用切削液超高压注入法提高刀具寿命的研究

将切削液用喷嘴从刀具的后刀面超高压注入，使喷流直接作用用刀头与工件的接触点，经实验研究表明，工具的后刀面磨损，月牙洼磨损，刀头的温度与常规切削相比大幅度下降，且后刀面磨损形态料与常规不同，刀具的寿命了延长３倍以上。     

高速铣削TC6钛合金的刀具磨损机理

通过物理气相沉积（PVD）和化学气相沉积（ CVD）涂层硬质合金刀具对α+β相钛合金TC6进行高速铣削加工,研究了PVD与CVD刀具在铣削TC6钛合金过程中的刀具磨损形态和磨损机理.结果表明：在相同的切削条件下,PVD涂层刀具后刀面磨损量更小,刀具寿命更长,更适合TC6钛合金的加工.其前刀面主要发生黏结磨损和氧化磨损,后刀面则为边界磨损,由于前刀面黏结磨损和后刀面边界磨损对切削刃的弱化作用,使得主切削刃发生了微崩刃.CVD涂层刀具寿命较短,其前刀面主要发生初期微崩刃和随之而来的月牙洼磨损以及黏结磨损;后刀面则为磨粒磨损,失效形式为涂层剥落.     

铣刀磨损过程中铣削力与磨损面积分析

研究了三刃立铣刀磨损过程中切削力与刀具后刀面磨损带中部宽度（VB）、磨损面积、刀具副后刀面磨损带宽和磨损面积之间的关系．实验结果表明：铣刀磨损过程中,铣刀每转切削力均值、每切削刃切削力均值的变化曲线与车刀的典型磨损过程曲线相似,铣刀后刀面磨损面积比VB更真实地反映铣刀的磨损状态,可根据x方向的切削力标准偏差与其均值的比值判断刀具的磨损．     

铣刀磨损过程中铣削力与磨损面积分析

研究了三刃立铣刀磨损过程中切削力与刀具后刀面磨损带中部密度,磨损面积,刀具副后刀面磨损宽和磨损面积之间的关系。实验结果表明：铣刀磨损过程中,铣刀每转切削力均值,每切削刃切削力均值的变化曲线与车刀的典型磨损过程曲线相似,铣刀后刀面磨损面积比ＶＢ更真实地反映铣刀的磨损状态,可根据ｘ方向的切削力标准偏差与其均值的比值判断刀具的磨损。     

硬质合金刀具铣削镍基单晶高温合金DD5磨损试验

为探究在干切削和水基微量润滑(WMQL)条件下刀具磨损对DD5铣削表面质量的影响规律,采用四刃PVD-TiAlN涂层硬质合金刀具以及超景深显微镜和扫描电镜等设备,以刀具副后刀面磨损宽度为主要评价指标,对硬质合金刀具副后刀面磨损形态、磨损机理进行分析和研究,并采用三维轮廓仪对零件表面粗糙度进行测量.研究结果表明,与干切削相比,采用水基微量润滑冷却技术,能够延长刀具寿命并改善材料的铣削加工性;硬质合金刀具的主要磨损机理为粘结磨损、磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和扩散磨损.     

天然单晶金刚石刀具的磨损

对金刚石刀具的磨损和晶向选择问题进行了试验观察和理论分析。结果表明：金刚石石刀具的磨损形态主要有前刀面月牙注磨损、后刀面边界沟槽磨损、刀刃附近的光滑磨损带及刀刃处的微小劈裂磨损。     

铣削高强度钛合金TC18的刀具磨损机理

采用无涂层和PVD涂层硬质合金可转位刀具对高强度钛合金TC18进行铣削加工,研究了钛合金TC18铣削加工过程中刀具的磨损形态和磨损机理.结果表明：在相同的加工条件下,采用PVD涂层硬质合金刀具加工TC18钛合金的寿命较长,前刀面主要磨损机理为黏结磨损和扩散磨损等,刀具失效形式为涂层剥落和随之而来的前刀面月牙洼磨损,后刀面除了黏结磨损和扩散磨损以外,还发生了磨粒磨损;无涂层硬质合金刀具的寿命较短,刀具的失效形式为崩刃.     

聚晶金刚石刀具低温冷却铣削Cf/SiC磨损机理

采用聚晶金刚石(PCD)刀具对C_f/SiC陶瓷基复合材料进行干式和低温冷却铣削试验,获得了PCD刀具在干式和低温冷却铣削条件下的前刀面和后刀面磨损形貌,测得了不同铣削长度所对应的主切削力和后刀面磨损量,分析了PCD刀具在不同铣削条件下的磨损机理及寿命可靠性。研究表明:在低温冷却条件下,PCD刀具以磨粒磨损为主要磨损机理,失效表面存在明显沟槽磨损和大量长条状划痕;而在干式铣削条件下,PCD刀具以磨粒磨损和局部氧化磨损为主要磨损机理,失效表面呈现均匀的磨损带;低温冷却使PCD刀具有效使用寿命提高约100%。     

可加工陶瓷材料ZrO2/CePO4钻削刀具的磨损

通过ZrO2/CePO4陶瓷的钻削实验,研究刀具磨损特性,分析各因素对刀具磨损的影响.分别应用硬质合金和高速钢钻头对制备的可加工陶瓷ZrO2/CePO4进行钻削加工.通过主后刀面的磨损测试和电镜观察,考察ZrO2/CePO4钻削中的刀具磨损形态、过程以及刀具材料、刀具角度、冷却条件对刀具磨损的影响.结果表明,高速钢刀具因磨损严重,不适于ZrO2/CePO4陶瓷的钻削.可加工陶瓷ZrO2/CePO4钻削过程中,硬质合金钻头的磨损主要包括3种形态:主后刀面磨损、第一副后刀面磨损和横刃磨损.与低碳钢比较,钻削ZrO2/CePO4陶瓷时硬质合金刀具的磨损速度增长较快,冷却条件对刀具磨损的影响显著.刀具材料和冷却条件是影响ZrO2/CePO4陶瓷钻削刀具磨损的主要因素.     

纯铁车削刀具磨损对表面完整性的影响

在微量润滑方式下采用非涂层刀具进行纯铁材料车削刀具磨损试验,并分别采用新刀具、后刀面平均磨损量为0.12和0.21 mm的已磨损刀具切削纯铁材料,研究刀具磨损对纯铁零件表面完整性的影响规律.结果表明:切削速度对纯铁精加工刀具寿命影响较大,其磨损形式以刀具后刀面刀尖磨损和沟槽磨损为主;高速时表面粗糙度随刀具磨损而快速增加,低速时则先增加后趋于平稳;切削速度为100、300 m/min时,工件表面切向和轴向残余应力随刀具磨损呈先减小后增大的变化趋势,显微硬度则呈先增大后减小的趋势;工件表层晶粒扭曲、拉伸状塑性变形程度增加,表面呈现严重的撕裂和塑性流动等缺陷.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that