紫芝液体深层发酵条件的初步研究

以紫芝为研究对象,讨论液体深层发酵碳源、氮源、无机盐和培养条件对菌体生物量的影响,确定紫芝液体发酵最优培养基配方为葡萄糖30,g/L、蛋白胨3,g/L、KH2PO41.2,g/L和MgSO4·7H2O 0.8,g/L.发酵条件为培养温度25,℃,起始pH自然,装液量24%,接种量15%,140,r/min培养7,d.同时,以菌体生物量、胞外多糖和pH为指标,绘制紫芝液态发酵动力学曲线,发酵培养7,d后菌体生物量和胞外粗多糖的含量分别达到最大值3.63,g/L和1.67,g/L.     

茂原链霉菌产谷氨酰胺转氨酶发酵培养基优化

文章考察了不同培养基成分对茂原链霉菌产谷氨酰胺转氨酶的影响,以酶活和生物量为测定指标,采用单因素试验和正交试验确定发酵培养基最适成分及其质量浓度,以期为未来菌株扩大培养和发酵中试化提供参考。试验结果表明,优化后的培养基为:葡萄糖40g/L,蛋白胨40g/L,硝酸铵1g/L,酵母膏2g/L,硫酸镁2g/L,磷酸氢二钾2g/L。该条件下酶活可达(1.30±0.07)U/mL,生物量为(9.69±0.23)g/L。     

酵母SOD高产菌的选育及发酵条件

从数株酵母菌中选出了一株细胞生物量(Biomass)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)含量都较高的菌株,研究了该菌株产SOD较适宜的培养基组成、pH值和时间等发酵条件。     

响应面法优化白果酒酶解及发酵工艺研究

【目的】以白果为研究材料,通过对酶解和发酵两个阶段的工艺优化,探究白果发酵酒工艺的最佳条件。【方法】采用淀粉酶解配合传统果酒发酵方法,通过单因素试验和响应面试验研究白果酶解和发酵两个阶段中酶制剂添加量、发酵时间、料液比、加糖量等工艺条件,以葡萄糖当量(DE值)、葡萄糖含量、酒精度和模糊数学感官评价得分作为评价指标,筛选白果酶解、发酵的适宜条件。【结果】α-淀粉酶和料液比对白果酶解和发酵两个阶段影响最大;白果酒酶解阶段最佳条件为α-淀粉酶19.1 U/mL、普鲁兰酶2.7 U/mL、糖化酶101.4 U/mL;发酵阶段料液比(g/mL)为1∶6.4、加糖比例为1∶2.6、发酵时间8 d。在此优化条件下,得到的白果酒总糖16.21 g/L、总酸3.24 g/L、酒精度12.7%、干浸出物12.92 g/L、游离氨基酸含量2.18 g/L,感官综合得分为87.35分(满分100分)。【结论】白果发酵后所得白果酒成分指标满足绿色果酒标准,实验结果可为制备白果发酵酒提供一定理论依据。     

金针菇液体发酵培养工艺的优化研究

为了分析不同营养成分及培养条件对金针菇菌丝体生物量的影响及为金针菇液体发酵工业化生产提供参考依据,采用单因子及正交试验,分别测定不同培养基组合及培养条件下的金针菇菌丝体生物量．研究结果表明,金针菇液体发酵培养基的最优组合为：40g／L黄豆粉、20g/L可溶性淀粉、2g/L KH2PO4和1g／L MgSO4·7H2O．最优培养条件是：起始pH值6．0、接种量200mL／L、装液量400mL／L、摇床转速160r／min、培养温度25℃和恒温培养8d．     

接种量和装液量对少根根霉直接发酵生木薯粉生产富马酸的影响

利用少根根霉(Rhizopus arrhizus,RH-07-13)直接发酵生木薯粉生产富马酸。探讨了摇瓶发酵中,不同的接种量和装液量对生产富马酸的影响,检测了发酵培养过程中的富马酸、葡萄糖、乙醇的变化以及发酵结束后的菌体生物量。结果表明,最佳的接种量为20%（体积分数）,最佳的装液量为25mL/250mL。在此条件下,发酵168h,富马酸产量达49.88g/L,生物量达43.8g/L。     

黑木耳的富硒发酵

本实验以亚硒酸钠（Na2 SeO3）为硒源对黑木耳进行富硒发酵,以获得富硒黑木耳发酵液,为有机硒多糖等开发利用提供依据.用3种不同碳氮源培养基26℃于200rpm进行液体发酵,在不同时间测定黑木耳菌丝体多糖含量和生物量,确定了最优培养基（每升）为葡萄糖20g,豆饼粉5g,硫酸镁0.5g,磷酸二氢钾2g.在优选培养基中通过添加不同浓度的亚硒酸钠对黑木耳进行富硒发酵.结果与不添加亚硒酸钠黑木耳发酵液相比,在硒浓度为10-50mg/L时,黑木耳菌丝体的硒含量和生物量及发酵液多糖含量均随硒浓度的增加而提高;在50mg/L时,硒含量、生物量和多糖含量达最高,分别为10.48μg/g、9.37g和L20.3g/L;当亚硒酸钠浓度高于50mg/L时,菌丝体硒含量降低,生物量、多糖含量亦下降.结果表明,黑木耳具有较好富硒能力,但培养基中亚硒酸钠的浓度会影响发酵液中多糖含量和黑木耳菌丝体的富硒效果.与不添加亚硒酸钠黑木耳相比,添加适量亚硒酸钠有利于黑木耳菌丝对硒的吸收利用,并可促进黑木耳生长和多糖含量的提高;但过量添加,则可抑制黑木耳生长并降低多糖含量和对硒的利用率.     

红曲色素液态发酵生产工艺研究

通过优化紫色红曲霉FDSJA-01的液态发酵生产工艺参数（搅拌器类型、溶氧、过程pH、补糖条件）以提高红曲色素的产量。优化后的5L发酵罐液态深层发酵生产工艺条件为：采用六折叶DT602搅拌器,溶氧维持在40±5%,发酵pH维持在3.5±0.5,当发酵96 h时开始以5 mL/h的流速流加40%葡萄糖,230 h时停止流加补糖。发酵 264 h胞内色素含量（以每克湿菌体计算）达到最大值,红色素为3454.9 U/g,橙色素3746.7 U/g,黄色素3295.8 U/g,分别比优化前提高了4.6倍、4.7倍、3.4倍,总色价提高了4.2倍;发酵液桔霉素含量为29.12 μg/L。     

液态法大曲酒发酵过程中高级醇影响因素的研究

高级醇含量高是制约液态法白酒发展的主要因素之一.为了降低液态法白酒中高级醇含量,本研究在传统液态法白酒发酵工艺的基础上,采用酵母、酶制剂和大曲协同发酵生产液态法白酒.系统地研究了酿酒原料、酵母菌种、酵母接种量、酶制剂(糖化酶、酸性蛋白酶)用量、酵母与大曲用量对液态法大曲酒中高级醇含量的影响.结果表明:酵母菌种、酵母接种量、酸性蛋白酶用量和大曲用量对液态法大曲酒发酵过程中高级醇含量影响较大,而酿酒原料和糖化酶用量对液态法大曲酒高级醇含量的影响相对较小.从酵母菌种看,酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)A-3产高级醇总量最高(512.82 mg/L),酿酒酵母A-2产高级醇总量最低(441.51 mg/L),二者相差71.31 mg/L;随着酵母接种量从2×10~6mL~(-1)增加到12×10~6mL~(-1),高级醇总量从376.52 mg/L增加到444.64 mg/L;酸性蛋白酶的用量为4 U/g时,高级醇总量为431.29 mg/L,比对照下降7.80%;大曲用量为原料的40%时,高级醇总量为207.73 mg/L,比对照下降59.98%.在优化后的条件下发酵,高级醇总量对比初始发酵条件降低了52.18%.     

固定化玫瑰微球菌发酵产海藻糖合成酶系

以聚氨酯为载体固定化培养玫瑰微球菌,发酵生产海藻糖合成酶系麦芽糖苷基海藻糖合成酶MTSase和麦芽糖苷基海藻糖水解酶MTHase。考察了细胞固定化对菌体生长及产酶的影响, 对固定化细胞重复批次发酵换液条件进行了初探。固定化细胞发酵40h,酶活达到最大值,产酶周期缩短了56h,细胞干质量和酶活分别达到12g/L和52u/mL,比游离细胞发酵提高了12%和33%。重复批次发酵最佳的换液条件为发酵40h后,以40%的换液量每隔24h以等量新鲜培养基替换发酵液。在此条件下,重复发酵9批,连续230h菌体生物量及酶活无明显下降。在10L发酵罐中进行放大实验,酶活最高达到80u/mL,重复发酵7批,连续180h菌体生物量及酶活无明显下降,酶的时空产率达到56.9u/(L·h),比单批发酵提高了42.5%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that