Biological aspects on the cultures of the entomophthoralean fungus<Emphasis Type="Italic">Pandora delphacis</Emphasis> grown on broomcorn millets

Among entomopathogenic fungi the Entomophthor- ales plays an important role in natural control of insect pests through induction of epizootics in insect popula-tions[1—3]. Since most species of the fungal group are 4 - characteristic with their special capability of actively dis-charging conidia to favor infection and dissemination in host populations, they are ideal targets for epizootiologi-cal study, being considered as important microbial control agents. Currently, 66 species …     

Development of a novel conductance-based technology for environmental bacterial sensing

In this study, a simple impedance based technology for measuring bacterial concentrations was developed. The measurement system includes the signal amplification, copper probes and a sample loader. During the experiments, the conductance of Bacillus subtilis var niger, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Escherichia coli were measured using the combination of a pre-amplifier and a lock-in amplifier. The conductance data were modeled verses the bacterial concentrations. Results indicated that the relationship between the conductance of bacterial suspensions and their concentrations follows a generic model: $Y = C_1 + C_2 \times e^{\left( { - X/C_3 } \right)}$ , where Y is the conductance (S), X is the bacterial concentration (Number/mL: abbreviated to N/mL) for all species tested, and C _1–3 are constants. Gram negative P. fluorescens and E. coli assumed similar conductance curves, which were flatter than that of gram positive B. subtilis var niger. For P. fluorescens and E. coli the culturing technique resulted in higher concentration levels (statistically significant) from 2 to 4 times that measured by the impedance based technology. For B. subtilis var niger, both methods resulted in similar concentration levels. These differences might be due to membrane types, initial culturability and the obtained conductance curves. The impedance based technology here was shown to obtain the bacterial concentration instantly, holding broad promise in realtime monitoring biological agents.     

荧光假单胞菌的应用与展望

植物根际促生菌(PGPR)中的荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)对植物病原体具有潜在的拮抗作用,同时具有促进植物生长的能力.阐述了荧光假单胞菌在实际生产中的应用潜力.荧光假单胞菌可以通过产生生长素,增强土壤中磷、钾的可用性,促进植物叶绿素含量的增加,及产生谷胱甘肽、ACC脱氨酶等形式促进植物的生长.通过产抗生素(吩嗪、2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚、藤黄绿脓菌素、硝吡咯菌素)、拮抗线虫等方式帮助植物体抵抗病虫害的侵袭.除此之外,荧光假单胞菌所具有的定殖与产铁载体能力在植物的促生与抗病方面皆发挥着重要作用.荧光假单胞菌在农业生产方面具有巨大的应用潜力.     

Parallel (M−N)SVD algorithms on the SIMD computers

LetA bem byn matrix,M andN be positive definite matrices of orderm andn respectively. This paper presents an efficient method for computing (M?N) singular value decomposition ((M?N) SVD) ofA on a cube connected single instruction stream-multiple data stream (SIMD) parallel computer. This method is based on a one-sided orthogonalization algorithm due to Hestenes. On the cube connected SIMD parallel computer witho(n) processors, the (M?N)SVD of a matrixA requires a computation time ofo(m ³logm/n).     

分子印迹电化学发光传感器检测毒死蜱

石墨相氮化碳纳米薄片（g-C₃N₄NSs）具有优良的电化学发光（ECL）性能和良好的成膜特性.以g-C₃N₄NSs作为ECL材料,利用其良好的成膜性能将其固定在玻碳电极（GCE）上,再以毒死蜱（CPF）作模板分子,甲基丙烯酸（MAA）作功能单体,通过分子自组装制备分子印迹聚合物（MIP）.将该聚合物引入g-C₃N₄NSs修饰电极,构建了一个MIP-ECL传感器.除去模板分子的传感器能够选择性识别CPF,利用CPF对g-C₃N₄NSs ECL信号的淬灭作用实现了CPF的高灵敏、高选择性检测.传感器对CPF的线性响应范围是1.0×10^-8~1.0×10^-4mol·L^-1,检出限（LOD）是5.0 nmol·L^-1,用于蔬菜中CPF残留量检测,结果令人满意.     

Pseudomonas brassicacearum的数量分布差异及生物防治小麦全蚀病和油菜根腐病

通过3种PCR技术测定基因特征和测定3种生化特征,对来自南澳洲两块对比小麦田土壤中的Pseudomonas brassicacearum种群的菌株进行了分析研究.结果显示,两种不同土壤和两种不同根部区域(根表和根际),该种群具有高度多样性,其基因型和基因组也具有显著差异(P<0.05).所分离到的菌株中,四分之三具有独特的基因组,90%以上的基因组是其原种群所独具有的.所有菌株的基因组的平均同源性比较低(22%),聚类分析不能证明来自不同小麦田和不同根部区域的菌株具有亲缘性.聚类分析显示,种群内的基因流动是受到限制的,菌株基因组的差异是由于基因的随机漂流引起的,由根表得到的基因型是与所采集的对比土壤相关联的.有三分之一的菌株检测到了2,4-二乙酰基均苯三酚(PhlD)生物合成基因,这些菌株形成了一相关联的组群(同源性为60%).4株产生PhlD的菌株(两种野生型,表型不同)对小麦全蚀病和腐霉引起的油菜根腐病具有显著的防治效果,展现出了对这类病原菌引起的根部病害的防治潜能.     

Degradation of organic pollutants by a Co3O4-graphite composite electrode in an electro-Fenton-like system

A novel composite electrode was constructed by pressing together Co3O4 and graphite and it was used as the cathode in an electro-Fenton-like (EFL) system. The poor electron transport characteristic of Co3O4 was overcome by incorporating graphite. In situ electro-catalytic generation of hydroxyl radicals (·OH) occurred at high current efficiencies from pH 2-10, extending the traditional Fenton reaction pH range. Cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance spectrometry were used to characterize the composite electrode. The ability of the EFL system to degrade organic compounds was investigated using sulforhodamine B (SRB) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) as probes. Decoloration of SRB (1.0×10-5 mol/L) was complete (100%) in 150 min and SRB was effectively degraded from pH 2-10. The decomposition of SRB was studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and total organic carbon (TOC) analysis and results indicated that the final degradation products were carbon dioxide, carboxylic acids and amines. The EFL system also decomposed 2,4-DCP and the degradation was 98.6% in 240 min. Electro-catalytic degradation of SRB occurs by a ·OH mechanism. After 5 times reused, the degradation rate of SRB did not significantly slow down. The electrode shows excellent potential for use in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) used to treat persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in wastewater.     

Improving DNA damage repair ability ofE. coli to UV-radiosensitivity by DNA-mediated gene transfer of low energy ion beam

Using calcium chloride method of transfer gene as control, a new technique of transferring gene by low energy ion beam has been applied to the study of improving DNA damage repair ability ofE. coli to UV-radiosensitivity. The genome DNA pieces ofDeinococcus radiodurans, as “foreign” genetic materials, were introduced into the UV-radiosensitive strains ofE. coli by implantation of 20 keV Ar⁺ at doses ranging from 1 × 10¹⁵ to 2 × 10¹⁵ ions/cm². Results show that the transfected strains present higher UV-radioresistance than that of un-transfected ones and start ones. The survival rate of transfected strains and their unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) ability is increased, indicating that the transfer gene is a success.     

Accurate localization and excision of genomic islands in four strains of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas aeruginosa</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudomonas fluorescens</Emphasis>

Mobile genomic islands (GIs) can be excised from the chromosome, then form a circular intermediate and be reintegrated into the chromosome by the GI internal integrase. Some mobile GIs can also be transferred into a new receptor cell by transformation, conjugation, or transduction. The action sites of the integrase are usually flanked direct repeats (DRs) of the GIs. Accurate localization of the flanking sequences is a precondition for determining the mobility of the GI. Mobile GIs are generally associated with transfer RNAs (tRNAs). Based on the correlation between flanking sequences and tRNA sequences, the flanking sequences of 11 putative mobile GIs in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, P. aeruginosa PA14, P. fluorescens Pf-5 and P. fluorescens Pf0-1 were identified. Among the 11 GIs, Pf0-1GI-1 is responsible for benzoate degradation. PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3, and Pf5GI-4 were confirmed experimentally to be excised from a chromosome to form a circular intermediate. The action sites of the integrases are these GIs direct repeats. Due to distinct DRs, cutting sites for the internal integrase of PAO1GI-1, Pf5GI-2, Pf5GI-3 and Pf5GI-4 were determined outside the T-loop of the tRNA^Gly gene, outside the anticodon loop of the tRNA^Ser gene and tRNA^Lys gene, and at the asymmetric 3′-end of the tRNA^Leu gene, respectively. PAO1GI-1 and other mobile GIs may be transferred into many different strains that belong to different phyla because of the clear flanking sequences. This study describes basic information about the action sites of the integrases, assesses the mobility of GIs, and can help design and transfer mobile GIs to candidate strains.     

植物乳杆菌素plantaricin Q7在牛乳贮藏保鲜中的应用

植物乳杆菌素plantaricin Q7是由植物乳杆菌Lactobacillus plantarum Q7产生的,其具有广谱抑菌活性的细菌素,有安全、高效、稳定性好等优点.将效价为533 AU?mL-1的植物乳杆菌素Q7添加到牛乳中,探究其在牛乳贮藏过程中的保鲜效果.结果表明:植物乳杆菌素Q7维持了牛乳良好感官,牛乳贮...     

仿贻贝强黏性材料的制备及对废胶粉改性的研究

仿效贻贝所释放的强黏性材料的结构,制备出仿贻贝强黏性材料——邻苯二酚改性酚醛树脂(CPF),其中邻苯二酚和苯酚的摩尔比为1∶4时,剪切强度最高为13.5MPa.将CPF添加到废胶粉(WRP)中,压制成型得到弹性材料,SEM显示废胶粉颗粒之间没有明显的缝隙;当CPF与WRP的质量比为0.05时(六次甲基四胺(HMTA)为CPF质量的10%),所制备弹性材料的拉伸强度为6.04MPa;100℃×24h热处理后,弹性材料的拉伸强度达到7.65MPa;随着CPF含量的增加,弹性材料的亲水性增强.     

Transformation of ginkgo hairy root and establishment of its suspension culture clone

Tender leaves, buds and stems ofginkgo biloba L. were transformed successfully byAgrobacterium rhizogenes with Ri plasmid, and its suspension cultured clone was eastablished. The result of detection of opines suggested thatA. rhizogenes had integrated the T-DNA of the Ri plasmid into genomic DNA of ginkgo cells. A new way is offered to exploit ginkgo resources with biological technology. Liu Shunan: born in 1972, Postgraduate     

两个分离菌株对2，4-D降解效率的微生态系统模拟

在微生态系统模拟条件下,２个分离菌株Ｓｐｈｉｎｇｏｍｏｎａｓ ｐａｕｃｉｍｏｂｉｌｉｓ ９２５６,Ｒａｌｓｔｏｎｉａ ｅｕ－ｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ ＪＭＰ表现出对除草剂２,４－Ｋ的高效降解性能。但Ｒ．ｅｕｔｒｏｐｈｕｓ ＪＭＰ能在更多的模拟条件下成为优势种群。对２个菌株的种肖长影响最大的生态因子是湿度和２,４－Ｄ的浓度。种群增长与２,４－Ｄ降解有约２４ｈ的时滞;种群的增长量不完全受底物２,４－Ｄ消耗的多少     

Cloning and sequencing of cDNA fragment of gene of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) induced by dehydration

cDNA fragment of the gene (dehydration induced,di1) of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) induced by 30% PEG-6000 (−1.13 MPa) treatment was isolated with mRNA differential display technique. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression ofdi1 gene improved at 10 h reached the highest at 48 h under 30% PEG-6000 treatment. cDNA fragment ofdi1 gene has been cloned and sequenced (211 bp). DNA sequence analysis shows that there is no homologue in GenBank todi1 cDNA.     

2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚对两种常见田间病害的防治效果

2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚能够防治多种土传病原菌引起的根部病害和苗期病害,是一种新型广谱抗生素。通过田间小区试验发现,2,4-二乙酰基间苯三酚对两种常见田间病害具有很好的防治效果,1%可湿性粉剂拌种处理对棉花立枯病的防效达到61.74%,200ug/mL浓度下对小麦白粉病的防治效果达到47.5%。     

Introduction of rice chitinase gene into wheat via low energy Ar+ beam implantation

A chitinase gene (RCH8) in plasmid vector pCAMBIA1308 was delivered into 3 wheat cultivars (Yangmai 158, Wan 9210, Wanmai 32) by low energy Ar⁺ beam-mediated method. Preliminary calli from treated mature embryos were first selected on hygromycin (Hm, 20 or 30 mg/L) containing medium. After the resistant calli formed, they were transferred to the regeneration medium with 10 or 20 mg/L Hm. All the three wheat varieties obtained transgenic plants. PCR and PCR-Southern assays showed that most plants regenerated from the resistant calli were positive transgenic plants. Southern blot of the positive green plants confirmed stable integration of alien DNA into wheat genome. The plant transformation frequencies varied with the variety and ion dose implanted. Wanmai 32 possessed the highest transformation frequency, reaching 3.8% at a suitable implantation dose. The transformation frequency of Yangmai 158 and Wan 9210 varied from 0.5% to 2.5% and from 0.5% to 1.4%, respectively. Progeny test for resistance to wheat scab showed that the leaf extract of R₁ generation inhibited the growth of wheat scab strain R₀ and F₁₅.     

Response of leaf dark respiration of winter wheat to changes in CO2 concentration and temperature

Accurate evaluation of dark respiration of plants is important for estimation of the plant carbon budget.The response of leaf dark respiration of winter wheat to changes in CO 2 concentration and temperature was studied,using an open top chamber during 2011-2012,to understand how leaf dark respiration of winter wheat will respond to climate change.The results indicated that leaf dark respiration decreased linearly with increased CO2 concentration.Dark respiration decreased by about 11% under 560 μmol mol-1 CO2 compared with that under 390 μmol mol-1 CO2.Leaf dark respiration showed an exponential relationship with temperature,and the temperature constant(Q10) was close to 2.Moreover,the responses of leaf dark respiration to CO concentration and temperature were independent.A leaf dark respiration model based on CO2 concentration and temperature responses was developed.This model provides a method for estimation of the leaf dark respiration rate of winter wheat under future climate change and guidance for establishment of crop carbon countermeasures.     

Supercondcuting properties in MgB2／Fe wires prepared by PIT method

The discovery of superconductivity at 39 K in MgB2has attracted a lot of interest in the world[15]. Recently, many results on the magnetic and transport properties of bulks have been reported. And high critical currentdensities (Jc) in polycrystalline MgB2 materials indicate that Jc is not limited by the weak link of grain boundaries as high temperature superconductor (HTS), suggestingthat MgB2 has a good potential for electrical engineering applications[2,48]. The fabrication of high qua…     

Synthesis of sulfanilamide derivatives of BISA

Ebselen was selected as the lead compound and a series of derivatives of benzisoselenazolone was designed and synthesized with pharmacological interest. Under ether-water-NaHCO₃ reaction system, 2-chloroselenobenzoyl chloride was treated with a series of sulfanilamide and ten Ebselen derivatives with-SO₂NHR group attached to thep-position of 2-phenyl moiety were prepared in good yields. All these new conpounds were characterized by¹H-NMR, IR, UV spectra and elemental analysis. Xu Hansheng: born in 1931, Professor     

具有反秀丽隐杆线虫捕食能力的根际细菌的筛选及其反捕食机理的研究

虽然生物菌肥具有多效、环保、可持续等多种优点,但经常被生活在土壤中的其他生物捕食而减少其实际应用效果.细菌为应对捕食演化出多种机制,排斥或杀死线虫.对具有反捕食能力的菌株进行筛选,能够得到具有高竞争力的菌株.以秀丽线虫为样本,对细菌进行对峙试验,得到两株具有较高反捕食能力的植物促生细菌:橘黄假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aurantiaca)JD37、荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)P13.以大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)OP50为对照,线虫对3株细菌的偏好性由强至弱依次为P13、OP50、JD37.缓慢杀线试验中,JD37、P13对秀丽线虫的致死率分别达26.12%和18.66%.在单培养下,JD37能使线虫活力下降,产卵数量减少.化学和分子生物学研究显示:JD37不能产生任何已知的杀线次级代谢产物,而P13能够产生氰化氢(HCN).以上结果表明JD37能够抵御秀丽线虫捕食,在捕食压力下有较强竞争力,作为生物菌肥具有广泛的应用前景.