"鸭传染性肿头症"病毒的分离及部分特性研究

成都地区鸭场中流行一种以发病鸭头颈肿胀为特征的传染病,发病率、死亡率均可达到80％以上,各种年龄、品种均易感,危害十分严重,我们通过流行这调查、血凝和血凝抑制试验、中和试验和临床防治试验排除了鸭瘟病毒、禽流感病毒、鸭肝炎病毒、番鸭细小病毒感染的可能性,从典型病例中分离出病毒,在雏鸭上复制出与自然发病相同的病例;电镜下观察了该病毒为圆形或卵圆形,大小为50－70nm,无囊膜;对氯仿有抵抗,对鸭胚的LD50为8．67,无血凝性,初步认为本病是一种新鸭病,暂定名为“鸭传染性肿头症”。     

绞股蓝中苯甲醇葡萄糖甙的分离与鉴定

从绞股蓝（Gymostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb)Makino)中分离得到苯甲醇－β-D－吡喃葡萄糖甙，通过化学和光谱分析鉴定了结构。该化合物系首次从绞股蓝属植物中分得。     

一株硫氧化菌的筛选与表征

利用液体选择培养基、固体选择培养基从污泥中筛选出一种可以氧化低价硫的菌株,该菌为革兰氏阴性菌,在光学显微镜下有较强的运动能力.对含有该菌的培养基进行pH值检测,在培养的第3天发现pH值有显著下降,继续培养一周左右,pH值下降到0.6;用离子色谱进行检测,培养5天,液体培养基中硫酸根含量从249.2mg.L-1增加到3679.7mg.L-1;将菌液加入FeS培养基中,培养2周后,FeS被氧化,培养基颜色变浅.     

Isolation and characterization of soybean NBS analogs

Isolation of plant resistance genes is greatly helpful to crop resistance breeding and the insight of resistance mechanism. The cloned plant resistance genes are classified into four classes according to their putative structural domain, of which the majority possesses nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain that consists of P-loop, kinase2a and kinase3a. The conservation of this domain affords the potential possibility of cloning the plant resistance genes, which is homology-based cloning technique. In the present study, the degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed according to the tobaccoN andArabidopsis RPS2, and 358 clones were isolated from the genomic DNA of resistance soybean cultivar Kefengl, resistant to soybean mosaic virus, and 4 open-reading NBS analogs were finally characterized and designated asKNBS1, KNBS2, KNBS3 andKNBS4. Southern hybridization suggested that they were present with multicopy in the soybean genome;KNBS4 was mapped to F linkage group andKNBS2 co-located J linkage group with the SCAR marker ofRsa resistant to soybean mosaic virus by RFLP analysis. Northern analysis suggested thatKNBS2- related sequence was low and constitutively expressed in the root, stem and leaves of soybean. The detailed characterization of NBS analogs is very helpful to ultimately cloning the soybean resistance gene.     

Isolation and characterization of the human pulmonary surfactant apoprotein gene

Pulmonary surfactant is a phospholipid-protein complex which serves to lower the surface tension at the air-liquid interface in the alveoli of the mammalian lung and is essential for normal respiration. Inadequate levels of surfactant at birth, a frequent situation in premature infants, results in respiratory failure. In all species examined, surfactant is composed primarily of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and two major protein species of relative molecular mass (Mr) 32,000 (32K) and 10K (refs 2-5). Reconstitution in vitro of purified 32K pulmonary surfactant apoprotein (PSAP) with synthetic lipids forms a lipoprotein complex that lowers surface tension by spreading to create a thin interfacial film. Here we describe the cloning of the human PSAP gene and complementary DNA, and discuss features of the unusual encoded protein.     

翼梗五味子木脂素成份的分离与鉴定

从云南产翼梗五味子(Schisandra henryi)茎中通过溶剂提取和硅胶柱层析分离了4个木脂素成分,经波谱分析及与标准品对照鉴定它们的结构分别为异安五脂素(isoanwulignan,1)、benzoyl-gomisin Q(2)、五味子酯甲(schisantherin A,3)和gomisin G(4),均系首次自该植物中分得。     

一株螺旋状铁氧化细菌的分离及特性研究

利用双层平板培养技术，从云南腾冲地区高温温泉边酸性水中分离出1株螺旋状铁氧化细菌ML-04，对该菌的理化特性研究结果显示，该菌专性化能自养，可利用亚铁和黄铁矿为能源，不能氧化硫磺、四硫酸盐、硫代硫酸盐，最适生长温度40℃，最适生长pH2．5．对砷黄铁矿的浸矿实验表明，ML-04菌株可以有效浸出矿粉中的铁和硫元素．     

Isolation and characterization of a protochordate histocompatibility locus

Histocompatibility--the ability of an organism to distinguish its own cells and tissue from those of another--is a universal phenomenon in the Metazoa. In vertebrates, histocompatibility is a function of the immune system controlled by a highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which encodes proteins that target foreign molecules for immune cell recognition. The association of the MHC and immune function suggests an evolutionary relationship between metazoan histocompatibility and the origins of vertebrate immunity. However, the MHC of vertebrates is the only functionally characterized histocompatibility system; the mechanisms underlying this process in non-vertebrates are unknown. A primitive chordate, the ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, also undergoes a histocompatibility reaction controlled by a highly polymorphic locus. Here we describe the isolation of a candidate gene encoding an immunoglobulin superfamily member that, by itself, predicts the outcome of histocompatibility reactions. This is the first non-vertebrate histocompatibility gene described, and may provide insights into the evolution of vertebrate adaptive immunity.     

造纸黑液中木质素的分离与结构表征

为了综合利用造纸黑液,分别采用H2SO4溶液和H3PO4溶液从黑液中沉淀粗木质素,并分别用苯-乙醇溶液和丙酮溶液对其抽提纯化.考察了采用不同酸沉淀及溶剂抽提对木质素得率的影响,并对黑液木质素进行了元素分析、傅里叶红外光谱分析、13C NMR以及1H NMR等结构表征.实验结果表明:采用不同酸沉淀及溶剂抽提得到的木质素结构相差不大,采用H2SO4沉淀及苯-乙醇抽提方法制备的苯-乙醇木质素得率最高;黑液木质素含有较多的愈创木酚-紫丁香酚单元结构,呈现明显的硬木木质素特征;在苯-乙醇木质素与丙酮木质素中,苯丙烷结构单元经验式分别为C9H12.61O1.1(OCH3)1.43和C9H13.33O2.10(OCH3)1.38,每个C9单元中的β—O—4键仅为0.28和0.27个,β—β键仅为0.15和0.11个;黑液木质素中羟基和羧基数量较磨木木质素丰富.黑液木质素具备多种活性官能团,表现出与磨木木质素不同的结构特征,应用前景广阔.     

钝顶螺旋藻中藻蓝蛋白的分离纯化及特性研究

为发展新型海洋药物,采用ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００凝胶层析和羟基磷灰石柱层析对人工养殖钝顶螺旋藻中的藻蓝蛋白进行了分离和纯化,得到了藻蓝蛋白纯品。测定了藻蓝蛋白的氨基酸组成和含量。藻蓝蛋白的紫外、可见吸收光谱表明其最大特征吸收波长为２７８,３６０,６２０ｎｍ。得到的藻蓝蛋白经等电聚焦显示为一条带,其等电点为ｐＨ＝４．３。还测量了藻蓝蛋白红外吸收光谱。研究所获得的藻蓝蛋白为后续开展临床应用提供了可靠的样品。     

甘氨酸锰络合物的制备与结构表征

以甘氨酸和金属锰盐为主要原料,制备甘氨酸锰络合物,探讨反应温度、反应时间、反应体系p H值等因素对甘氨酸锰产率的影响,确定最佳合成工艺,并通过红外光谱表征产物结构.实验结果显示,制备甘氨酸锰的最佳反应条件为反应温度70℃,反应时间2.5 h,反应体系p H5~6,在最佳条件下制备的甘氨酸锰络合物的产率为47.86%;红外光谱证明产物为甘氨酸锰络合物.     

一株黄铜矿专属浸出细菌的分离与鉴定

从甘肃白银硫化矿区矿坑水中分离得到一株能够浸矿的细菌（命名为BY）,该菌株为革兰氏阴性细菌,短杆状,菌体的直径×长度为（0.45±0.05）μm×（1.5±0.4）μm,最适生长温度为25-30℃,最适pH值为2.0,化能自养型,能利用亚铁、单质硫和低浓度的葡萄糖生长,不能利用硫代硫酸钠、蛋白胨生长。研究结果表明：BY菌株与嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌（简称A.f菌）WJ13位于系统发育树同一个分支中,相似度为99.66%,与标准A.f菌株ATCC23270的相似度为99.93%;编码区的核酸序列与报道序列（登记序列号DQ166839-DQ166841）仅差1个碱基,氨基酸序列完全一致;于30℃浸出27 d后,含菌株的摇瓶的Cu^2＋的质量浓度即达到60 mg/L,而无菌浸出时Cu^2＋的质量浓度仅为10 mg/L,表明该菌株具有应用于黄铜矿浸出的潜力。     

苦瓜籽中抗真菌蛋白MAP13的分离纯化与表征

将苦瓜籽粗提液分别经阴离子色谱柱、阳离子色谱柱交换后,得到一个具有抗真菌活性的蛋白MAP13.该蛋白经鉴定达到电泳纯,相对分子量为12.7 kDa.经还原剂处理后,电泳结果表明该蛋白由分子量分别为7和6 kDa的两个亚基组成,亚基之间通过二硫键连接.体外抑菌实验表明该蛋白对苹果轮纹病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌和棉花枯萎病菌具有较强的抑制作用.     

太白红杉总DNA的提取及鉴定

用抗氧剂和螯合剂组合的方法,成功地从太白红杉的叶组织中提取和纯化了总DNA,并对其产率、质量和纯度作了鉴定。用此方法能有效地去除酚类化合物、多糖、萜类化合物和未知化合物的干扰,为太白红杉的分子生物学研究提供了一套迅速、经济和可靠的技术方案。     

2株嗜碱性放线菌的分离鉴定及特性研究

从新疆巴洲和硕县碱性土壤中分离纯化出2株放线菌菌株XJ-1和XJ-4,对其形态特征、生理生化特性、抗生素产生以及16S rRNA基因序列分析等方面进行了多种特性研究.结果表明.2株放线菌在pH7.0的中性条件下不能生长,在pH12.0的强碱性条件下能够生长,最适生长pH为10.0,属于嗜碱性放线菌.2株放线菌菌株能耐受10%的NaCl,最高耐受温度为45℃.菌株XJ-1产生抗生素,能抑制柑橘绿霉菌、水稻轮纹菌、棉花枯萎菌和小麦赤霉菌的生长.16S rRNA基因同源性分析表明XJ-1属于拟诺卡氏菌属的Nocardiopsis dassonvillei,序列相似性达到了99.9%.而XJ-4与Nocardiopsis. sp. AF-333的序列相似性达到了99.3%,有可能是一新种.     

七叶树内生真菌的分离及活性研究

利用组织培养法,从秦岭紫柏山七叶树茎段中分离得到45株内生真菌,通过真菌形态特征和ITS序列分析,将其鉴定到7个属如链格孢属(Alternaria)、鬼伞属(Coprinellus)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)及颈点霉属(Phoma)等。采用紫外-可见分光光度法、高效液相(HPLC)及质谱(MS)方法检测表明,菌株SL-6的代谢产物中存在七叶皂苷类化合物。抑菌活性试验显示,菌株SL-6的发酵液对胶孢炭疽菌(Colletotrichum gloeosporioides)、油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)及棉花黄萎病菌(Verticillium dahliae)植物病原菌表现出较强的抑制活性。