山区公路平面线形的优化设计

作为动态规划法与随机搜索法相结合进行公路线形优化设计的应用之一,本文提出了在山区狭长地带范围内对公路平面线形进行优化的有效方法。本方法选用了简单实用的带状方格网式数字地形模型。线形优化的目标函数采用以主导坡度控制时的“理想坡度线”作为纵断面设计线的假想工程量或假想工程费用。函数的状态变量和决策变量为平面转角点座标。一般情况下,优化的计算单元包含了圆曲线和缓和曲线的构成,并选用各转角点的直缓点作为分段点。此外,文中还列举了进行公路平面和纵断面线形优化前后的算例比较与成果分析。算例表明,采用本方法进行山区公路平面线形优化通常能缩短路线,增大平曲线半径和提高路线设计纵坡的均匀性,并明显降低工程造价。     

互通式立交平面线形整参数求解计算方法

互通式立交平面线形整参数求解计算方法王福建,邓学钧,李方（东南大学交通运输工程系,南京２１００１８）立交平面线形是由直线段、圆曲线段和回旋曲线这三种线形单元组合而成,由圆曲线半径Ｒ、回旋线参数Ａ以及各线形单元的长度Ｌ这三种线形参数来定义和描述．习惯上...     

路线平面线形设计计算的两点线元法原理

提出通过两点确定平面线形线元的设计计算方法。将平面线形线元分为切直线、圆曲线、正\反向完整型回旋线、正\反向非完整型回旋线共6种基本类型,均可由最多4个独立参数唯一确定。采用线元法顺次设计平面线形时,与起点相关的坐标、切向角、半径3个独立参数已知,故只需再拟定终点坐标即可唯一确定各基本型线元,均类似于两点确定一条直线。偏转角是线元其余参数计算的关键,圆曲线线元采用解析法,回旋线线元采用迭代法,亦可通过多项式拟合公式进行预估,误差不超过1.0%。两点线元法凸显坐标位置对线形的控制作用,适宜于立交、山岭区等复杂曲线线形设计及既有道路线形重构等。     

正割迭代法在立交平面线形设计中的若干应用

在立交平面线形设计中存在一类线形相交计算问题，本文从非线性方程组的一般迭代解法出发，提出了适应该类问题的具有“随机搜索”修正功能的正割迭代法，并进一步阐述了该迭代法在一些求相交点问题中的具体应，算例表明该迭代法检速度快，对初解要求不高，适应各种平面线形，具有较高的的计算精度。     

高速公路互通式立交路线视距指标研究

为给高速公路设计技术人员提供一种互通式立交路线视距计算方法,根据《公路立体交叉设计细则》(JTG/T D21-2014)相关视距要求,提出了高速公路互通式立交主线线形视距指标计算公式,获得了基于不同高速公路互通式立交主线设计速度的凸形竖曲线最小半径值和圆曲线最小半径值等视距指标,可供高速公路设计技术人员在计算互通式立交参数和设计高速公路互通式立交时使用.     

互通式立交出口匝道分流鼻端平纵组合指标研究

为研究不同平纵线形指标条件下的互通式立交出口匝道分流鼻端行车安全性,采用小客车行车动力学仿真的方法,建立人、车、路仿真模型.通过改变分流鼻端的圆曲线半径、纵坡坡度,模拟不同条件下的行驶工况,分别对分流鼻端进行了平面线形和纵断面线形研究,得出不同工况条件下的车辆侧向加速度的响应输出,分析不同线形指标参数对分流鼻端行车安全的影响.研究结果表明:在匝道出口分流鼻端处,长缓和曲线+小半径圆曲线线形组合安全性优于短缓和曲线+大半径圆曲线线形组合.当主线设计速度为120 km/h(分流鼻处的设计速度为70 km/h),纵坡为-5%时,车辆的侧向加速度最大值为0. 58g,此时车辆侧滑危险性较大,建议设计中分流鼻端纵坡小于等于-4%.为保障分流鼻端行车安全,主线设计速度为120 km/h时,分流鼻端圆曲线半径为350 m,则纵坡应小于-3. 5%;当圆曲线半径为300 m,则纵坡应小于-3%.主线设计速度为100 km/h时,分流鼻端圆曲线半径为300 m,则纵坡应小于-4%;圆曲线半径为250 m,则纵坡应小于-3. 5%.     

曲线坐标计算在铁路测量施工中的应用

铁路线路平面曲线分为两种类型：一种是圆曲线,主要用于专用线和行车速度不高的线路上,另一种是带有缓和曲线的圆曲线,铁路干线上均用此种曲线。曲线的五大要素,ZH（直缓点）,HY（缓圆点）,QZ（曲中点）,YH（圆缓点）,HZ（缓直点）,是曲线的重要线形特征。铁路曲线测设一般分两步进行,先测设曲线主点,然后依据主点详细测设曲线上的任意点。结合本人的工作经验,就铁路圆曲线和缓和曲线上任一点坐标的计算及法向方位角的计算进行实例解析。     

便携式微机在道路工程测量中的应用

沪宁高速公路南京东互通立交Ｇ（４）标段，构造物多，线形复杂。为了确保九座跨线桥、一座跨河桥、八座小桥等构造物的准确定位十五条线路的准确接线，利用ＰＣ－Ｅ５００便携式微机快速实现各种曲线形式的中桩坐标、桥轴线及护桩的坐标计算和利用全站仪采用极坐标法施工放样、检测的放样数据计算，减少了大量的计算工作量，为工程的顺利进行起到了积极的实效，并打破了传统的由曲线主点放样曲线细部的方式。     

微带·共平面组合传输线性能分析及初始实验研究

把微带线和共平面线组合在一起，设计了组合传输线。导出了相速及特性阻抗计算式。用屏蔽式的共平面线s－cps     

公路平面线形设计信息计算系统的设计与实现

针对目前公路在大比例尺地形图上使用传统导线法设计平面线形计算数据的局限性,通过计算机编程,实现公路平面线形数据计算自动化.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has