以圆周为界面两相材料多裂纹反平面问题

运用复变函数及积分方程方法,求解了以圆周为界面的两相材料中的多裂纹反平面问题．为解决该问题,建立了两种类型的基本解,分别对应于单裂纹在圆域内和圆域外的情形．利用叠加原理和所得的基本解把两相材料中的多裂纹问题化为单裂纹问题的叠加,得出了一组以基本解密度函数为未知函数的Ｆｒｅｄｈｏｌｍ积分方程组．通过对该积分方程组的数值求解,可以得出密度函数的离散值,进而得出裂纹尖端的应力强度因子．文中对于两条裂纹分别位于圆域内和圆域外以及两条裂纹均在圆域外的情形进行了数值计算．     

反平面弹性圆形域边缘裂纹奇异积分方程方法

在反平面弹性情况下,采用在裂纹位置处放置分布住错的方法模拟裂纹,导出了求解圆域或含圆孔无限大域中多边缘裂纹问题的奇异积分方程．首先给出反平面弹性情况下。无限大域中多裂纹问题的复势函数．通过引入补充项,消除无限大域中多裂纹问题的解在圆域边界或圆孔周界上的作用,得到了圆域边界或圆孔周界自由的多边缘裂纹问题的基本解．再由裂纹边界条件建立以分布位错密度为未知函数的Cauchy型奇异积分方程．数值计算时,利用半开型积分法则求解奇异积分方程,得出位错密度函数的离散值,进而计算裂纹尖端处的应力强度因子．最后给出了两个算例,其结果表明所采用方法是可行和正确的,所得结果可以应用于工程实际．     

具有不对称共线裂纹的圆形孔口问题的应力分析

利用复变函数方法,通过构造保角映射．研究了具有不对称共线裂纹的圆形孔口的平面弹性问题,求得在裂纹尖端的应力强度因子．在极限情形下,不仅可以还原为已有的结果．而且给出带双对称裂纹的圆形孔口在裂纹尖端的应力强度因子．     

轴向环形界面裂纹的弹性波散射

自从１９７９年Ｎｅｅｒｈｏｆ首次研究了加层半空间中有限宽平面界面裂纹对Ｌｏｖｅ波的散射问题以来，界面裂纹的弹性波散射问题为众人所日益关注．近年来在这方面已有了一系列的研究工作．然而，其中大多数处理的是分层介质中的平面界面裂纹问题．本文考虑了轴向环形界面裂纹与弹性波的相互作用问题．利用Ｆｏｕｒｉｅｒ积分变换，将问题演化为一组对偶积分方程，并借助于雅可比多项式，给出了问题的级数解，最后得出了散射场在裂纹尖端附近的应力强度因子及远场位移模式的表达式，并对散射场的近场及远场特性进行了分析     

I型弯折裂纹的应力分析

采用复变函数方法,研究了I型弯折裂纹的平面弹性问题,通过引用适当的保角映射和特殊应力函数,得到了弯折裂纹尖端I型问题应力强度因子的解析解．结果表明,当β=0时,这个结果可以还原到最简单的直线裂纹的情况．     

循环压缩荷载下岩石的疲劳裂纹扩展机制

通过有限元方法建立3种几何条件的岩石裂纹模型．考虑岩石裂纹面接触问题,对循环载荷作用下的裂纹萌‘生扩展进行分析．研究结果表明,裂尖区域在循环压缩载荷作用下的残余拉伸应力是导致裂纹扩展的重要因素．同时,还对不同裂尖几何在裂纹描述的合理性方面提出了一些看法．研究结果表明,裂纹在循环压缩载荷作用下的扩展能力是有限的、稳定的．     

带k个周期径向裂纹的圆形孔口问题的解析解

利用复变函数的方法,构造了适当的保角映射,研究了带k个期径向裂纹的圆形孔口的平面弹性问题．得到了裂纹尖端I型裂纹问题应力强度因子的解析解。     

共线双裂纹压电材料无限长条的反平面问题

研究了无限长压电材料条中共线并与材料界面平行的双裂纹受反平面剪切冲击作用的问题．假设裂纹面上的边界条件为电渗透型的,采用积分变换和对偶积分方程方法,获得了裂纹尖端应力场．数值结果显示应力强度因子与裂纹的几何尺寸、压电材料长条宽度及材料性质有关．     

等参数平面裂纹问题的二级分形有限元分析

针对正交各向异性板的平面裂纹问题，应用二级分形有限元的办法研究了裂纹尖端应力强度因子的计算方法．与各向同性平面裂纹问题比拟，获得正交各向异性平面裂纹问题的一般解，并将它作为整体插值函数；利用二级分形有限元对平面裂纹板进行离散，使得求解的自由度极大地减少．结果表明，只需有限粗略的网格划分和简单的插值单元就可以有效地获得较精确的裂纹尖端应力强度因子．     

一种新边界积分方程在三维裂纹分析中的应用

在推导出一种新的边界积分方程的基础上，分别对三维单个裂纹、多个周期裂纹进行了数值计算．单个裂纹的计算结果表明，最大裂纹张开位移能达到误差低于１．０％的精确结果；多裂纹的计算结果表明，在退化为二维问题时与解析解相吻合，该方法可用于断裂力学对多裂纹的研究．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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