并经红外测试表明聚合物已成功合成.这种星形聚合物含有聚对二氧环己酮和聚甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯,是一种水溶性聚合物.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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