粗糙微通道内稀薄气体流动与换热的蒙特卡洛直接模拟

采用Delaunay三角化方法对计算区域进行网格划分,开发了适合于非结构化网格的蒙特卡洛直接模拟程序,并对程序的正确性进行了验证.在此基础上模拟分析了粗糙元为三角形的平行平板间微通道内稀薄气体的二维流动与换热.通道进出口压力固定,上下平板温度恒定.计算分析了粗糙元高度、宽度以及分布密度的影响.结果表明:微通道内粗糙元对流动与换热有明显的扰动;随着粗糙元的变大,速度跳跃显著,甚至出现漩涡,增加了通道内的压力损失;但粗糙元增强了微通道壁面与气体之间的换热.     

身矩形槽道内的气体滑移流动和传热分析

分析了微矩形槽道内的不可气体在速度滑移和温度跳跃区的流动和传热过程。在分析模型中,假定矩形槽道底面定热流加热,其余三面绝热,流动和换热均匀为充分发展,且处于滑移流动区。给出了截面上速度分布和温度分布的分析解,讨论了阻力持性和换热特性,并与实验结果作了比较。二者的吻合程序表明,在一定的Knudsen数范围内,传统的Navier-Stokes方程和能量方程在考虑了速度滑移和温度跳跃影响后可以描述微矩形槽道内的气体流动和传热过程。     

矩形微通道内滑移区气体流动换热的数值模拟

在等壁温边界条件下对矩形微细通道速度滑移区的对流换热进行了二维数值模拟、在一阶速度滑移和温度跳跃的边界条件下，计算出了通道内的速度和温度以及压力分布。比较了不同克努森数Kn对于滑移速度和跳跃温度的影响。结果表明，由于气体的稀薄性，压力呈现更加线性化减小的趋势，随着Kn的增加，通道入口与出口处的滑移速度和跳跃温度至现增加的趋势。在通道入口附近，气流速度和温度变化剧烈，而在出口处截面平均流速和温度随加的增加而降低．     

利用格子Boltzmann方法计算页岩渗透率

针对页岩中孔隙主要分布在纳米尺度的特点,建立Knudsen数修正固体边界并考虑镜面反弹的格子Boltzmann模型。利用二维平板模型,考察Knudsen数对渗透率的影响,得出在一定误差条件下,须考虑Knudsen数修正的最大孔隙宽度。由页岩的SEM扫描图像重构得到三维数字岩心,利用新模型进行模拟流动,并计算得到绝对渗透率。结果表明:利用Knudsen数修正后,通道中间部分流体速度增大,固体边界处速度变小;压力不变,随着孔隙直径变小,Knudsen数增大,渗透率变小。     

滑移边界下气膜厚度阶跃变化的阶形板间气体流动

为进一步研究微尺度下气膜厚度阶跃变化的阶形板间气体流动的相关物理特性,通过代入适用于任意克努森数的新滑移边界条件修正雷诺方程,应用有限体积法迭代求解了阶形板间沿气体流动方向的气膜压力和克努森数分布曲线,沿高度方向的气体流动速度分布曲线,不同环境克努森数下的气膜承载力随速度参数的变化曲线。结果表明:随着气膜间克努森数进入滑流区时,边界速度滑移效应对流体流动特性作用明显,当气膜间克努森数进入过渡区时,一阶滑移与新滑移边界条件间的数值结果产生明显偏差。可知相对于滑移系数固定的一阶滑移边界条件,滑移系数随气膜间克努森数改变而变化的新滑移边界条件,可以更好地描述高度存在阶跃变化即气膜间克努森数跨区域分布的微尺度气体流动。     

滑移流区平行平板微通道内单侧加热流动与换热

对一侧等热流、一侧绝热热边界条件下,流动与热充分发展的平行平板微通道在滑移流区内层流流动与换热进行了理论分析,研究了槽道内速度场与温度场的分布、换热特性,以及Kn、动量协调系数、热协调系数的影响.     

微通道气体流动的格子-Boltzmann法模拟

格子-Boltzmann方法的迅速发展为计算流体力学提供了一种强有力的工具．结合“贴壁层”的理论对格子—Boltzmann方程在微槽道流动中的应用进行探索，对Kn数跨越速度滑移区和过渡区的若3个微通道中的气体流体进行了模拟，给出了通道内速度、压力、局部阻力系数的变化曲线，并和同条件下用不考虑滑移的计算结果和文献给出的理论结果进行了对比，结果表明和文献给出的理论结果吻合得很好．     

微通道入口处的摩擦因子与努塞尔数

针对具有均匀入口速度与温度剖面的微通道中的气体流动与传热，证明了在速度滑移与温度跳跃区。通道入口处的摩擦因子与努塞尔数为有限值，它们的具体数值依赖于克努森数以及壁面和气体分子间的动量和能量交换的完善程度，而和微通道的横截面形状无关。     

微通道内气体流动参数化数值模拟

基于ANSYS Fluent软件,对微通道内气体在不同压力驱动下的流动做参数化数值模拟分析,得出不同克努森数(Kn)的通道出口截面速度分布图和质量流率,并将仿真结果和理论研究进行比较,分析微通道内气体流动特性与宏观流动的异同,研究稀薄气体效应.模拟结果表明:在微通道中,连续介质假设失效;当微系统特征尺度很小或者工作压力很小时,微通道内的气体具有较大的Kn,出现明显的稀薄气体效应;Kn越大,稀薄气体效应越强烈;稀薄气体效应导致固壁边界的滑移速度和质量流率变大.     

多段转弯连接回转通道的换热和压力分布研究

为了掌握涡轮叶片内的多段通道连接关系对回转通道壁面换热和沿程压力分布的影响,采用数值模拟方法研究了带肋单通道、回转通道模型的流动特性,通过瞬态液晶实验测量了回转通道壁面换热分布,揭示了多段通道连接关系对回转通道壁面换热的影响机理。实验结果表明:转弯连接使各段通道的速度分布不均;回转通道沿程压力系数逐渐减小;转弯连接使回转通道各段通道的换热分布不对称,沿流向的努赛尔数Nu逐渐减小;沿程展向平均Nu呈多波峰状分布,肋的扰流作用沿流向逐渐减弱,且两肋之间的高换热区沿流向逐渐向肋下游的背风面偏移;肋间区域的平均Nu沿流向逐渐减小;回转通道各段平均Nu随雷诺数的增加而增大,且增加幅度逐渐减小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-