大鼠初级视皮层整合野朝向信息调制的混沌性研究

整合野朝向信息调制作用下神经元响应信号具有混沌性,目前并不清楚混沌响应特性对信息处理的作用。以大鼠为研究对象,通过胞外电极记录信号的方式获取初级视皮层(V1区)神经元的动作电位信号,利用最大李雅普诺夫指数描述响应信号的非线性混沌状态,通过递归图算法计算随混沌状态变化的动力学信息量,分析神经元在整合野朝向信息调制下混沌性的变化对神经元信息表达的影响。结果发现整合野的调制增强了神经元响应信号的混沌性,有助于神经元用相对较少的发放传递等量的信息,或用同样的发放传递相对较多的信息,从而提高视觉系统处理信息的能力。     

基于spike-LFP同步的神经元朝向选择性分析

局部场电位(local field potential,LFP)与神经元发放的锋电位(spike)之间的同步关系揭示了重要的神经编码信息。为了研究不同对比度的光栅刺激下猕猴视皮层V1区和V4区神经元的朝向选择性,本文将锋电位触发的相关矩阵同步方法应用于在猕猴视皮层V1区和V4区记录的微电极信号,发现spike与gamma频段LFP之间的同步与光栅朝向之间存在较强的相关性,反映了视觉刺激的基本特征信息。另外,神经元spike的发放速率虽然会受到光栅朝向的影响,但是在不同对比度下发放速率并无明显区别,而spike-LFP同步会随着对比度的增加而增加,能够反映出同一朝向下对比度的变化。本文还利用圆方差来量化spike-LFP同步的朝向调谐曲线,发现对比度越大,V1区和V4区神经元的朝向选择性越强,V1区神经元比V4区神经元具有更强的朝向选择性。总之,spike-LFP同步能够更深入地揭示视皮层神经元的朝向调谐特性,为研究朝向选择性的形成机制提供新的方向。     

基于初级视皮层视觉特性的图像质量评价方法

针对现有的图像质量评价方法多从特征提取角度考虑图像的失真,忽视初级视皮层是视觉信息处理和认知推理的前提的问题,受人类视觉系统特性的启发,提出一种基于初级视皮层视觉特性的图像质量评价算法;该方法基于对初级视皮层视觉特性的学习,利用初级视皮层中感受野对视觉感知信息的稀疏编码特性,提取模拟初级视皮层感受野特性的基函数,结合独立成分分析和结构相似度算法构建一种初级视觉相似性测度法,并在LIVE图像数据库中进行实验。结果表明,该模型的预测结果与主观质量评价有很好的一致性,并优于已有的结构相似度算法。     

视网膜神经元网络模型分析

将嗅觉神经系统刺激、响应的WinnerLess Competition (WLC)模型应用到视觉通道的视网膜神经元网络的计算之中,研究视网膜神经元的电位发放特性.通过数值实验,发现视网膜神经元的电位发放与生理实验的结果相近,得出WLC模型能够用于视觉通道计算研究的结论,并分析了视网膜神经元网络中神经节神经元电位发放的ISI,讨论了该网络模型的动力学性质.     

基于多个放电神经元等效交流偶极子模型的SSVEP计算模型研究

为了解决用传统方法建立的稳态视觉诱发电位(SSVEP)计算模型无法反映脑电位随刺激频率变化特性的问题,揭示不同神经元群之间的时空相位特性,本文基于视皮层放电神经元膜电流的时谐性,根据初级视皮层按十字形分布的结构特征,充分考虑视皮层中不同神经元群之间存在的空间相位差,将放电神经元群等效为8个具有不同偶极矩的交流电流偶极子,以此建立了SSVEP的计算模型,该计算模型反映了SSVEP的频率变化特征。仿真结果表明：不论刺激频率取为何值,根据8个视皮层放电神经元群对应的等效电流偶极子计算得到SSVEP均大于单一的放电神经元的等效电流偶极子所得,说明初级视皮层中不同放电神经元群之间的空间相位是影响SSVEP的一个重要因素。     

视知觉训练与初级视皮层神经元信息及其表征容量

通过分析猕猴初级视皮层（V1）神经元的群体活动在轮廓线检测训练过程中的变化发现：知觉训练可以降低V1神经元响应在不同试次之间的变异性，促使V1神经元对相同刺激的响应更加稳定；训练还可降低V1神经元群体中神经元活动之间的相关性，使V1神经元之间的活动更加独立；增加了神经活动的维度，提高了神经元表征信息的容量，减少了冗余的神经活动，进而提升了感知能力.     

一种多核神经网络集成的地震要素预测方法

为了提高地震要素的预测准确度,在同一个网络模型中构建多种不同类型的基核函数,对不同种径向基函数构建多核神经网络集成模型,以提高网络的精度.从确定最优径向基神经元数、适当加大训练的目标误差等多个方面加以优化,减小最小训练误差和提高预测精度.采用多元回归分析法,对样本进行拟合得到子预测的多元回归系数,对子预测模型进行多元回...     

大鼠初级视皮层神经元整合野调制的多重分形去趋势波动分析

初级视皮层(V1区)神经元整合野的外周调制作用是动物执行视觉图像-背景分割和目标识别的神经基础。采用多重分形去趋势波动的方法,分析了整合野调制下神经元响应的多重分形性,并分析了其与整合野抑制作用的关系。结果表明:不同模式下神经元的响应信号均具有多重分形特征,谱宽Δα能显著区分两种典型的整合野调制状态,且神经元的分形性强度与整合野的抑制指数呈正相关。该研究表明整合野的调制作用改变了神经元响应的复杂程度,提高了其携带信息的能力。     

基于受限玻尔兹曼机的神经元群体响应的贝叶斯解码

神经元通过尖峰模式传递有关刺激的信息,多个神经元通过突触相互联系,构成了复杂的神经回路。在过去的一个世纪中,多电极记录技术的进步使科学家们能够获取一个完整神经回路的细胞响应。这些记录表明,神经元的活动之间存在显著相关性。因此,本文提出利用受限玻尔兹曼机模型描述神经元响应活动之间的相关性,建立神经元群体响应的编码模型,并利用贝叶斯定理构建了基于受限玻尔兹曼机模型的解码器,将它应用于模拟的小鼠视觉皮层神经元的响应序列中。实验结果表明,此解码器在准确率方面优于不考虑神经元之间相关性的独立模型解码器。     

基于视觉感知机制的轮廓检测方法

结合初级视皮层的结构及其功能特性,模拟初级皮层的轮廓感知功能,提出一种有效的基于人类视觉感知机制的轮廓检测算法.首先,利用局部能量建立复杂细胞响应模型;然后,结合初级视皮层细胞排列特性构建图像信息与皮层细胞的映射关系,通过模拟神经元间的水平连接机制,实现对图像轮廓信息的增强和背景信息的抑制,建立了以初级视皮层风车状结构为基础的轮廓感知模型.实验结果表明:所提方法在保持目标轮廓完整性的同时,对背景信息的抑制效果更为有效;可以更加有效地对图像背景纹理进行抑制和对目标轮廓进行增强,在一定程度上达到了轮廓过度检测与欠检测的平衡,检测出的目标轮廓位置也更加精准.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has