羊毛防毡缩处理工艺的探讨

采用氧化一树脂法对羊毛进行防缩处理，以天然生物材料壳聚糖作为防缩树脂，对比了不同预氧化条件下的防缩效果，选择了最佳的防缩处理条件，对处理后羊毛的毡缩性和强度等指标进行了测定，结果表明，用壳聚糖作为羊毛防缩树脂，必须先进行预氧化才能达到满意的防缩效果，氧化处理采用次氯酸钠和高锰酸钾混合液处理的效果较好，并可降低次氯酸钠的用量。     

纳米TiO2整理羊毛织物防毡缩的工艺优化

从毛织物毡合、起毛、起球,容易变形,尺寸稳定性差等现实问题出发,通过实验研究,讨论纳米TiO2整理毛织物防毡缩的最优工艺.采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米TiO2材料,将其配制成稳定的防毡缩纳米整理剂;通过分析聚氨基树脂、TiO2、TiO2-聚氨基树脂整理工艺对毛织物毡缩的影响,得到最佳的羊毛防毡缩整理的整理工艺.结果表明:该工艺可以降低纤维表面的摩擦阻力,极大地改善羊毛织物的防毡缩.     

电化学凝聚法处理餐饮废水的工艺条件优化

用铝作为电极,用电凝聚对餐饮废水进行处理.在最佳运行条件下,电消耗量为0.232kw·h/m3,铝消耗量43mg/L,电解效率105%,CODCr平均去除率74%,NH3-N平均去除率53.8%,总磷的去除率85.1%,油的去除率86.1%.     

A2O法处理焦化废水的工艺优化及改进实践

A2O法是目前处理焦化废水的主流工艺。以太原煤气化股份有限公司第二焦化厂为例,详细介绍了生化废水处理站的工艺优化及改进技术,以期为同行的工艺改进提供借鉴。     

生防细菌2016NX1对病原真菌的抑制及发酵条件优化

采用平板对峙法和带毒平板法测定铜绿假单胞菌Pseudomonas aeruginosa2016NX1对玉米大斑病菌Exserohilum turcicum、甘蔗凤梨病菌Ceratocystis paradoxa、贡柑链格孢菌Alternaria citri、辣椒炭疽病菌Colletotrichum capsici、水稻胡麻叶斑病菌Cochliobolus miyabeanus等9种不同植物病原真菌生长的抑制作用。结果显示,铜绿假单胞菌2016NX1及其发酵产生的代谢产物对供试病原真菌生长具有很好的抑制效果。通过单因素实验和正交实验对铜绿假单胞菌2016NX1的发酵条件进行优化,结果确定最优的发酵条件为:接种量为2%,摇床转速为100r/min,发酵温度为37℃。     

皇冠果壳中皇冠苷A的提取工艺优化及含量测定

用HPLC方法测定了皇冠果壳中皇冠苷A的含量,确定了HPLC法测定皇冠苷A含量的条件.测定结果为:皇冠果壳中皇冠苷A的含量不低于16.47g/kg.用正交试验优化了皇冠果壳中皇冠苷A的提取工艺,结果表明其理论最佳提取工艺条件为:用体积分数55％的乙醇提取2次,每次提取1h,每次所用乙醇的体积为皇冠果壳质量的20倍.     

离子色谱测定高Cl-浓度样品中NO2-、NO3-的条件优化

本文研究了用EDTA溶液作淋洗液，用非抑制型离子色谱法测定高Cl^-浓度样品中NO2^-、NO3^-的流动相条件。用均匀设计法设计了实验方案，通过多元回归得出流动相浓度（X1）、流量（X2）、温度（X3）和pH值（X4）等因素对各离子的保留时间tCl^-、tNO2^-、tNO3^-影响的回归方程分别为。用网络法优化了实验条件，筛选出了优化条件，可较好地解决Cl^-峰对NO2^-峰的重叠、干扰的问题。     

Influence of the Process Conditions on the Formation of AOX Compounds during Wool Chlorine Pretreatment

Chlorination occurred simultaneously with oxidationwhen wool was treated by chlorine-containing reagents.The adsorbable organic halogens(AOX) compounds were produced by the chlorination of amino acid residues,especially tyrosine residue. The factors that might influence the reaction of dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA) with tyrosine residue were discussed. Higher temperature, appropriate pH value and lower concentration of chloride ion are favorable to decrease the percentage of chlorination. Determination of optimum process conditions would be helpful to control AOX compounds formation during wool chlorine pretreatment.     

Influence of the Process Conditions on the Formation df AOX Compounds during Wool Chlorine Pretreatment

Chlorination occurred simultaneously with oxidation when wool was treated by chlorine-containing reagents. The adsorbable organic halogens( AOX) compounds were produced by the chlorination of amino acid residues, especially tyrosine residue. The factors that might influence the reaction of dichloroisocyanuric acid (DCCA) with tyrosine residue were discussed. Higher temperature, appropriate pH value and lower concentration of chloride ion are favorable to decrease the percentage of chlorination. Determination of optimum process conditions would be helpful to control AOX compounds formation during wool chlorine pretreatment.     

Identification of Some AOX Compounds Formed in Wool Chlorination Using Model Chemicals

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羊毛氯化废水中有机卤化物的处理

羊毛氯化处理产生有机卤化物,对人类造成极大危害,氯化工艺面临淘汰.为保护氯化工艺,采用絮凝和碱解等方法处理氯化废水,降低废水中有机卤化物的含量.经过处理,废水中可吸附有机卤化物AOX(Adsorbable Organic Halo-gens)含量可达到1mg/L以下.     

Alkaline Hydrolysis to Reduce the AOX Concentrations in Effluents from Chlorination Treatment of Wool

Organic halogens generated in the chlorlnatlon treatment of wool are proven to be acutely toxic to human beings. Legislation on environmental pollution has become more and more stringent in recent years. So the chlorlnation treatment is faced with disuse. Alkaline hydrolysis is adopted to reduce the AOX (Absorbable Organic Halogen) concentrations in the effluents from the chlorlnatlontreatment under 40℃ and pH values 9, 10, 11 and 12. After treatment the reduction of AOX appears approximately 65%.     

Determination of Absorbable Organic Halogen (AOX) Concentration in Wool Dyeing Effluent of Lanasol Dyes

In this paper, the absorbable organic halogen (AOX) amounts in the effluents from Lanasol reactive wool dyeing were determined using DIN 38409 H14 methods and compared with the remaining chromophore concentratlons which were determined spectrophotometrically. It was found that the dyes remaining in the dyeing effluents did result in AOX concentratiom. By measuring the adsorption rates of Lanasol dyes on activated charcoal at different temperatures and pH values, the maximum adsorption on activated charcoal and optimum adsorption conditions of the Lanasol reactive dyes were determined. The experiments showed that the AOX values of the dyes measured by these two methods were not in agreement.he reasons for this observation are discussed.     

Treatment of Organic Compounds in Reclaimed Wastewater for Groundwater Recharge

To study water quality problems associated with groundwater recharge, a tertiary treatment process, consisting of coagulation, sand filtration, and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption, was used in combination with a simulated soil aquifer treatment. The process significantly improved secondary effluent quality. GAC adsorption reduced organic substances expressed by UV-254, dissolved organic carbon as well as partially adsorbable organic halogens. The results of the Ames test show that the secondary effluent contains a high concentration of mutagens. GAC filtration removed adsorbable organic bromine slightly whereas GAC adsorption removed mutagens effectively. The simulated soil aquifer treatment was able to further reduce UV-254, dissolved organic carbon, and adsorbable organic halogens through biodegradation. Adsorbable organic bromine levels were also reduced by the soil aquifer treatment process. The given reclamation technology used for groundwater recharge is of benefit to the removal of dissolved organic carbon, UV-254, adsorbable organic halogens, and rnutagenicity.     

用于地下回灌的城市污水臭氧处理

为回用城市污水 ,以缓解我国水资源日益短缺的紧张局面 ,研究了臭氧对典型城市二级生化出水 (北京高碑店污水处理厂 )中有机物的去除效果。对以 AOX表征的有机物 ,臭氧与之的直接反应和间接反应的去除率存在限值 ,直接反应的最大去除率可达 2 4% ,间接反应的最大去除率可达 3 8%。间接反应中 ,NO-2 、细菌、苯系物优先与臭氧反应 ,AOX、DOC反应慢 ,臭氧去除 AOX是氧化卤素原子的脱卤作用。二级生化出水经臭氧处理后 ,还可以有效去除细菌 ,并破坏大分子及苯环 ,从而提高了水的可生化降解性。臭氧消耗量为 2 4mg/ L 时 ,再经土壤含水层处理 ,出水 DOC值可达地下水水源标准     

Union Dyeing Behavior on the Blends of Tencel and Shrink-proofing Wool with the Same Reactive Dyestuffs in One Bath

In order to obtain union colour on the blends of Tencel and shrink-proofing wool and improve the efficiency of dyeing process, the dyeing behavior on the blends of Tencel and shrink-proofing wool in the same bath was studied. The Argazol TW reactive dyestuffs were involved in the dyeing process. The parameters under different conditions such as exhaustion, fixation, compatibility as well as soaping fastness were investigated in detail. It is shown that the Argazol TW reactive dyestuffs are suitable for dyeing of blends of Tencel and shrink-proofing wool and good dyeing behavior can be expected.     

全毛针织绒线绞纱防毡缩及其染色工艺

论述了全毛针织绒线绞纱氯化一树脂防缩法．用二氯异氰脲酸盐作为释氯剂，阳离子自交联非硅聚合物为树脂，通过释氯剂的不同用量及处理浴的ｐＨ值和温度变化，研究全毛针织绒线的处理效果．得出采用３％释氯剂滴加（处理浴ｐＨ值为４．５、温度为３０℃）和３％树脂进行绞纱防缩处理，防缩效果达到了国际羊毛局机可洗的标准．选用适当的染料（兰纳素和兰纳洒脱染料），试验释氯剂对色变的影响；对不同的颜色，根据释氯剂对其影响程度的大小，采用不同的处理顺序（先氯化处理后染色或先染色后氯化处理）．对先氯化处理的全毛针织绒线染色性能的研究结果表明，适当地提高染浴的ｐＨ值，降低染浴的始染温度，必要附加入适当的释酸剂控制染浴的ｐＨ值，有利于染色的均匀．防缩后的全毛针织绒线的色牢度符合国际羊毛局机可洗的色牢度要求．