ZnS/SiO2介孔组装体系的光吸收特性

通过溶胶-凝胶法获得块材ZnS纳米颗粒／介孔SiO2组装体系(ZnS／SiO2)样品，分别在氮气和空气气氛中做了退火处理，发现吸收边位置随复合量和退火温度不同而移动，经计算颗粒的理论值与其自由激子半径相当，说明吸收边的移动起因于量子限域效应。     

TiO2纳米薄膜和TiO2／ZnFe2O4纳米复合薄膜的光学性能研究

用磁控溅射方法制备了ＴｉＯ２ 纳米薄膜和ＴｉＯ２／ＺｎＦｅ２Ｏ４ 纳米复合薄膜,研究了不同温度热处理和不同含量纳米铁酸锌对纳米ＴｉＯ２ 薄膜光学性能的影响。研究结果表明：用磁控溅射方法制备的纳米薄膜的厚度和晶粒尺寸均匀,并且随着热处理温度的升高而增大,掺杂纳米ＺｎＦｅ２ Ｏ４后ＴｉＯ２ 纳米薄膜的晶粒尺寸略有减小。ＸＲＤ 研究发现ＴｉＯ２／ＺｎＦｅ２Ｏ４ 纳米复合薄膜由非晶相向锐态矿相转变的温度高于纳米ＴｉＯ２ 薄膜。ＴｉＯ２ 纳米薄膜和ＴｉＯ２／ＺｎＦｅ２ Ｏ４ 纳米复合薄膜的光吸收边都随着晶粒尺寸的降低而发生蓝移,在相同热处理条件下,掺杂纳米ＺｎＦｅ２ Ｏ４ 后,纳米ＴｉＯ２薄膜的光吸收边发生了较大范围的红移,红移量随着掺杂量的增加而增大。通过热处理和掺杂纳米ＺｎＦｅ２Ｏ４ 可以实现对纳米ＴｉＯ２ 薄膜光吸收边大范围的调制。     

金属离子掺杂影响TiO2纳米晶簇的光吸收

实验测量掺杂不同金属离子的TiO2纳米晶簇在UV和可见波段的室温光吸收谱.金属离子掺杂明显增强TiO2纳米晶簇的光吸收.TiO2带隙发生红移.光吸收增加量随波长非线性变化.     

CdS_(0.1)Se_(0.9)半导体纳米晶体的生长和吸收光谱的研究

采用两步退火方法获得了嵌埋于玻璃基体内CdSxSe1-x的半导体纳米晶体 ,其平均尺寸随退火时间的增加而增大 .从实验测量的室温吸收谱上看到 ,当纳米晶体的平均直径从 5.6 1nm减小到 4 .6 9nm时 ,其吸收边向高能方向移动了 0 .0 89eV .用有效质量近似模型计算了半导体纳米晶体的吸收边相对其体材料的移动 ,将理论计算与实验结果进行了比较 .     

硒化物半导体纳米材料光学吸收谱的温度特征

目的研究半导体纳米薄膜材料的光学吸收谱由于温度效应产生的吸收边变化和能带移动。方法采用共沉淀法制备了硒化物半导体纳米薄膜材料CdSe,并测量材料在室温至低温下的紫外-可见吸收光谱,观察不同温度下谱带吸收边的变化。结果实验发现光学吸收边随温度降低而发生蓝移的情况,将(αhν)2～hν曲线直线部分外推,与横轴的截距即为材料带隙宽度Eg,数据模拟结果显示Eg随温度变化是非线性的,且能带随温度的变化较好地符合Fernandez公式。结论进而分析造成吸收谱温度效应的原因是温度变化对晶格参数及电子-声子相互作用的影响,引起能带边缘的相对移动,导致吸收边能量位置的漂移,并从理论公式上表达了带隙变化随温度的依赖关系。     

Cd_(1-x)Mn_xS/SiO_2介孔组装体系退火特性

通过溶胶-凝胶法获得孔SiO_2载体。浸泡合成法获得Cd_(1-x)Mn_xS/SiO_2介孔组装体系样品,在氮气保护条件下和空气中研究了它们的退火特征,在两种不同的气氛下,它们的退火行为不同,前者的光吸收谱表现为红移而后者则蓝移。     

Synthesis of chain-like MoS2 nanoparticles in W/O reverse microemulsion and application in photocatalysis

Chain-like MoS2assemblies consisting of hexagonal MoS2nanoparticles(20-60 nm) have been successfully synthesized in a Triton X-100/cyclohexane/hexanol/water W/O reverse microemulsion in the presence of(NH 4)2MoS 4 as the molybdenum source and NH2OH·HCl as the reducing agent.The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction(XRD),transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra.The influence of synthetic parameters such as acidity,water/oil ratio(0),aging time and annealing temperature on the formation of MoS2assemblies was investigated.TEM analysis showed that these synthetic factors played important roles in controlling the size of MoS2nanoparticles and the length of the chain-like MoS2assemblies.XRD analysis indicated that the well-crystallized MoS2nanoparticles could be obtained by annealing the precursors at 700 C for2h under a flow of N2atmosphere.In addition,the as-prepared chain-like MoS2nanoparticles exhibited excellent photocatalytic H2activity in Ru(bpy) 3 2+-MoS2-H2A three-component molecular systems under visible light irradiation.     

铁掺杂TiO2纳米粒子光催化氧化庚烯的研究

采用新的合成路线制得掺铁TiO₂纳米粒子, 通过光催化降解庚烯研究其气固复相光催化性能, 用XRD, UV-vis和XPS等方法研究了掺铁TiO₂纳米粒子的晶体结构、 光吸收特性及表面化学形态. TiO₂纳米粒子掺杂Fe³⁺后, TiO₂的光吸收阈值发生红移, 向可见光区拓展; Fe³⁺掺杂浓度和焙烧温度对掺铁TiO₂纳米粒子的气 固复相光催化降解活性有很大影响, 实验结果表明, 掺铁量为0.5%(摩尔分数), 焙 烧温度300 ℃时光催化降解活性最好.     

磁性纳米Fe_3O_4与Fe_3O_4/TiO_2复合材料的制备

用共沉淀法制备了纳米Fe3O4.TEM及XRD的测定结果表明制备了尖晶石型纳米Fe3O4,VSM结果显示样品具有超顺磁性.在此基础上采用均匀沉淀法制备了Fe3O4/TiO2复合材料,XRD和UV-Vis结果表明制备出双层封闭结构的复合粒子的光吸收带发生了较大幅度的红移,并进入可见光区,同时吸收光强度也明显增大,这对开发日光型催化剂是十分有利的.     

低气压等离子喷涂TiO_2涂层机械性能的研究

文本通过实验研究,证明了在低气压等离子喷涂条件下,TiO_2涂层的机械性能不是依赖于涂层结构,而主要由形成涂层前的TiO_2粒子的温度和速度所决定;如果形成涂层前的TiO_2粒子温度越高并且速度越大,就能形成更加扁平状粒子的涂层,增加粒子间结合力,使涂层机械性能提高。因此,喷涂规范中的等离子弧功率、喷涂距离和喷涂室压力对涂层机械性能有较大影响,而等离子弧辅助气氢气流量的影响甚小。     

Grain size effect of IrO2 nanocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction

Combined with air annealing, rutile-structured IrO 2 nanoparticles with various sizes were prepared using colloidal method. The nanoparticles were used as the electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in acidic media, and their grain size effect was studied. The results show that with the increase in annealing temperature, the grain size of the catalyst increases, and the voltammetric charges (the electroactive areas) and apparent activity for the OER decrease. The relationship between the intrinsic activity and the annealing temperature exhibits a volcano-type curve and the catalyst annealed at 550 ℃ achieved the best result.     

染料包覆纳米银粒子复合膜的吸收红移

采用Sol Gel法制备出染料包覆纳米银粒子的复合膜 ,用电镜 (TEM )测量了该复合膜中纳米银粒子的尺寸大小及形态 ,实验测出了复合膜的吸收光谱 .结果发现 ,与纯染料溶液相比 ,在用荧光素钠 (FS)包覆纳米银粒子的复合膜中 ,FS分子吸收峰红移约 1 0nm ;而在用罗丹明 6G(Rh6G)包覆纳米银粒子的复合膜中 ,Rh6G分子吸收峰红移较小 .从理论上对这种结果给予分析和解释     

退火温度对ZnO/SiO_2复合薄膜结构及光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶(sol-gel)法在玻璃衬底上制备ZnO/SiO2(ZSO)复合薄膜,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)和光致发光(PL)谱对样品的形貌、晶体结构、透过率及光致发光性能进行表征.SEM结果表明,样品为双层结构,随着退火温度的升高,颗粒变大,并产生团聚现象;XRD结果表明,样品经退火处理后生成六方纤锌矿型ZnO,衍射峰强度和晶粒尺寸随退火温度的升高而增大;UV-Vis结果表明,样品同时具有ZnO和SiO2特征吸收边,双层复合薄膜中ZnO和SiO2两种不同材料的能带不连续导致360nm附近的曲线不平滑,并使能带蓝移,经400℃退火处理后的样品透过率较高;PL谱结果表明,在355nm波长激发下,样品分别在紫外区和蓝光区域产生发射峰,随着退火温度的升高,样品内缺陷密度减小,由缺陷引起的发光强度减弱.     

Bi2Fe4O9的制备及光催化性能研究

用Bi(NO3)3.5H2O和Fe(NO3)3.9H2O为基本原料,采用共沉淀法合成了Bi2Fe4O9粉体,用XRD和SEM测试了不同制备条件下得到的Bi2Fe4O9粉体的晶体结构和形貌,XRD结果表明在650℃～750℃直接煅烧2h可得到纯相Bi2Fe4O9粉体,SEM结果表明随着灼烧温度的提高,晶粒的尺寸增加,750℃时晶粒呈片状,UV-Vis分析表明,Bi2Fe4O9在可见光区域有较强的吸收,光催化性能表明,Bi2Fe4O9粉体对甲基橙降解效果较好。     

掺氧多晶硅薄膜退火特性的研究

掺氧多晶硅薄膜作为钝化膜己成功地应用于半导体器件。为了适应器件制造过程中的高温热处理,有必要探讨膜的高温热退火物理效应。本文从薄膜的腐蚀速率、膜的厚度以及膜的折射率随不同退火温度的变化,显示了掺氧多晶硅薄膜经高温退火的致密效应。而从膜的红外吸收谱测量表明膜中含氧量基本不变,但Si-O键吸收峰随着退火温度的升高向高频方向移动,并且愈益接近SiO_2的红外吸收谱。由此说明高温热退火使无定形的生长层薄膜再结构为Si多晶颗粒和SiO_2。使膜中SiO_2成份随着退火温度升高也跟着增加。     

掺氧多晶硅薄膜退火特性的研究

掺氧多晶硅薄膜作为钝化膜已成功地应用于半导体器件.为了适应器件制造过程中的高温热处理,有必要探讨膜的高温热退火物理效应.本文从薄膜的腐蚀速率、膜的厚度以及膜的折射率随不同退火温度的变化,显示了掺氧多晶硅薄膜经高温退火的致密效应.而从膜的红外吸收谱测量表明膜中含氧量基本不变,但Si-O键吸收峰随着退火温度的升高向高频方向移动,并且愈益接近SiO_2的红外吸收谱.由此说明高温热退火使无定形的生长层薄膜再结构为Si多晶颗粒和SiO_2.使膜中SiO_2成份随着退火温度升高也跟着增加.     

Cr3+掺杂的TiO2纳米复合微粒的合成及表征

利用酸催化的溶胶-凝胶法合成了一系列不同Cr3 掺杂量的TiO2纳米复合微粒.用XRD,TEM,UV-Vis等技术进行了结构表征.结果表明利用该法所合成的Cr3 /TiO2纳米复合微粒尺寸小(约10 nm),粒度分布范围窄;在所研究的掺杂量范围内(x:0～0.1000),该纳米复合粒子的粒径随Cr3 掺杂量的增加呈减小的趋势,但幅度不大.从XRD中,没有发现Cr2O3相的偏析和TiO2由锐钛矿向金红石的相转变;TiO2的衍射峰随Cr3 掺杂量的增加有宽化和强度减弱的现象.UV-Vis光谱结果显示:由于Cr3 的加入,该纳米复合微粒对光的吸收拓展到了可见区,同时随着Cr3 掺杂量的增加,对可见光的吸收强度显著增强.     

Preparation and optical properties of composite thin films with embedded InP nanoparticles

InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films were prepared by radio-frequency magnetron co-sputtering. We analyzed the structure and growth behavior of the composite films under different preparation conditions. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses indicate that InP nanoparticles have a polycrystalline structure. The average size of InP nanoparticles is in the range of 3–10 nm. The broadening and red shift of the Raman peaks were observed, which can be interpreted by the phonon confinement model. Optical transmission spectra indicate that the optical absorption edges of the films can be modulated in the visible light range. The marked blue shift of the absorption edge with respect to that of bulk InP is explained by the quantum confinement effect. The theoretical values of the blue shift predicted by the effective mass approximation model are different from the experimental results for the InP-SiO₂ system. Analyses indicate that the exciton effective mass of the InP nanoparticles is not constant and is inverse relative to the particles radius, which may be the main reason that results in the discrepancy between the theoretical and the experimental result. We discussed the possible transition of the direct band gap to the indirect band gap for InP nanoparticles embedded in SiO₂ thin films.     

纳米TiO2薄膜的制备及其光学特性研究

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备了纳米ＴｉＯ２薄膜,ＸＲＤ研究表明,纳米ＴｉＯ２薄膜随着热处理温度的升高,发生了从非晶状态向锐钛矿相的转变,最后转化为金红石相,ＵＶ－ＶＩＳ、俞 米ＴｉＯ２薄膜的致密度与成膜条件有关,Ｒａｍａｎ表明,随热处理温度的升高,纳米ＴｉＯ２薄膜的振动峰位发生移动,并且谱带明显宽化,表现出尺寸效应。     

Effect of TiO2 on the viscosity and structure of low-fluoride slag used for electroslag remelting of Ti-containing steels

The viscosity of CaF2–CaO–Al2O3–MgO–(TiO2) slag was measured using a rotating crucible viscometer. Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed to correlate the viscosity to slag structure. The viscosity of the slag was found to decrease with increasing TiO2 con-tent in the slag from 0 to 9.73wt%. The activation energy decreased from 95.16 kJ/mol to 79.40 kJ/mol with increasing TiO2 content in the slag. The introduction of TiO2 into the slag played a destructive role in Al–O–Al structural units and Q4 units by forming simpler structural units of Q2 and426TiO- chain. The amount of Al–O–Al significantly decreased with increasing TiO2 content. The relative fraction of4Q units in the [AlO4]5?-tetrahedral units shows a decreasing trend, whereas the relative fraction of2Q units and426TiO- chain increases with increasing TiO2 content accordingly. Consequently, the polymerization degree of the slag decreases with increasing TiO2 content. The varia-tion in slag structure is consistent with the change in measured viscosity.