三峡水库诱发地震的监测与预报（英文）

三峡水利枢纽规模宏大,举世瞩目,具有巨大的防洪、供水、发电、航运等综合效益,是开发治理长江的骨干工程.三峡工程建在坚实的花岗岩基础上,三峡水库已初步形成.根据最大历史地震震级并适当加权,确定库区最大可信地震为6级左右.在仙女山和九湾溪断裂一带,(距坝址为18km)存在诱发地震的可能,震级ML在5.0~5.8级.对坝址的影响烈度为VI度,不会对按烈度VII度设防的枢纽主要建筑物构成直接威胁.三峡水库蓄水运行后,地震频次与强度虽有所增加,但地震活动仍保持在三峡地区原有弱地震活动本底状态[1,2].三峡工程在1993年开工,2009年全部建成.三峡水库在2003年6月开始蓄水,并从2010年10月26日起,连续6年试验性蓄水到175m.三峡水库总长660km,平均宽度1.0~1.5km,总水域面积1 084km2.随着库水位升高,库容及水域面积加大,发生水库诱发地震的可能性也将加大.必须加强对三峡水库诱发地震的监测与预报,预防地震及地质灾害,确保工程建设及运行安全,构建和谐社会,促进库区长治久安.     

长江三峡工程诱发地震监测研究

随着长江三峡水库蓄水及蓄水量的变化，必将引起库坝地区局部介质受力状态、介质物理性质和区域应力场等的变化，从而可能诱发水库地震。为有效监测库区地壳变形、构造断裂的活动趋势、库盘沉降及水库诱发地震活动，在库坝区建立水库诱发地震监测系统是必要的。文章简要介绍了长江三峡水库诱发地震监测系统的建设情况。     

肯斯瓦特水利枢纽工程发电厂房左侧边坡断层F15的影响与处理效果分析

肯斯瓦特水利枢纽地形地貌及地质条件复杂,工程区属地震基本烈度8度区,区域构造稳定性较差,坝址区较大断层F15从发电厂房左侧边坡小角度斜穿而过,该边坡采用1∶0.3坡比,垂直开挖高度21m,由断层破碎带可能给厂房基础开挖施工带来威胁和影响.最终通过采取及时合理的支护措施及施工方法,减少对该岩质边坡造成破坏的地质影响,从而为厂房基础施工开挖提供安全保障.     

震级与烈度

当发生地震时,地震局会发布地震的震级和烈度通告。比如类似这样的通告：“据中国地震台网测定,北京时间2013年4月20日8时02分46秒,四川省雅安市芦山县发生里氏7．0级地震,震源深度13公里,最大烈度为9度。”那么,地震的震级和烈度有什么不同之处呢？     

1948年10月9日贵州省威宁地震研究

1948年10月9日至10日,在贵州省威宁县石门(坎)发生了2次破坏性地震.本次地震是贵州省境内近百年来震级最大的地震.地震为双震模式,地震震级为6.2级,宏观震中为N 27.36°、E 103.95°.重新编制的地震等烈度图显示,极震区地震烈度达到Ⅸ度,等震线呈椭圆形,长轴走向NNE,与主构造线方向基本一致.地震的发震构造为石门断裂.建议将本次地震命名为“1948年10月9日贵州省威宁6.2级地震”.     

海原地震Ⅸ度带内滑坡与地质地貌因素之间的相关关系

1920年海原地震是我国历史上最大的地震之一,在极震区诱发了数千个大规模形态多样的黄土滑坡,对Ⅸ度烈度带内滑坡灾害密集的静宁县境内做了详细的调查,获取大量数据,并进行统计分析,找出此次地震诱发的滑坡与区域地质地貌因素之间存在的相关关系．     

水库诱发地震未超出预测

<正>2003年三峡水库蓄水后,库区地震活动增加了,而且和水位有比较明显的相关性。但是水库诱发的地震,99%以上都是0.5~1级的小震,最大地震是2013年12月16日发生在巴东县的5.1级地震。经专家初步判断,水库地震的活跃期已过,最大震级将不会超过论证时预测的5.5级。库区地震活动统计三峡工程蓄水后,库区地震活动频次比蓄水前明显增强,地震强度主要以微震和极微震(震级3.0级)活动为主。地震     

1879年甘肃武都南8级地震的震灾特征

1879年7月1日(即清光绪五年五月十二日)在甘肃南部的武都、文县之间发生了一次8级大地震,称为武都南地震,震中烈度达Ⅺ度.本次地震造成了严重的建筑物破坏和滑坡、崩塌、次生水灾等震害和约2万余人死亡.本文简要回顾了武都南8级地震的研究历史,归纳总结了本次地震的烈度分布特征和衰减规律,重新绘制了烈度等震线图,重点对本次地震的震害类型及特征、地震形变特征和震后抗灾救灾等情况进行了综合分析与评述.总体上看,本次地震震级大,人员伤亡率高,破坏区范围广,震灾非常严重.科学总结和分析本次地震的震灾特征,对未来的大震科学研究、震灾防御和应急救援等均有重要科学意义和实用价值.     

虎跳峡水库诱发地震探讨

在虎跳峡水电工程区构造格架和历史地震的系统研究的基础上 ,对水库诱发地震的工程区地壳岩体力学环境、地热及地化异常、介质特征等方面进行定性分析 ;运用概率分析法 ,又对其进行了定量研究。结果表明该工程蓄水后 ,会诱发地震 ,并且最大震级达 4.7级     

602_(-1)工程土坝抗震试验研究报告

一、工程简况与试验的目的内容 (一)工程一般情况与坝址区地质介绍 毛家村土坝在云南以礼河上游,坝址位于第四纪松散岩层上,河床部分冲积层厚度 是大达32、25公尺一般20公尺左右,颗粒组成以卵砾石为主,两岸山坡都分亦复盖 有相当厚的冲积层,[坝址区地震设计烈度力8度]。 图1为毛家村土坝平面布置图。 图2为毛家村土坝V号坝轴线地质剖面图。 (二)坝型及筑坝材料 本坝由云南昆明水电设计院负责设计,设计的最大坝高为 80公尺,坝顶长约460 公尺,坝型方案比较采用过心墙坝(图3),斜墙坝(图4)均质坝(图5)三种,初 步签定心墙撕我们以它力准,作模型…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has