Response of the northwestern Pacific upper water δ~(13)C to the last deglacial ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean

The deglacial δ~13C minimum events that originated from the ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica, have been recorded in a range of marine sediments from the southern to tropical oceans in late Pleistocene. However, the broad δ~13C minimum event was also reported as far as to the northern middle latitudes, in northwestern Pacific marginal sea areas, during the last deglaciation. In the northwestern Pacific, forcing from the northern high latitudes is strongly expressed, while the records of in- fluence from the southern high latitudes are few. The Kuroshio Source Region (KSR) forms a boundary between the northwestern Pacific and the southern, tropical Pacific. So, high-resolution planktonic foraminiferal records in core MD06-3054 from the KSR are well positioned to identify signals from the southern hemisphere in the northwestern Pacific. Planktonic foraminiferal tests from the upper 1030 cm of the core were subject to AMS14C, carbon and oxygen isotopic measurements. A negative excursion was found to occur from about 20.0-6.0 ka BP in δ~13C records of both surface (Globigerinoides ruber) and subsurface (Pulleni- atina obliquiloculata) dwellers, but the overall trends of the two curves have reversed since 26.5 ka BP. Moreover, the δ~13C rec- ord of G. ruber (the surface dweller) shows a robust link to the record of atmospheric CO2, and its changes precede the records of P. obliquiloculata (the subsurface dweller). According to the hydrologic conditions, the broad δ~13C minimum event recorded in the KSR is also a response to the increasing ventilation of the deep Southern Ocean around Antarctica during the last deglaciation. The inconsistency between the records of the surface and subsurface dwellers was possibly caused by the ways that the low δ~13C signal was transmitted. Subsurface water primarily received the low δ~13C signal from the Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), whereas the surface water was probably mainly impacted by atmospheric CO2 in the KSR. The records from the KSR confirm the deduction that the broad δ~13C minimum event in the Okinawa Trough was due to the impact of tropical Pacific surface water dur- ing the last deglaciation, and suggest that signals from the southern high latitudes also can be delivered to the northern middle latitudes.     

末次冰消期以来古气候演化研究进展及展望

 从盛冰期到全新世之间的末次冰消期经历了地球表层系统的一次巨变,期间发生了一系列气候突变事件,在全球不同地区以不同的方式回应着这些事件的变化过程。末次冰消期转暖的过程和机制一直是古气候研究的热点。本文综述了末次冰消期以来的古气候/季风演化研究成果,指出海陆交界敏感地带的陆架区对全球环境变化十分敏感,陆架区沉积物蕴含了丰富的气候/季风演化信息,对陆架区沉积物中古气候代用指标的提取,东亚季风演化历史及其驱动机制、季风的差异和交互作用、季风在各个时间尺度上的驱动机制等问题的分析均具有重要意义,可以为地区及全球环境变化提供科学依据。     

末次冰消期东亚夏季风突变性的石笋年纹层记录

从两支石笋年纹层的交叉定年,可确定年生长速率变化时间序列,本文结合氧同位素分析结果,讨论了新仙女木事件、阿弗罗德-波令暖期等百年至千年级全球性气候突变事件的转型方式、内部振荡旋回及冷暖／干湿组合特征,并且发现石笋年层厚度反映的气候变化过程与格陵兰CISP2冰芯具有相似的变化规律,证明石笋年纹层可以作为气候变化的代用指标。     

腾格里沙漠南缘末次冰消期微量元素反映的古气候环境

腾格里沙漠南缘土门剖面52L~41FD层段由3层风成沙丘砂、2层湖相沉积、2层古土壤和5层砂黄土构成. 分析结果表明：微量元素含量的高低变化依次为Mn、P、Sr、Rb、Cr、V、Zn、Ni、Cu、Nb,各元素含量在砂黄土、古土壤和湖相沉积中表现为相对峰态,而在沙丘砂层段中则呈现为相对谷态;在垂直方向上,各微量元素含量随着各沉积相的多次更替,构成了10条峰谷交替的锯齿状形态的元素波动过程线. 结合研究区地理位置与微量元素特征,认为可用Zn（ppm）、P（ppm）为代表作为气候替代性指标,指示本区东亚冬夏季风变化. 据此划分出了8个冷暖波动事件：冷干事件,即C1(11 870~11 640 a BP)、C2(12 650~12 050 a BP)、C3(13 340~13 010 a BP)、C4(13 810~13 620 a BP), 暖湿事件, 即W1(12050~11870 a BP)、W2(13010~12650 a BP)、W3(13620~13340 a BP)、W4(14850~13810 a BP). 本研究与格陵兰GRIP冰芯和中国南京葫芦洞H82石笋之间较高的同步性,这表明,腾格里沙漠南缘气候波动可能与格陵兰气候变化受相同的高纬动力驱动.     

Indonesian Throughflow in an eddy-resolving ocean model

The performance of the eddy-resolving LICOM2.0 in simulating the Indonesian Throughflow has been evaluated against the INSTANT data in the present study. The mean vertical structures of the along strait velocities are simulated well in LICOM2.0, but the large velocities at the bottom of the Lifamatola Passage and the Timor Passage cannot be reproduced by LICOM2.0. The causes are considered to be both the errors in the topography and the tidal mixing at the bottom. Despite several biases in the mean velocities, the mean inflow and outflow volume transports in LICOM2.0 are almost identical to the INSTANT data. Com- pared with the lower resolution LICOM, the most significant improvement is the better simulation of the partitions of the inflow and outflow transports in individual straits. The outflow for low-resolution LICOM is mainly through the Ombai and Lombok Strait, whereas that for LICOM2.0 is mainly through the Timor Passage. The variability of the vertical structure of velocities and the volume transport are also investigated, LICOM2.0 overestimates the magnitude of the upper-layer currents and the amplitude of the variation. We also found that the largest correlation coefficient occurs in the shallowest strait, the Lombok, whereas the lowest occurs in the Timor Passage, especially in the upper layer. The latter may be caused by the unrealistic transport through the Torres Strait in LICOM2.0.     

Least dissipation principle of heat transport potential capacity and its application in heat conduction optimization

The heat conduction following the Fourier law widely exists in nature and engineering. Usually, the thermal resistance is applied to evaluating the perform-ance of the heat conduction, i.e. the less resistance corre-sponds to the better performance. Therefore, the heat conduction is often enhanced by means of using high conductivity materials or reducing the thermal contact resistance. The more general performance criterion is the heat duty for the given temperature difference DT, or the temp…     

固体的热传导方程的微观分析

利用固体的电子—声子模型和原子点阵的非简谐振动模型,用量子场论和量子统计力学推导出了热传导方程,给出了弛豫时间的表达式．     

南极雪的氢氧同位素组成

测定了南极中山站至DomeA沿线表层雪、中山附近海冰上覆盖、新降雪和中山站附近湖水的D和^18O,对内陆雪δD和δ18O随纬度和海拔高度的变化、海冰上覆盖δDδ18O随深度的变化,各种雪中δD和δ18O之间的要性进行了研究。     

孟加拉湾4个典型地区的涡旋热和盐输送

利用涡扩散法、海面高度资料和气候水文资料,对孟加拉湾海域海盆尺度涡(湍流)致热盐输运进行了估算.结果发现,在孟加拉湾大量的涡致输运主要存在于4个区域:孟加拉湾北部的西部边界(NB)、孟加拉湾西部(WB)、斯里兰卡南部和东部(SWB)以及孟加拉湾东南部靠近马六甲海峡区域(SEB).根据涡输运的气候态分布,涡致热输运主要存...     

Dawson结构磷钨酸钕制备、表征及催化合成四氢呋喃

通过复分解法制备Dawson结构Nd₂P₂W₁₈O₆₂催化剂,并通过XRD、EDS、SEM和FT-IR等方法表征催化剂.以催化1,4-丁二醇液相脱水环化合成四氢呋喃为探针反应,通过正交实验确定了反应的最佳条件:w(催化剂)=2.6%(相对于1,4-丁二醇质量),反应温度为190 ℃,反应时间为40 min,四氢呋喃的平均产率为97.6%,催化剂重复使用到第3次时,四氢呋喃收率为87.9%.本工艺具有绿色、安全、操作简单、收率高等优点.     

Dawson结构磷钨酸的制备、表征及催化绿色合成乙酸正丁酯工艺研究

制备了H6P2W18O62.13H2O催化剂,并通过FT-IR、UV-Vis、TG-DSC对催化剂进行表征.以乙酸正丁酯合成反应为探针考察催化剂的催化性能.研究了磷钨酸用量、醇酸比、反应时间和反应温度对反应的影响,并提出可能的催化机理.结果表明,最优的反应条件是:催化剂用量为0.72%(按反应体系总质量计算),醇酸比为2.0︰1.0,反应时间为2.0 h,反应温度为125℃,在此条件下酯化率可达96.83%.     

基于HAM模型的竹材热湿物理性质试验研究

为获得典型竹材的材性参数,明确竹木之间以及不同竹材之间的差异,选择整竹展平板、竹集成材、竹胶合板、竹重组材、竹刨花板、大片竹材定向刨花板等6种代表性产品,系统地进行基于建筑围护结构HAM模型的热湿物理性质测试.项目包括:测定基本物理性质的密度计算和真空饱和实验;测定湿储存性质的平衡吸放湿实验;测定湿传递性质的毛细吸水实验、蒸气渗透实验和干燥实验;测定热储存性质的热分析;测定热传递性质的导热系数测试和表面光热性质测试.测试结果初步形成竹材热湿物理性质的参数基础;与18种木材产品的对比表明,竹材湿储存和湿传递性质普遍小于木材,而同时表征热储存和热传递性质的蓄热系数大于木材;6种竹材之间的对比表明,竹材改性有利于均匀性的提高,可拓展其材性频谱范围,并使区别于木材的特性得到强化.     

一维派尔斯晶格体系中反常热导的研究

考虑到许多真实材料的派尔斯不稳定性,提出了一维二聚化晶格模型.通过改变体系长短键键能的差异,得到了在之间连续变化的指数值α.对于真实体系如聚乙炔链,计算结果与Mode-coupling theory理论的预测值吻合较好,表明同质的(homogenous)链是最好的热导体.