短程高效回收废锂离子电池中铜金属的技术及机理研究

信息通讯技术和电动汽车产业的快速发展产生了大量的废锂离子电池,其资源化回收成为资源可持续利用及环境保护的重要手段.但传统的回收过程工艺繁琐,资源化效率较低阻碍了产业的良性发展.为了缩短废锂离子电池的资源化工艺,选择离子液体作为加热介质,通过熔化黏结剂,分离铜箔和负极材料实现对废锂离子电池中铜金属的回收.回收过程发生急剧的热对流和热传导过程,利用搅拌机快速运转强化了热对流的过程和机械力分离正极材料,基于传热理论傅里叶定律建立了热传递过程数学模型.通过详细实验研究发现,当加热温度180℃、搅拌速度350 r/min、停留时间30 min,可以实现铜金属的短程高效回收.本技术的研发大大促进了铜铝金属的高效回收,打通了废锂离子电池的闭环供应链.     

基于PCA-EBP神经网络的煤炭物流成本预测

为了科学、准确地对煤炭物流成本进行预测,针对煤炭物流成本影响因素之间存在信息重叠以及BP神经网络对多噪声样本和小样本问题预测结果较差等问题,提出了一种PCA-EBP神经网络模型。将所建立的模型用于内蒙古SH煤炭生产企业煤炭物流成本实际预测。结果表明:模型最大误差为1.748%,最小误差为0.0728%,平均误差为0.972%,均好于径向基神经网络(RBF)和支持向量回归机(SVR),预测精度较高,能够满足煤炭物流成本预测的实际需求,验证了所提出模型的有效性和可靠性。     

碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝土电热性能的数值模拟与试验研究

碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝土是一种新型纤维增强水泥基复合材料,不仅具有良好的力学性能,而且具有优异的导电性能。本文进行了碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝小板电热升温试验,并建立数学模型,采用有限元进行数值模拟,得到了不同环境温度、导热层厚度、输入功率条件下小板表面的温度变化规律,并进行了有无隔热层情况的对比。结果表明：碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝土通电后可以形成良好的导电加热网络,产生热量使混凝土温度升高,升温过程中电阻率十分稳定,数值分析结果与实验结果吻合较好。通过野外融雪试验,验证了该材料良好的电热融雪效果。利用碳/玻璃纤维混合编织网增强混凝土的电热性能,可以实现安全、环保、高效的融雪化冰。     

差分空时块对角码

提出一种用于多入多出无线通信系统的新型差分空时编码——差分空时块对角码．利用这种编码所具有的块对角结构，能够设计出多种高性能差分空时块对角码，尤其适用于发射天线较多、传输速率较高的情况．在平坦衰落信道下，当传输速率高于1bps／Hz时，差分空时块对角码的性能优于传统的差分空时码，而且发射天线越多优势越明显；在频率选择性衰落信道下，采用此编码的多入多出正交频分复用系统能够同时获得很高的空间、时间和频率分集增益．由于具有特殊的正交结构，差分空时块对角码还具有简单的译码算法．另外，采用此编码还可以大幅度降低射频电路成本．     

物化——生化工艺处理含有浆粕废水及粘胶废水的化纤废水的试验研究

含有浆粕废水及粘胶废水的化纤放心水内有各种难降解有机物。本文对共进行了试验研究。事实证明了物化－生化工艺是可行的，其具体有运行管理简单，基建投资少，产泥量少等优点。同时本文提出了主要设计参数。出水COD，BOD与SS都达到了GB8978－1996表4Ⅱ级标准。     

基于卷积编码的SOC测试响应压缩研究

提出一种单输出压缩方法. 首先提出了码率为n/（n-1）、距离为3的卷积码的设计规则, 利用这些规则可得到卷积码的校验矩阵, 该校验矩阵的实现电路即是能够提供单输出压缩的响应压缩电路. 所设计的压缩电路可避免2个和任意奇数个错误位的混淆、避免一个未知位（X位）对特征的掩盖. 利用概率论分析了未知位掩盖效应. 如果未知位分布具有聚簇特征, 那么提出的多重量校验矩阵设计算法能够大大降低未知位的掩盖效应. 最后用一些实验数据验证了所提出的压缩电路能够提供较强的未知位容忍能力和非常低的错误位混淆率.     

S波段15次倍频器研制

阶跃恢复二极管常用于单阶高次的倍频器设计,我们将讨论如何利用阶跃恢复二极管的强非线性特征,设计一个微波倍频器。倍频器的设计要求是输入频率为200MHz,能够输出3GHz的信号,功率大于10dB,同时相对输入信号噪声恶化值不超过25dB。本文论述了这种S波段15次倍频器的基本原理及设计方法。     

火电厂化肥产业在我国的前景：关于我国洁净能源技术战略的探索

清洁能源是我国２１世纪的重要任务。发达国家的火力发电厂脱硫普遍采用高投资,高成本的抛弃法,而我国的情况有所不同。本文提出了回收火电厂的废气ＳＯ２,用于化肥生产,形成火电厂化肥产业的技术途径。分析表明,结合各地区的具体条件,采用不同的ＳＯ２利用方式,不仅可实现洁净电的社会效益,而且可产生废气ＳＯ２资源化的明显经济效益。     

并联型12脉波整流系统直流侧有源谐波抑制研究

为提高多脉波整流系统的谐波抑制能力,降低系统的开关损耗,研究了一种多脉波整流系统直流侧有源谐波抑制方法.根据多脉波整流系统交、直流侧电流关系,分析了输入电流为正弦波时所需的环流,并给出了可实现的环流形状;根据有源平衡电抗器副边电压和可实现环流的关系,确定了可通过在有源平衡电抗器副边串联电阻消耗输入电流谐波能量;为回收串联电阻所消耗的谐波能量,设计了半桥PWM整流电路串联于有源平衡电抗器副边,回收谐波能量并返送给负载,实现了谐波能量的回收再利用.实验结果表明,PWM整流器正常运行时,系统功率因数近似为1,且系统的谐波抑制性能不受负载变化和输入电压变化影响.     

DCT变速混合动力轿车制动降档过程优化控制

针对装配干式双离合器式自动变速器(dual clutch transmission,DCT)的弱混合动力轿车发动机辅助制动工况,为充分回收制动能量,制定了电液复合制动力矩分配策略,并对该工况瞬态降档过程各阶段离合器传递力矩和ISG电机输出力矩协调控制问题展开了研究.首先,建立了DCT降档过程动力学方程,模糊识别驾驶员制动意图,计算并获得驾驶员需求制动力矩,考虑电机最大制动力矩限制、发动机辅助制动力矩以及整车行驶阻力矩,根据所制定的复合制动力矩分配策略决策了发动机辅助制动过程ISG目标输出力矩;其次,设计降档过程转矩相分离离合器控制律,模型计算得到了离合器传递力矩;再者,考虑ISG电机力矩响应速度及转速同步时刻冲击度等,设计了发动机转速参考轨迹,并综合运用线性二次型最优跟踪及模型参考自适应控制,在外界扰动及模型参数摄动的情况下求取了惯性相结合离合器转速同步过程ISG电机输出力矩;最后,为避免从降档过程切换至在档稳定减速制动时,由于电机力矩突变所造成的车辆较大冲击,设计了电机力矩切换控制策略.仿真结果表明:所设计的制动降档控制策略能够充分利用发动机辅助制动力矩,并回收部分制动能量,ISG电机能够响应降档过程需求制动力矩的变化,实现快速换档.     

Sterols of the pine processionary caterpillar; effects of diflubenzuron (Dimilin®)

Summary Cholesterol in pine processionary caterpillars (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff.; Lepidoptera is produced mainly from -sitosterol present in their food (pine needles); it can also be synthesized from acetic acid. This synthesis is stimulated by the insecticide Dimilin but inhibited by the antibiotic tetracycline.This work has been partly realized at the Institut de Chimie des Substances naturelles of CNRS. Thanks to the amiability of Mr Michel Barbier.     

Chaperone-mediated autophagy: machinery,regulation and biological consequences

Degradation of dysfunctional intracellular components in the lysosome system can occur through three different pathways, i.e., macroautophagy, microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). In this review, we focus on CMA, a type of autophagy distinct from the other two autophagic pathways owing to its selectivity, saturability and competitivity by which a subset of long-lived cytosolic soluble proteins are directly delivered into the lysosomal lumen via specific receptors. CMA participates in quality control to maintain normal cell functions by clearing “old” proteins and provides energy to cells under nutritional stress. Deregulation of CMA has recently been shown to underlie some diseases, especially neurodegenerative disorders for which the decline with age in the activity of CMA may become a major aggravating factor. Therefore, targeting aberrant alteration in CMA under pathological conditions could serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating related diseases.     

Einfluß von Penicillin auf die Wurzelkultur(Zea mays) Nachweis von β-Indolylessigsäure (Heteroauxin) im Handelspenicillin

Summary (1) Pure Penicillin Sodium G (150 U/cm³) gives no inhibition in the growth-rate ofmays-roots in sterile organe culture.(2) Commercial penicillin (Penicillin Sodium Squibb, 5 U/cm³) inhibits the growth-rate ofmays-roots in a fairly high degree, due to its content of indole acetic acid. We have been able to separate the substance from the yellow dyes of commercial penicillin by chromatographic adsorption and to identify it colorimetrically as indole acetic acid.     

污水消毒面临的技术挑战及其对策

本文在系统阐述污水消毒原水水质特点的基础上,分析了污水消毒面临的技术挑战和污水消毒可能带来的生态风险,并初步提出了污水消毒的安全保障措施。提出如何处理好卫生学安全和生态安全的关系是污水消毒处理中面临的主要矛盾,也是保障处理水和再生水水质安全的关键环节。强调了污水安全消毒技术研究与消毒前的污水处理技术和工艺研究相结合的重要性以及研究开发“水质安全化”综合技术和工艺的必要性。     

Binding of indole-acetic acid to cytosol proteins of embryonic chicken liver

3H-Indole acetic acid bound to cytosol proteins of embryonic chicken liver in vitro to an average capacity of at least 20 pmoles/mg binding protein. The auxin-binding protein complexes could be resolved into 4 major zones by anion exchange chromatography; they sedimented at 3-7 S in sucrose density gradients, and were also heterogenous in agarose gel electrophoresis.     

Interference with histamine and imidazole acetic acid metabolism by salicylates: a possible contribution to salicylate analgesic activity?

In man, rats and mice, the urinary excretion of the histamine and L-histidine metabolite, imidazole acetic acid, is increased and that of the conjugated metabolite, ribosylimidazole acetic acid, decreased by small doses of salicylates. In contrast to salicylates, other non-salicylate anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, phenacetin and acetaminophen do not influence the excretion of the urinary metabolites of histamine and L-histidine. Since imidazole acetic acid is reported to have analgesic and narcotic activity, there is the inference that the analgesic properties of salicylate might be due in part to interference in imidazole acetic acid metabolism.     

Spleen antibacterial peptides: high levels of PR-39 and presence of two forms of NK-lysin

Antibacterial peptides were isolated from porcine spleen by acetic acid extraction, ion exchange chromatography and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. C-terminal ladder sequence analysis of a bioactive peptide with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry after digestion with carboxypeptidases P and Y showed that it is identical to the antibacterial proline/arginine-rich intestinal peptide PR-39. It is present at high levels in granulocytes of the spleen, and peptides with C-terminal proline amide and internal adjacent Pro residues can be analyzed with this method. In addition, two forms of NK-lysin (NKL) were found. One, NKLi, is identical to that isolated from pig intestine, and the other, NKLbw, to a mature peptide deduced from a clone from a porcine bone marrow cDNA library.     

浅谈我国食品安全保障机制的改进

随着生活水平的提高,提高食品质量安全已经成为我国食品生产的首要任务.本文总结了食品安全内涵的演变,分析了我国食品质量存在的不足,提出为改进我国食品质量安全,需要借鉴国内外成功经验建立食品质量安全可追溯系统以加强食品生产的全程监管和引入”肯定列表制度”以完善食品质量评价.为此,需要改革食品安全管理体制、规范食品安全信息采集及加强食品质量安全标准制定.政府对食品安全的日益重视及食品生产集约化程度的日益提高为此提供了便利.相信在不远的将来,我国也一定能建立起”源头能控制、过程可追溯、质量可保证、产品可召回”的食品质量安全保证体系.从而为广大消费者提供安全食品,并在国际市场占有一席之地.     

Interference with histamine and imidazole acetic acid metabolism by salicylates: A possible contribution to salicylate analgesic activity?

Summary In man, rats and mice, the urinary excretion of the histamine andl-histidine metabolite, imidazole acetic acid, is increased and that of the conjugated metabolite, ribosylimidazole acetic acid, decreased by small doses of salicylates. In contrast to salicylates, other non-salicylate anti-inflammatory drugs, indomethacin, phenylbutazone, phenacetin and acetaminophen do not influence the excretion of the urinary metabolites of histamine andl-histidine. Since imidazole acetic acid is reported to have analgesic and narcotic activity, there is the inference that the analgesic properties of salicylate might be due in part to interference in imidazole acetic acid metabolism.     

Binding of indole-acetic acid to cytosol proteins of embryonic chicken liver

Summary ³H-Indole acetic acid bound to cytosol proteins of embryonic chicken liver in vitro to an average capacity of at least 20 pmoles/mg binding protein. The auxin-binding protein complexes could be resolved into 4 major zones by anion exchange chromatography; they sedimented at 3–7 S in sucrose density gradients, and were also heterogenous in agarose gel electrophoresis.