聚氨酯涂层剂湿热活性分析及防水透湿性能的研究

通过扫描电镜（SEM）、差热分析（DSC）、透湿杯法测量等手段，对合成的PU涂层膜及涂层布进行了一系列观测，推断该涂层是属于无微孔亲水性透湿。透湿量大小取决于亲水基的含量。观察到织物透湿量随环境温度的升高而增加，这种变化对应于聚合物中PEG，PTMG组分的相变区，有一定的热效应。这种性能可赋予织物“防水透湿调温”功能，明显增加织物服用舒适性。     

水分散聚氨酯阴离子体涂层行为的研究

本文研究了水分散聚氨酯阴离子体涂层剂的聚集状态与性能的关系,特别是对影响织物涂层的主要因素作了探讨。本文在下列几个方面作了研究:(1) PU(聚氨酯,Polyurethane)阴离子体与HPAM(水解聚丙烯酰胺,Hydrolyzed polyacrylamide)共混二相结构对玻璃化温度T_g及透湿量的影响;(2) PU大分子(AB)_n型结构对力学性能及涂层性能的影响;(3) 交链剂的交链行为;(4) 离子化度对贮存稳定性的影响。此外,在研究PU阴离子体涂层性能的控制因素方面提出了新的见解,即调节PU阴离子体中硬段含量可获得透湿性强且弹性好的涂层织物。     

有机硅改性聚氨酯的合成及微观结构与性能研究

为制得高性能防水透湿织物涂层剂,用聚四氢呋喃醚、聚乙二醇、α,ω-二氨丙基聚二甲基硅氧烷为混合软段,二羟甲基丙酸为亲水扩连剂,1,4-丁二醇为硬段调节剂,与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯反应合成了水性有机硅改性聚氨酯(WSPU).通过红外光谱、核磁共振谱表征了其化学组成;通过差热扫描量热仪、透射电镜、正电子湮灭寿命谱等研究了WSPU膜的微观结构;通过静态拉伸试验考察了WSPU膜的力学性能.研究结果表明,聚氨酯改性后膜内部微相分离结构更明显,自由体积空洞变大,致使其透湿性能提高,涂层织物最大透湿量达2 130.1g.(m2.d)-1.此研究具有工业化推广价值.     

成膜条件对聚氨酯微孔膜性能的影响

采用单因素的分析方法研究质量分数、预干燥时间、涂层厚度、凝固浴温度等成膜参数与以N，N二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）为溶剂的溶剂型聚氨酯（PU）的成膜性能，包括薄膜的孔隙率、厚度、透湿性能（WVP）的关系．结果表明，随PU质量分数的增大，膜厚度与平方米质量都在增加且趋势相似，而膜的孔隙率和透湿量呈下降趋势；薄膜厚度随涂层厚度的增加而线性增加；凝固浴温度升高的过程中，透湿量波动明显；随预干燥时间的延长，透湿量缓步下降．     

聚氨酯涂层液温度对涂层织物透湿性的影响

采用湿法涂层技术在SMS基布上进行聚氨酯涂层．通过对透湿量进行测试，并采用电子扫描电镜对膜形态进行观察，研究了涂层织物透湿性和聚氨酯涂层液温度之间的关系．研究结果表明，随着涂层液温度的增加，透湿量降低，原因是聚氨酯大分子在较高温度时分子伸展变直．通过电镜照片发现随着PU涂层液温度的增加，PU大分子的活动性增加，导致孔的数目和直径都在减小．     

聚丙烯酸酯接枝聚氨酯共聚物合成及应用

确定了首先合成出带有异氰酸酯端基的聚氨酯预聚体支链部分，然后在聚丙烯酸酯主链上引入带有活泼氢的单体，通过异氰酸酯基与羟基反应将支链接枝到主链上的合成路线，制备了聚丙烯酸酯接枝聚氨酯共聚物溶液，并利用紫外吸收光谱法确定了产物的接枝共聚结构。将所合成了接枝共聚物溶液用于织物涂层整理，得到了具有优良性能的防水透湿涂层织物。     

水性形状记忆聚氨酯的合成及其在织物上的应用

聚己内酯二元醇(PCL)为结晶软段,异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)为硬段,合成硬段含量不同的一系列交联型水分散形状记忆聚氨酯(SMPU).通过FTIR、DSC、XRD、透湿性和形状记忆性能测试等,研究了硬段含量对形状记忆聚氨酯(SMPU)结构与性能的影响以及形状记忆聚氨酯在织物涂层上的应用.结果表明:随着硬段含量的提高,聚氨酯的结晶熔融温度升高,结晶度下降,形状回复率先增大再减小.当硬段为28.6%时,形状回复率达到最大为94%.经SMPU处理过的织物随着SMPU硬段含量的增加,透湿量降低;随着温度的升高,透湿量增大.形状回复角较未经处理的织物原样有明显增大.     

Gore-tex防水透湿层压织物的概述

介绍了各类防水透湿织物的种类、性能及研究发展状况,着重叙述了商品名为Gore-tex的PTFE微孔膜层压织物,并提出了存在的问题.     

防水透湿层压复合织物粘合和固化工艺的研究

研究了采用湿固化聚氨酯热溶胶生产防水透湿层压复合织物的粘合及固化工艺.结果表明,较为理想的工艺是:转移温度为湿固化聚氨酯在粘度为10 000 mPa.s时所对应的温度93℃,车速为10～20 m/min,固化温度在30℃以上,湿度在90%以上.     

低温环境下多层衣着的湿传递特征的研究

环境温度对织物的热湿传递影响是显著的，采用自行研制的低温下织物热湿传递特性试验装王，采用Coolmax涤纶针织物和纯棉针织物作内衣层试样，Thermolite Barrier作中间保暖层试样，涤纶花瑶PrFE层合防水透湿织物和涤纶春亚纺PU涂层织物作外衣层试样，在-20℃的低温环境下测试并研究多层衣着的湿传递特征，并推导了多层衣着的总平均湿阻与各层织物的平均湿阻之间的关系。实验结果显示，在-20℃低温环境下的热湿传递过程中易产生凝结，凝结多发生在内衣层和中间保暖层，透湿性好的外衣层和吸湿好的内衣层的总平均湿阻值小，导湿性能好的内衣层上凝结水量少。     

Condensation of Water Vapor on Waterproof Breathable Fabrics

Condensation occurs when the local vapor pressure rises above the saturation vapor pressure at the local temperature in theory. A new measuring apparatus were made to obtain temperature and relative humidity simultaneously for the purpose of investigating the mechanism of condensation occurred on the fabrics. The experiment conducted at the standard condition of temperature of 20℃ and relative humidity of 65%. The result obtained from experiment showed that condensation could occur under the situation closed to saturation line as the temperature on fabric may be lower than dew point of water vapor in the measuring box depending on the experiment conducted at an ambient environment temperature of 20℃ The range of fabrics studied showed that PTFE laminated fabrics except nylon gingham PTFE laminated fabric facilitates the loss of water vapor and therefore prevent condensation. It is necessary to develop studies from a wide range of fabrics, especially breathable fabrics and under bad experiment conditio     

Structure and Properties of Polytetrafluorethylene and Polyurethane Layered Membrane for Protective Clothing

IntroductionProtective clothing articles used for wear in wetconditions ; in outdoor activities ; in handling hazardouschemicals , in preventing contamination, in avoidinginfection, should in each instance protect the wearer bypreventing leakage of water or other fluids andmicroorganisms into the article while keeping the wearercomfortable by allowing perspiration to evaporate from thewearer to the outside of the article .In additionto the above ,the amount of stretch and its recovery and the …     

表面改性对织物湿传递性能影响

将实验用织物进行了亲水性和拒水性整理，使用织物微气候仪，利用汽态湿传递和液态湿传递方法研究了织物热湿传递性能。实验结果表明，无论经过亲水性整理或拒水性整理，织物的水汽湿传递性能均无明显变化，而织物液态湿传递性能却发生了显著变化。在织物液态湿传递过程中，影响其传递性能的主要因素是织物的毛细吸水效应。     

Influences of Cotton Fabric Treatments on Human Physical Responses during Exercise and Recovery

We investigated the influences of liquid water transfer property of cotton fabric on human physiological responses, such as ear canal temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, stress hormone, during exercise and recovery. Long sleeves cotton knitted sportswear treated to have special liquid water transfer property were prepared; （1） Hydrophilic; （ 2 ） Hydrophobic; and （ 3 ） Moisture Management （MM）. Wearing these garments, human subjects ran on treadmill according ＂to a pre-designed experimental protocol. It was found that during exercise hydrophilic cotton caused significantly higher mean skin temperature than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics, while during recovery, hydrophilic and MM cotton fabrics caused significantly higher mean skin temperature than hydrophobic cotton fabric. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly lower heart rate than MM cotton fabric, lower systolic blood pressure than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics. Hydrophobic cotton fabric caused significantly higher urinary catecholamine volume than hydrophilic and MM cotton fabric, indicating stronger physical stress. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly stronger thermal and humidity sensations than MM and hydrophobic cotton fabrics at the end of first and second exercise sessions. Hydrophilic cotton fabric caused significantly stronger discomfort sensation than hydrophobic cotton fabric at the end of first session of exercise. In the end of wear trial, MM cotton fabric caused significantly higher tiredness sensation than hydrophilic and hydrophobic cotton fabrics.     

An Investigation on Water Transmission Through Two - layer Knitted Fabrics

The aim of this paper is to investigate water transmissionproperties of two-layer weft knitted fabrics and somerelated factors.The author prepared some experimentalfabrics with specific yarns and stitch densities,and mea-sured water vapor permeating rate through the fabricsand liquid water transferability from inner to outerlayer.Results show that the permeating rate is closelyrelated to porosity within fabric while the transferabilitydepends mainly upon the water absorbabilities of fiberson two layers and the degree or their difference.     

细旦丙纶针织物湿舒适性研究——常规客观试验方法测试研究

针对国内新近研制开发的细旦丙纶纤维,本文依据服装舒适性理论,运用常规客观测试方法,对细旦丙纶针织物的液态水传递能力、液态水保持能力、透气性能,放湿干燥性能进行了探讨,最后用灰色聚类判别分析法进行了综合评价。     

A STUDY OF FINE DENIER POLYPROPYLENE FIBER KNITTED FABRICS'''' WET COMFORT——THE WET COMFORT STUDIED BY THE NORMAL OBJECTIVE TEST

Based on the theory of moisture vapor permeability and liquid moisture transmission through fabric, this paper is mainly concerned with the wet comfort of the fine denier polypropylene fiber knitted fabrics. The liquid water transport property the liquid water retention property, the moisture permeability property, the moisture releasing and drying property of these fabrics are tested by normal objective ways and discussed. At last, according to these properties these fabries are classified by grey model synthetic evaluation method.     

亲水性疏水性织物动态热湿舒适性比较研究

以纯毛织物作为亲水性织物的代表、以纯涤纶织物作为疏水性织物的代表，利用织物动态热湿舒适性能测试仪，采用定量汗液蒸发的方法，研究了两类织物的动态热湿舒适性能，并对两者的差异进行了理论分析。研究表明：在动态条件下由于皮肤要经历干燥—出汗—蒸发—干燥、织物要经历干燥—吸湿—放湿—干燥的过程，此时，亲水性的吸湿性好的织物对汗液的蒸发起了阻碍作用，因此动态条件下使用疏水性的织物比使用亲水性的织物更趋合理。     

高红外透过性UHMWPE/锦纶复合微孔织物的制备

将超高相对分子质量聚乙烯(ultrahigh relative molecular weight polyethylene,UHMWPE)溶解后与锦纶6网格布热压复合,采用热致相分离法制得UHMWPE/锦纶复合微孔织物。研究了UHMWPE相对分子质量和质量分数对复合织物厚度、水通量、透气率和水蒸气透过率的影响,并研究了复合织物对紫外光、可见光及红外光的透过性能,计算了复合织物对人体发射红外波段范围内的红外透过率。研究结果表明,采用UHMWPE相对分子质量为100万或400万,质量分数为5%~10%时,其与锦纶6网格布复合形成的微孔织物在波长7~14μm内的加权平均红外透过率达95%以上,且均具有较好的透气性、透湿性和满足服用织物需要的力学性能,同时,该复合织物对紫外光和可见光均有较好的遮蔽性能,可用作凉爽织物。