三峡工程水电站进水口的型式及其水力特性

主要论述三峡工程电站进水口的型式及其实验结果．三峡电站进水口设计是有两种型式,即单孔方案和双孔方案,每种方案都经过数次体型优化,并对每种优化方案进行了模型试验．本根据试验成果对单、双孔进水口各方案的水力特性进行了综合评述及对比分析,最终得出,双孔方案总比单孔方案的流态更好．在给定的控制条件下,双孔方案进水前不会导致任何的漩涡产生,相反,在单孔方案进水口前出现了挟气漩涡．尽管这处漩涡在单四方案中可以被消除,但是要设置破选措施．试验结果表明,双孔方案增大了电站进水口的面积,但是并没有降低水头损失,两种进口方案有着几乎相同的水头损失,但就某种方案而言,优化过程还是降低了水头损失的．本最后简要评价了ASCE的设计准则。     

导流洞双层进水口优化与传统进水口对比研究

为了研究导流洞双层进水口优化体型后的水力特性,并对其与传统进水口布置进行比较,基于某抽水蓄能电站导流洞的设计参数,采用Fluent软件中的VOF水动力模型进行了三维数值模拟.通过改变竖井宽度,即改变水平洞与竖井进口面积比、去除竖井以及采用常规喇叭口进水口3种方案,对双层进水口进行了比较分析.分析重点包括相对流量、水流弗劳德数、相对压强以及水头损失系数等4个方面的特性.研究结果表明：面积比的变化对双层进水口的流量分配和流速分布产生了显著影响.相比于去除竖井的水平进水口,双层进水口在增加泄流量、降低进水口水头损失方面具有明显优势.在孔流流态下,双层进水口的泄流能力已接近单独采用喇叭口泄洪洞.结果显示,双层进水口的泄流主要以竖井下泄为主.在孔流流态时,双层进水口的泄流受下游泄洪洞断面的控制.其独特优势在于能快速对导流期的水平洞进行封堵,并在运行期间迅速进行泄放洞的改建,以便尽快进入运行状态.     

气垫调压室临界稳定断面计算参数取值讨论

针对气垫调压室断面尺寸通常取决于其临界稳定断面这一特点,指出电站静水头、机组引用流量和调压室水位微幅扰动时气体的热力学过程是影响该临界稳定断面的重要因素。对调压室内气体与环境之间热传导过程进行研究,认为以等温变化(多方指数取1.0)模拟小扰动下气体的热力学过程更符合实际情况。对气垫调压室临界稳定断面计算公式进行数学分析并结合工程实例进行计算,结果表明,以电站正常运行时可能出现的最大静水头及其对应流量作为临界稳定断面的计算条件,能满足其他可能工况下的调压室水位波动稳定性要求,更利于工程安全。     

水口水电站运行方式对发电和下游通航影响的试验研究

通过水力模型试验,在几何比尺λ=１００正态整体模型上,研究水口水电站正常运行期一溢流坝不泄洪;和汛期先泄洪后发电或先发电再泄洪时,电站尾水渠及航道段波高、水位涨率、水位涨幅及流速等水力参数,及其对电站７台机组出力（７×２００ＭＷ）、机组稳定和通航的影响．在此基础上提出较为合理的运行方式．     

采用虹吸进水方式的小水电站

1 概况 甘肃省敦煌市党河水库总干渠南湖店电站位于党河水库下游5km处，距敦煌市约30km。它是利用党河总干渠的自然条件进行发电，是一座渠道引水式无调节电站。每年11月中旬至来年2月中旬电站停发电。 电站装机3×630kw，最大水头21.97m，设计水头21.00m，最小水头20.67m，设计引用流量11.82m3/s。水轮机型号HL240—WJ—84，设计水头21m，单机设计流量3.94m3/s，配套发电机型号Tsw1430/50—16—630kw。2 压力管道布置形式 压力管道为明设钢管，采用单机单管形式，并在机组前不设闸阀。单管长度为77.8m，管内流速3.3m3/s。3条钢管在管坡上…     

黑河三道湾水电站引水洞拦污栅前后压差超标的处理

水电厂进水口拦污栅前后压差超标，轻刖对机组发电造成影响，重则影响到拦污栅和引水洞的安全，导致电站不能发电。本文就三道湾水电站汛期拦污栅压差达到了420cm，采取措施将压差降到了30cm，避免意外发生，为其他类似电站提供参考。     

水电站拦污栅水头损失和清污机械研究现状和趋势

分析了水电站拦污栅水头损失的机理 ,拦污栅水头损失与发电水头的关系 ;介绍了国内外水电站清污机械的种类、特点及应用情况。建议开展对已建大中型水电站拦污栅锈蚀、堵塞状况的调查研究 ,为清污机的制造和适时清污提供水力学依据 ,以保证水电站的安全和高效运行     

三峡成库后重庆段运行水位流场模拟

基于圣维南方程组,采用隐式差分格式求解,建立了一维流场模型,计算了三峡库区重庆段,从寸滩断面到市域出口共500余km长江干流江段整体水流特征．对三峡成库后2个典型蓄水位条件下重庆段水流状态进行了模拟预测．预测结果表明：三峡水库蓄水后,坝前156m水位条件下,回水区水面宽度是建库前的3倍左右,断面平均流速仅为建库前的1／3左右;坝前175m水位条件下,回水区水面宽度是建库前的3．5倍左右,断面平均流速仅为建库前的1／4左右．模拟结果反映了建库前后长江干流一维流场的变化特点．它为分析三峡水库在不同水位运行时对重庆段水流状态及生态环境的影响范围及程度提供了参考．     

引水电站侧向进水口体型设计的数值模拟研究

引水电站侧向进水口因河流主流方向与引水管水流方向垂直,易出现贯通式吸气漩涡.为研究进水口合理体型,采用RNG?k-方程紊流模型对四种不同体型电站进水口水流运动进行数值模拟.分析进水口内水流运动螺旋流线、漩涡强度、引水管进口流场分布情况,比较四种体型(大喇叭口型,钟型,碗型,不对称型)进水口的差异.得出碗状进水口内水流流态更好,不易出现贯通性漩涡,水力损失较小,体型设计具有相对优势,对于侧向进水口体型设计有参考意义.     

大型流道系统水力学特性及体型优化研究

基于对流道紧凑布置、安全运行的需求,对某电厂超超临界机组流道系统的水力学特性及体型优化进行了研究.分析了流道的阻力及能耗特性,采用数值模拟与模型试验相结合的方法开展研究.水力计算表明滤网、拦污栅等过流部件的局部损失占流道总能耗的95%以上,正确选择十分重要.利用二维水流数学模型提出了包括曲线引水导墙、流线型支墩的紧凑短流道布置优化方案.通过物理模型验证表明,正常运行时进口流态平顺,各流道进流均匀.在边墙开设曲线孔道,利用压差为内侧流道补流;在引水过渡段设曲线导流潜堰抑制环流,均可提高内侧流道过流能力,改善进流均匀性,保证流道在非正常低水位运行的安全性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with